基于专利价值影响因素评价的企业专利技术管理策略研究

[目的/意义] 专利价值评估是企业技术管理的重要内容。通过对专利价值影响因素进行评价,为企业对其专利技术进行有效管理提供思路和策略。[方法/过程] 利用Innography专利信息检索分析平台,从专利价值度(PV)、专利家族(PF)、专利引用次数(NPC)、权利要求数(NC)、专利申请时长(PTO)、专利年龄(AP)等角度,对样本专利的相关专利信息进行挖掘。然后通过构建多元线性回归模型,对专利价值的影响因素进行评价,结合评价结果,为企业的专利技术管理提出可供参考的策略。[结果/结论] 回归结果显示,专利家族、专利引用次数、权利要求和专利申请时长与专利价值呈正相关关系,而从中立的第三方或被许可方角度看,专利年龄与专利价值呈负相关关系。据此,从创新程度、专利文件撰写、专利布局、流程管理和运营等角度提出企业技术管理策略。     

Exploring the forward citation patterns of patents based on the evolution of technology fields

Forward citations of patents have been used extensively to capture the impact of technological knowledge. However, our understanding of the factors shaping patent citation patterns remains limited. One of the main limitations is the lack of scholarly attention paid to the dynamic influences arising from the evolution of technology fields. From an evolutionary perspective, technological impact is not simply determined by the static attributes of a technology itself; it is also dynamically affected by changes in the external conditions. Drawing on this viewpoint, this study suggests a model for understanding patent citation patterns by reflecting the evolution of the technology fields to which each patent belongs. Four such factors are explored: technology cycle time, potential of technological convergence, popularity of the technology field, and technological novelty. Based on the proposed model, we show how expected citation patterns can change as a result of different scenarios for technology field evolution. We conduct a case study of patents in the information technology and healthcare industries to show citation patterns of patents across heterogeneous industries as well as those within an industry. Contributions to the innovation literature and research investment decisions are discussed.     

Paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge: Macro and micro evidence

In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called “prince”). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called “flash in the pan”, i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of “science sleeping”-“technology inducing”, such as “biology-biotechnology/pharmaceuticals”, “chemistry-chemical engineering”, as well as some trans-fields science-technology interactions, such as “psychology - computer technology/control technology/audio-visual technology”, “physics - computer technology”, and “mathematics-computer technology”. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis.     

基于专利引文的技术跟踪可视化研究——共引、互引、他引、自引

科技管理的发展离不开技术跟踪的有效实施.专利引文中蕴藏着大量的重要技术信息,通过专利引文分析,可以有效地跟踪和监控相关技术领域的发展态势.基于此,文章以专利的共引、互引、他引、自引作为研究视角,以数据挖掘、信息萃取、知识发现等技术为手段,开发基于专利引文的技术跟踪可视化工具,并以公路工程领域为例,从技术结构、技术依赖和技术战略定位三个层面进行可视化实验,以期为科技管理的实施做一些基于技术分析的支撑性基础工作.     

高校专利技术转移转化价值影响因素实证分析——基于11所一流高校专利转移转化数据

[目的/意义]对高校专利技术转移转化价值的影响因素进行实证研究,帮助技术转移人员对专利技术转移转化价值形成更加客观的认识,提高专利交易效率,促进高校专利技术成果转移转化。[方法/过程]以我国11所一流高校专利转移转化数据为研究对象,从法律、技术、市场、转移转化方式四个层面设计解释变量,通过多元线性回归研究高校专利技术转移转化价值影响因素。[结果/结论]转移转化方式这一因素对高校专利转移价值的影响程度要显著强于技术、市场和法律因素;同族专利数、发明人数、文献页数对高校专利技术转移转化价值有显著正向影响,申请人数对高校专利技术转移转化价值有显著负向影响,且这四个变量回归系数显著性不受市场、转移转化方式因素的影响,是评价高校专利技术转移转化价值较为稳定的指标;不同转移转化类型、不同定价形式、不同组合交易方式的专利,其转移转化金额的影响因素差异较大;从法律、技术、市场、转移转化方式四个层面对高校专利转移技术转化价值进行评价的可靠程度在逐年提升。     

原创性指数值的测度及其变动趋势分析——基于美国经济发展局的数据

原创性(originality)指数是美国经济发展局(NBER)提出的一项新专利指标。基于美国经济发展局建立的专利引文数据库,以美国专利商标局(USPTO)专利分类系统为标准,可测算出每项专利的原创性指数。按大类和小类汇总计算其均值,并绘制依时间变化的趋势图,能展现出原创性指数均值的稳步上升态势,也体现出技术的整体发展规律的融合、会聚趋势,对技术研发和管理具有重要意义。     

