The Demand for Standardized Student Testing

What does the American public think about standardized testing? D o Americans test too much? Does the public believe that tests are a good way to learn about how well students are doing and to encourage them to d o better? What d o students, teachers, and administrators think?     

义务教育学校标准化建设的问题与对策研究

黑龙江省义务教育学校标准化建设存在的主要问题有：三级课程管理政策认识不到位;教育资源的配置不均衡;教师待遇低等问题,教师素质有待提高.应对策略：加强三级课程的管理与监督;切实建立＂以县为主＂的保障机制;加强教师队伍建设等.     

标准化测试在学校问责制中的角色——美国加州的经验教训

以一年或者更短的间隔为期,通过对学生进行标准化测试的方法,收集反映学生学习程度以及学校、教师教学能力的相关数据,是当前美国学校教育改革中的一个重要内容。文章以美国加利福尼亚州为例,考察了上述改革的实施情况,认为在《不让一个孩子掉队》（NCLB）法案推动下,相应的“学校文化”正在逐渐形成,即教师、学生和家长都开始认识到标准化测试在学生学业进步中的重要作用,成绩不好的学生也可以从中得到他们需要的帮助。在此过程中,一些在测试中成绩不佳的学校,可以以标准化测验的成绩为依据,转而雇佣职业素质更佳的校长与教师。然而,学校问责制对标准化测试的过分依赖也产生了一系列问题,如学校在有限的学科里减少与测试无关的课程安排,或者由于测试成绩不佳而惩罚一些在提高学生成绩方面能力有限的学校,包括那些学生大多是穷孩子或者移民后裔的学校。     

初中英语口语教学与测试模式研究与实践

本文结合教学实践,探讨了初中英语口语教学的几种模式以及口语测试和评价的具体操作方法,提出英语不仅是作为一种知识和技能,更要注重培养学生英语语言的综合运用能力。     

标准化病人情景模拟教学在实践教学中的应用效果探讨

该研究通过比较中医儿科学教学中引入标准化病人情景模拟教学模式与原有传统实践教学的差异发现,后期临床实习教学中加入设置情景和标准化病人教学方式,可显著提升学生对疾病的诊查能力和思辨能力,强化学生专业知识技能,也有助于教师教学业务水平的提高,适应现代社会的需要。     

测试的反拨作用与大学英语教学

测试对教学有极大的反拨作用，然而，在我国的大学英语教学实践中对此却不够重视，由此对大学英语教学改革产生了消极的影响。本通过探讨测试反作用于教学的工作机制，分析了外语测试对教学各方面的影响并对高校英语测试中存在的问题进行反思。章指出，从改革高校测试模式入手，才能真正推动大学英语改革。     

美国标准考试历史简介

标准考试是美国大学招考的重要形式,在美国已有50多年的历史.近年来,越来越多的大学开始重视标准考试.     

3S与中学地理教育探讨

针对3S技术在中学地理内容与方法上的地位提升,分析3S在中学地理教育中的重要作用。并通过内外发展现状的比较,重点分析了3S在国内中学地理教育应用中存在的问题与困境。在此基础上提出几点建设性的措施。     

Standardized Teacher Testing Fails Excellence and Validity Tests

This paper presents and critically analyzes data from a project that sought teacher candidates' responses to the process and content of the Ontario Teacher Qualifying Test (OTQT), a mandatory, standardized, pencil and paper initial teacher qualification test. The aim of the project, guided by a critical democratic perspective, was to critically assess the success of the OTQT in achieving the government's stated objectives of greater competency and accountability. More specifically, the paper focuses on findings relating to teacher competency, with particular reference to criterion, ecolological and consequential validity, and alternative assessment strategies. The teacher candidates' responses raise serious issues about the content and format of the test since they believe that it neither achieves accountability nor does it secure excellence in teaching. These concerns echo the major concerns found in the literature.     

