心理语言学理论对英语口语教学的启示

心理语言学对儿童母语习得的研究成果在英语口语教学方面具有很高的指导意义。本文论述了心理语言学在研究儿童母语习得方面取得的理论成果,并认为正确认识它们并运用到英语口语教学中,对提高教学效果有重要意义。     

Effects of psycholinguistic instruction on spelling performance

Two studies were conducted in which phonology‐based instructional strategies designed for improving spelling skills of elementary school children were compared against instruction strategies that relied only on visual exposure of words. The first study involved a total of 93 children. Of these, 46 were instructed by drawing their attention to the psycholinguistic nature of their spelling errors. The remaining 47 children in the comparison group were shown the correct version of all the words. In study II 15 children were placed in a treatment group and were taught phoneme awareness, and 15 children were placed in a comparison group and were exposed to printed words only. In both studies, posttests showed that children taught through psycholinguistic and phoneme awareness methods significantly outperformed the visual training groups. Further, these gains were retained after a period of 2 weeks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

心理语言学理论在英语阅读中的应用

心理语言学理论对英语阅读的指导作用主要体现在非语言方面和语言方面两处,非语言方面指与英语阅读文章内容有关的阅读策略、阅读技能和背景知识等;语言方面指篇章知识、语法、习惯用语、词汇等语言知识水平。本文首先分析了英语阅读技能的制约因素,其次,重点探讨了心理语言学理论对英语阅读的指导作用,具有一定的参考价值。     

心理语言学理论对英语口语教学的启示

心理语言学对儿童母语习得的研究成果在英语口语教学方面具有很高的指导意义.本文论述了心理语言学在研究儿童母语习得方面取得的理论成果,并认为正确认识它们并运用到英语口语教学中,对提高教学效果有重要意义.     

Processing information from screen media: A psycholinguistic approach

How do viewers derive meaning from sequenced images shown on a screen? The author attempted to determine whether methodologies employed in psycholinguistic investigation of sentence perception can be used to ascertain how screen media communicate. In the present study, techniques similar to those used to explore linguistic perception were not transferable to the examination of visual perception. However, the author believes that as researchers proceed to explore the area of screen literacy, the analogy with language will continue to be of heuristic value.     

浅谈从心理语言学理论看中式英语成因

中式英语是中国的英语学习者普遍存在的问题,也是大家广为探讨的问题。长期以来,它不仅是中国的英语学习者语言习得中的障碍,而且也给与英语本族语的交流带来了许多困难。如不认识它的形成原因,就很难加以注意并纠正。     

Learning to read: a psycholinguistic analysis of transitional processing

In the last decade a shift in view of the reading process, from basically an‘analytic’to a‘constructivist-psycholinguistic’view, has become apparent. The basis of this shift is analysed. The question of whether the process of learning-to-read, i.e. the transition from initial reading to fluent reading, can be understood in the same light is raised. It is argued that although the process of learning-to-read can be viewed essentially as a constructive process, developmental constraints require a modified view of the róle of constituent processing strategies. Implications of this modified view are suggested for the evaluation and teaching of reading.     

Long‐term effects of a psycholinguistic treatment for dyslexia

Short and long‐term effects of a treatment for dyslexia are evaluated. The treatment is based on psycholinguistic theory and assumes that dyslexia is due to poor lexico‐phonological processing of words. The treatment is computer‐based and focuses on learning to recognise and to make use of the phonological and morphological structure of Dutch words. The results of the treatment were clear improvements in reading words, reading text and spelling. Effect sizes of standardised treatment gains were large (Cohen's d>0.80 for all variables). Following the treatment, participants attained an average level of text‐reading and spelling. The attained level of reading words and reading text was found to be stable over a four‐year follow‐up period. Spelling showed a slight decline one year after the treatment, but remained stable thereafter. ¹ 1. A preliminary report of the data was presented at the World congress on dyslexia, September 1997, Thessaloniki, Greece.     

Relation of psycholinguistic development to imaginative play of disadvantaged preschool children

The relation of imaginative play to psycholinguistic development was investigated in a sample of disadvantaged preschool children. The children were assigned to high and low play groups based on their level of play organization. The high play group was significantly more mature in overall psycholinguistic development than the low play group. Further analyses revealed that while the groups did not vary in Auditory Reception, the high play group earned more advanced scores on the Auditory-Vocal Association and Verbal Expression tasks that did the low play group. Moreover, the high play group engaged in more task-relevant speech during play than did the low play group, although the groups did not differ in amount of task-irrelevant speech. The role of psycholinguistic, cognitive, and environmental factors in the development and organization of imaginative play was discussed.     

Construct validity of the Illinois test of psycholinguistic abilities for a clinic population

The construct validity of the 10 primary ITPA subtests was investigated on a clinic population of 91 (66 males, 25 female) learning disabled children. Construct validity was determined by the degree to which each subtest measured discrete, independent abilities and the extent of subtest relationship to academic subject areas. Results via factor analysis and correlational analyses generally support the independence of the channel dimension, i.e., visual vs. auditory. While the process dimension, i.e., receptive, expressive, and associative, was not found to be an independent measure, the dimension of levels, i.e., representational vs. automatic, was substantiated for this clinical population. Implications of discrepancies in the channel dimension are discussed.     

Oral language facility,verbal intelligence and performance on tests of psycholinguistic ability

The performance of 152 children in the age range 7 years 5 months to 7 years 11 months on a battery comprising the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA), the English Picture Vocabulary Test 2 (EPVT), a test of auditory discrimination, a sentence repetition test and an orally administered verbal intelligence test was compared with the complexity and fluency of spoken language recorded from each child. Only a moderate correlation was found between the ITPA total score and the length‐complexity index (LCI) from the language samples. Moderate correlations were found between the LCI and several auditory‐vocal channel subtests from the ITPA; however, with the influence of verbal intelligence partialled out most of these were reduced to low or nonsignificant levels. The scores from the Manual Expression subtest in the visual‐motor channel were found to correlate as highly with LCI as did the ITPA total score.

This relationship was maintained to two situations, (i) when the factor of verbal intelligence was controlled statistically, (ii) when a sub‐sample of subjects within a narrow IQ range was selected for separate analysis. The Verbal Expression subtest also showed moderate correlation with LCI in four out of five analyses, thus lending support to the “process” construct in the ITPA model. No connection was found between any of the psycholinguistic subtests and fluency of language production. The validity of the ITPA as a test of oral language performance was questioned.