基于专利申请及审查制度的专利引文评价效能实证研究

[目的/意义]研究专利申请及审查制度下的专利引文作用机理,厘清专利引文评价效能,是保证学术评估客观合理的重要前提。[方法/过程]以美、中、日三国诉讼专利和许可专利为实证样本,分析专利引文频次与专利价值的相关性,并结合专利申请和专利审查制度就专利引文对施引专利、被引专利的评价效能进行深入剖析。[结果/结论]专利引文频次对专利价值而言是一个正向、负向、中性混杂的评价指标,专利引文对专利价值的评价需建立在对引用动机、引文扮演角色和实际发挥作用等诸多要素的深入细致分析上,否则,专利引文对专利价值不具有客观的评价效能。     

学术期刊影响速度、加速度与影响强度研究——以CSSCI经济学期刊为例

学术界目前大多从静态角度评价学术期刊影响力,比较缺乏动态角度的相关研究.文章借助牛顿第二定律的原理,旨在探索评价学术期刊动态影响力的指标和方法,从期刊影响速度、加速度及影响强度三个角度展开研究,并提出期刊影响强度的概念.以CSSCI经济学期刊为研究对象,基于中国知网CNKI的引文数据库,综合采用相关分析、回归分析、Ka...     

Identifying missing relevant patent citation links by using bibliographic coupling in LED illuminating technology

This study uses bibliographic coupling to identify missing relevant patent links, in order to construct a comprehensive citation network. Missing citation links can be added by taking the missing relevant patent links into account. The Pareto principle is used to determine the threshold of bibliographic coupling strength, in order to identify the missing relevant patent links. Comparisons between the original patent citation network and the comprehensive patent citation network with the missing relevant patent links are illustrated at both the patent and assignee levels. Light emitting diode (LED) illuminating technology is chosen as the case study. The relationships between the patents and the assignees are obviously enhanced after adding the missing relevant patent links. The results show that the growth rates on both the total number and the average number of links have apparently improved at the patent level. At the assignee level, the number of linked assignees and the average number of links between two assignees are increased. The differences between the two citation networks are further examined by means of the Freeman vertex betweenness centrality and Johnson's hierarchical clustering. The patents with more new links to other patents have distinct results in terms of the Freeman vertex betweenness centrality. The enhancement of links among patents also results in different clustering.     

Knowledge convergence of science and technology in patent inventions

How do scientific knowledge and technological knowledge interact to influence patent inventions? This study combines the “Reliance on Science in Patenting” dataset with the PATSTAT database to investigate focal patents and their paper references and patent references. A temporal investigation shows a growing tendency that patents absorb more knowledge from patents than papers. Additionally, we conduct two sets of analyses, namely, studying the knowledge flow among 35 technology fields and 39 science fields and estimating the impact of cited references on patent impact. The results show that the fields are heterogeneous in absorbing scientific knowledge and technological knowledge. The empirical models indicate that the knowledge depth of both science and technology show an inverted U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of former is steeper. The knowledge breadth of both science and technology present a U-shaped relationship with patent impact, while the curve of latter is steeper. We also explore the impact of time lags and time spread on citations and estimate their joint effects. Our study provides a new understanding of the convergence of scientific knowledge and technological knowledge to facilitate patent inventions.     

基于创新扩散理论的学术论文影响力广度研究

[目的/意义]采用被引次数衡量学术论文影响力存在诸多弊端。本文认为学术论文影响力包括其传播的深度、速度和广度3个方面，熵可用于衡量学术论文影响力传播的广度。[方法/过程]选择1901-2017年生物医学领域的诺贝尔奖论文作为最具影响力的论文纳入实验组，并根据1：1配对原则设立对照组，比较两组论文发表后5年内其施引文献所属学科数量、熵以及熵与被引次数的相关性。[结果/结论]实验组中65%以上的论文施引文献学科数量高于对照组；实验组熵的均值介于0.552-0.772，对照组介于0.251-0.481，有显著性差异（P<0.05）；两组论文的被引次数与熵的相关性较弱，均小于0.3。结果表明：①70%以上的高影响力论文在发表早期能够影响较多的学科；②采用熵对论文影响力广度进行识别具有可行性。     

期刊影响因子的偏差分析

从影响因子的定义出发,对各种能对影响因子产生不利影响的因素进行了分析.引证行为的不确定性、学科、源期刊库等的差异都给影响因子带来较大的偏差.在充分肯定影响因子的积极作用的前提下,也不容忽视其不利因素.     