The Use and Misuse of Standardized Testing: A Whiteheadian Point of View

First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators.     

The Impact of Language Testing on Language Teaching

Language testing is of great value in language teaching. This paper is intended to deal with its washback effects in the following aspects. On one hand, it explores the impacts of language testing on objects invovled. On the other hand, it directs at the positive and negative washback effects of testing on language teaching.     

Research On The Effects of Group Standardized Testing On Instruction,Pupils, and Teachers: New Directions for Policy

In response to an increasingly "test driven" approach to curriculum and instruction, a growing body of research is documenting the negative effects of standardized testing on instruction, pupils, and teachers. The curriculum has been narrowed to fit the tests, valuable instructional time is spent on test preparation, students are stressed by the preparation and the test-taking, and teachers are pressured to use unacceptable testing procedures which may even include blatant cheating. Students are subjected to instructional methods that provide them with test taking skills but no genuine understanding of the subject matter. Research supports that there is an urgent need for a change in testing policies. Massive standardized testing of young children must be eliminated. More authentic and performance based evaluation such as the development of student portfolios should be instituted. Attention to the negative effects of standardized testing and the elimination of such testing of young children is especially urgent in light of the current discussions centering on increasing the scope of national testing beginning with the administration of a school readiness instrument prior to school entry.     

Research On The Effects of Group Standardized Testing On Instruction, Pupils, and Teachers: New Directions for Policy

In response to an increasingly "test driven" approach to curriculum and instruction, a growing body of research is documenting the negative effects of standardized testing on instruction, pupils, and teachers. The curriculum has been narrowed to fit the tests, valuable instructional time is spent on test preparation, students are stressed by the preparation and the test-taking, and teachers are pressured to use unacceptable testing procedures which may even include blatant cheating. Students are subjected to instructional methods that provide them with test taking skills but no genuine understanding of the subject matter. Research supports that there is an urgent need for a change in testing policies. Massive standardized testing of young children must be eliminated. More authentic and performance based evaluation such as the development of student portfolios should be instituted. Attention to the negative effects of standardized testing and the elimination of such testing of young children is especially urgent in light of the current discussions centering on increasing the scope of national testing beginning with the administration of a school readiness instrument prior to school entry.     

中小学器乐演奏的教育价值

器乐演奏是整个音乐教育的重要内容，是学生学习音乐的重要艺术实践．是器乐教学的主要形式之一。乐器技能的训练，主要是通过手指的触摸动作来完成的，其手、足、眼、口、脑等多种器官的协调活动，大大激发大脑的整体协调能力，是全脑教育的有效方式。     

小学英语分层教学探究

根据目前的小学英语教育需求和学情现状来看班容量比较大,传统的班级授课方式存在着很大弊端,而运用分层教学能很好地弥补教学中的不足,在教学中能更好地尊重个体差异,因材施教,让不同层次的学生都保持积极的情绪,快乐地学习。通过目标分层、内容分层以及作业分层等方式达到优化教学的最终目的,能让每个学生在英语学习中都有不同层次的提高。分层是为了让学生达到无层的学习状态。     

小学数学教学策略研究

小学数学课堂教学应培养学生能从数学角度去思考问题、解决问题,从而提高学生实际应用能力,发展学生实践能力和创新能力。文章将从以上几个角度出发对小学数学教学的策略进行研究,以供参考。     

认识新国标强化标准化教学--关于《工程制图》国家标准的教学

依据机械制图国家标准的变化，加深对国家标准、标准化、CAD制图标准的认识，强化“制图的基本知识”教学．     

小学英语教学法探析

学英语基础阶段是关键,如何有效的进行小学英语教学是每个致力于小学英语教育及有能力培养子女的家长所关心的问题。研究小学英语教学法需要从从小学英语教师现状及多教学实践出发,深入探讨英语教学的关键在于小学英语教师需要注意自我提升以及在教学中不断创新与学生互动,做到在实践中总结方法。