14例巨大食管癌肉瘤的外科治疗研究

目的:依据食管癌肉瘤的临床、病理特点,探讨巨大食管癌肉瘤的外科治疗.方法:回顾性研究14例巨大食管癌肉瘤病人的临床资料.结果:巨大食管癌肉瘤多呈息肉型向腔内生长,一般不向周围组织浸润,淋巴结转移率低,外科手术根治性切除率高,术后生存率高.结论:巨大食管癌肉瘤具有特殊的生物学行为,术前充分评估,根治性切除手术后,预后佳.     

乳腺癌100例病理分析

目的探讨乳腺癌病理特点、诊断要点与预后。方法分析1964～2009年本院和外院会诊的乳腺活检共100例。结果浸润性导管癌占80％,浸润性小叶癌占8％,髓样癌占5％,粘液腺癌占4％,其它3％;高峰年龄段41--51岁,占41％。结论100例乳腺癌病例全部为浸润性癌,均为晚期就诊,影响乳腺癌预后最重要的因素是肿瘤的侵犯范围及肿瘤分化程度,规范的病理报告能帮助临床医师估计预后及选择最佳治疗方案,早发现、早诊断、早治疗对提高患者的生存率至关重要。     

再造生命之源

40年前,血液病被我国医学界视为"不治之症".40年后的今天,我国对一些恶性血液病的诊断和治疗已达到国际先进水平.急性再生障碍性贫血3个月的病死率已由60年代的91.6%下降到今天的20%,生存率从零上升到83.3%;成人急性髓系白血病完全缓解率达80%以上,缓解者5年生存率达46%,部分患者超过了10年,并且恢复了正常的生活.在血液病已不再是不治之症时,笔者采访了坐落在天津的中国医学科学院血液学研究所血液病医院这块再造生命之源的地方.     

核医学分子影像探针研发与转化

疾病的精准诊治一直是医学研究和临床实践的努力方向,其目的在于早发现、早治疗,从而有效减轻患者的个人痛苦和家人的精神、经济负担.以肿瘤为例,我国每年新增恶性肿瘤患者约200万人,临床统计表明,多数早期肿瘤患者(如甲状腺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌等)的5年生存率可达70％以上.此外,肾脏、肝脏等器官的急性疾病如未能实现早期干预,...     

口腔颌面部癌诊断和治疗分子靶点的确定和应用 ——2015年中华医学科技奖成果

口腔颌面-头颈部癌在发展中国家发病率逐年升高,应用常规诊治手段,患者5年生存率约为60%.进一步提高生存率和生存质量目前正遭遇全球性的技术瓶颈,主要是应用传统病理诊断技术,不能在治疗前对患者的复发、转移、放化疗耐受性和预后等重要生物学指标作出准确的判断,因此不可避免地导致"治疗不足"或"过度治疗".解决上述问题的关键是实施分子分型指导的个体化治疗策略,即"精准医学"."口腔颌面部癌诊断和治疗分子靶点的确定和应用"项目以口腔颌面部癌为研究对象,充分发挥该部位癌肿取材容易和观察方便的特点,利用各种组学技术和生物学方法,进一步阐明了口腔颌面部癌发病机制,确定了一批功能基因和诊治靶点,提出了有效的分子分类策略和靶向治疗方案,取得了一系列突破性研究成果.     

早期结肠癌的诊断现状

<正>结肠癌是临床上常见的恶性肿瘤,据统计,世界范围内结肠癌的发病率和死亡率在男性和女性患者中均位居第三位[1]。早期结肠癌患者5年生存率约90%,但晚期患者生存率仅为15%[2]。所以早期发现并确诊结肠癌,是提高其疗效及改善预后的关键问题。现阶段,早期结肠癌的诊断主要依靠:1粪便隐血试验(FOBT)结肠癌早期没有特征性预警信号,但异常增生的组织可有少量血液渗出,用化学和免疫学方法可检测出粪便中混入的微量血     

告别癌症的路还有多长？

肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和结直肠癌是人类最常见的癌症。但是随着治疗技术的完善、早期诊断方式的改进和生活方式的改变，癌症患者90％以上都可以存活5年。而且，从上个世纪90年代起，这些癌症的死亡率基本上都在以每年2％的比率递减。     

70例自发性气胸临床分析

对７０例自发性气胸进行了临床分析,自发性气胸多发于男性青少年,右侧多见,其中又 原发性气胸发生率为高（７１％）,继发性气胸原发病主要为慢性阻塞性肺部疾病和肺结核,部分（５１％）有明显诱因,复发率达２６％,卧床休息、胸腔抽气术、胸腔闭式引流术仍是目前应用最普遍的疗法,其总有效率达８５％,治疗中严重并发症为重复和张性肺水肿,少数病例需手术治疗。     

闭合性腹部外伤57例围手术期诊治分析

目的探讨基层医院闭合性腹部外伤围手术期诊断治疗.方法 对57例闭合性腹部外伤围手术期诊断治疗进行分析.结果 实质性脏器外伤28例,占49.1%,空腔脏器外伤29例,占50.8%,创伤性/失血性休克39例,占68.4%,腹膜下血肿13例,占22.9%,合并颅脑、胸、腹部、骨折外伤24例,占42%;腹腔穿刺阳性率94.7%,膈下游离气体阳性率46.6%,B超检查阳性率75%;治愈50例,生存率87.7%,死亡率12.2%,死亡原因不可逆性休克和MSOF.结论 闭合性腹部损伤,伤情危重,伤情复杂.及早院前急救,院内及时诊断治疗,腹腔穿刺简单可靠具有重要意义,B超、X线检查有一定参考价值,有效扩容纠正休克同时争取及早手术,早期防止感染及MSOF,是提高生存率及减少并发症唯一措施.     

高海拔地区189例痛风患者的护理

目的探讨高海拔地区(＞3000m,PO2＜75％)痛风患者有效的护理方法.方法 对2008年6月至2011年8月高海拔地区189例痛风患者给予吸氧、药物治疗、疼痛护理、运动饮食调控和健康教育,随访1年.结果 113例患者症状消失,血尿酸水平降低;64例患者症状改善;12例症状改善不明显.1年复发率为22.8％.结论对高海拔地区痛风患者采取有效的护理措施,特别是加强运动饮食调控和心理健康教育,有利于痛风患者症状改善和降低复发率.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.