The effect of citation behaviour on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure

Citation behaviour is the source driver of scientific dynamics, and it is essential to understand its effect on knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure. This study explores the effect of citation behaviour on disciplinary knowledge diffusion and intellectual structure by comparing three types of citation behaviour trends, namely the high citation trend, medium citation trend, and low citation trend. The diffusion power, diffusion speed, and diffusion breadth were calculated to quantify knowledge diffusion. The properties of the global and local citation network structure were used to reflect the particular influences of citation behaviour on the scientific intellectual structure. The primary empirical results show that (a) the high citation behaviour trend could improve the knowledge diffusion speed for papers with a short citation history span. Additionally, the medium citation trend has the broadest diffusion breadth whereas the low citation behaviour trend might make the citation counts take off for papers with a long citation history span; (b) the high citation trend has a stronger influence and greater control over the intellectual structure, but this relationship is true only for papers with a short or normal citation history span. These findings could play important roles in scientific research evaluation and impact prediction.     

专利引用分析方法与应用

概述专利引用分析方法和相关指标,并简单介绍引用分析工具。在此基础上结合情报研究实践,以分子设计育种领域为例,从国家、公司以及技术三个层面进行专利引用分析实证。在实证分析中,用专利引用时间间隔来揭示技术创新和技术吸收的速度;用基于自引和他引和组合分析来揭示机构的相对竞争态势;用交叉引用指数和共同引用指数来分析机构间的技术交叠程度;用专利引用树来揭示技术发展脉络。     

专利审查员引文的特征与价值

[目的/意义] 专利引文分析方法被广泛运用,但专利审查员引文的价值却常常被低估甚至误读,亟待澄清,这关乎专利文献内在机理的理解与专利文献潜在价值的挖掘。[方法/过程] 根据施引主体的不同,专利引文可分为申请人引文和审查员引文两类。比较表明,这两类引文有明显的区别特征。与申请人引文相比,专利审查员引文具有三大区别特征:一是施引专利与被引文献之间具有确定的技术相关性,二是格式规范、高度标准化,三是可获得性与数量优势明显。[结果/结论] 专利审查员引文的区别特征决定了其具有诉讼证据价值、知识交流和专利影响力的测量工具价值以及企业竞争情报价值。大数据技术的应用有助于专利审查员引文的价值实现,但其价值的深度挖掘还有待审查数据的充分公开、标引的规范和工具的优化。     

基于专利价值的技术成熟度测度与分析方法研究

本文从专利价值视角研究技术领域发展成熟度测度分析方法,以提升方法普适性、评价多维性以及分析结果客观性。基于专利价值构建出四个维度的技术成熟度指标体系,并采用主成分分析法对指标进行自动赋权,进而通过曲线拟合和发展阶段分界点计算,分析该领域技术发展成熟现状及未来发展趋势。运用本文模型对缓控释肥技术领域(由5299条专利数据构成)进行多维度技术成熟度评价分析,结果表明:该技术领域正处于快速成长阶段,预计在2024年进入技术发展成熟阶段。基于专利价值的技术成熟度分析方法一定程度上克服了单一指标评价和单一维度分析的片面性,相对客观全面地揭示了特定领域技术发展现状。     

Innography、WIPS和Patentics专利引文分析比较研究

[目的/意义]比较Innography、WIPS和Patentics3个专利检索系统的引文分析功能,旨在帮助用户识别满足自己需要的专利引文分析工具,同时提出进一步完善专利检索系统引文分析功能的建议。[方法/过程]通过比较3个专利检索系统引文收录范围、引文检索方式、前引后引查找功能、引文类型区分功能、非专利文献查找功能、可视化呈现功能和引文检索准确度,发现3个专利检索系统都具备基础的引文分析功能,但各有不足,难以满足现实需求。[结果/结论]Innography应加强数据清洗,WIPS需扩大引文收录范围,Patentics则要增强系统稳定性,三者在检索数据准确性方面都有待提高。     

基于全代引证网络的高影响力专利知识扩散特征研究

［目的/意义］ 基于专利的全代引证网络对专利进行分类,对高影响力专利的知识扩散特征进行分析,为专利影响力的认识和评估提供重要参考。［方法/过程］ 以生物学家悉尼·布伦纳的专利为例,研究其专利和前向引证专利生成的专利全代引证网络,根据专利的直接引证数量和引证长度两个对专利扩散发挥重要作用的因素将专利分为四类,将具有高被引数量长引证路径的专利定义为高影响力专利,对这种专利的知识扩散特征进行分析。［结果/结论］ 研究发现,在专利的全代引证网络中"关键专利""重要专利"和"隐藏的高影响力专利"对专利的扩散影响巨大,全代引证网络中专利的领域变化也体现了知识的流动现象,知识扩散速度可以通过数字直接刻画专利时序网络特点。结合研究结果,对高影响力专利的特点有了更具体的认识,并为高影响力专利的评价提出新的思路。     

运用专利引证开展技术热点监测的实证研究

分析目前利用专利文献进行技术热点监测的两种方法的不足,介绍一种基于专利引证的技术热点监测方法,包括该方法的理论依据、应用进展、详细设计流程,并利用DVD激光头技术进行实证研究,指出基于专利引证数据的热点监测方法更加科学、有效。