核科技期刊中有关“系数”“因子”“比”表达存在的问题及其规范化建议

对核科技期刊中有关"系数""因子""比"组合的量名称表达问题作了归纳,并举例分析了处理方法。对规范此类量名称的方法提出了建议。认为统一它们的表达形式对准确传播科技信息很有必要。     

编辑加工中几个常见问题的规范表达

对科技编辑中容易出错的几个问题,如X射线衍射靶源、吨钢渣量与吨钢渣耗、传输速率与差错率等,分析了其物理意义,依据国家标准或规范,给出了其正确的表达形式.     

生物学论文中光照强度的误用辨析及思考

在中国知网以“光照强度”为检索词，对2020—2022年发表的300篇生物学论文进行统计，发现单位为lx、μW/cm²和μmol/(m²·s)的不同量却均以光照强度相称，误用比例高达88.67%。通过搜索GB/T 3102—1993《(所有部分)量和单位》、全国名词委官方网站的“术语在线”和百度文库，对光照强度的3种误用表现逐一溯源辨析，可知以lx为单位的量有明确的标准量名称，即“[光]照度”;单位μW/cm²对应的量名称为“辐[射]照度”,若论文中要强调是做光照辐射处理，可加上修饰词“光”以“光辐[射]照度”来表达；以μmol/(m²·s)为单位的量可与标准量“光子照度”对应，由于其多出现在植物光合特性研究的论文中，为体现行业特征，宜以“光合摩尔光子照度”或“摩尔光子照度”来表达。     

科技期刊中测井曲线图对象名称栏的规范表示

在石油天然气类期刊中经常会遇到测井曲线图。针对目前测井曲线图对象名称栏中存在的表达形式多样的问题,参照国家标准和行业标准,提出了作者所在编辑部规范对象名称栏编辑加工的方法:采用国家标准规定的量符号及单位表示对象名称;同一曲线道如果有多条曲线,则对象名称从上到下对应各曲线从左到右的顺序排列,并且采用底部对齐的方式;图件下方统一给出各量符号的说明。     

科技书刊中三元相图的规范表达与编辑加工

依据量和单位的国家标准与规范,结合三元相图的物理含义,分析科技书刊中三元相图表述不规范的问题,给出规范的表达形式。认为三元相图中不应以某组元的化学元素符号或分子式当作其量符号,各边的量含义应为某组元的质量分数或体积分数或摩尔分数,量符号应为w(组元)、w(组元),或φ(组元)、φ(组元),或x(组元)、x(组元),单位常用"%"。     

不要滥用"浓度"

在GB 3 10 2 .893中,浓度和物质的量浓度是同一个量名称的2种称谓,使用中可以互换,其法定单位为mol/m3 或mol/L。这就表明,只有物质的量浓度才可以用浓度替换,其他的量名称都不得称为浓度。然而,在科技书刊中,滥用浓度的现象非常普遍。例如:HCl的浓度为0 .5kg/m3 ;Ca的浓度为0 .2 0 ;H2 的浓度为0 .0 5 % ;O2 的浓度为3×10 18L-3 。这里的4个“浓度”都属于滥用,是错误的,应使用各自规范的量名称。它们的正确表述分别为:HCl的质量浓度为0 .5kg/m3 ,或ρ(HCl) =0 .5kg/m3 ;Ca的质量分数为0 .2 0 ,或w (Ca) =2 0 % ;H2 的体积分数为0 …     

X射线强度表达形式的规范化建议

X射线衍射技术是材料科学的重要研究方法,是材料微观组织分析和晶体结构分析的主要手段[1-2].X射线强度是X射线衍射技术的重要物理量之一,X射线强度为放射源放出的X射线的数目除以时间间隔,量符号为I[3].其表达形式对科技期刊编排的规范化具有重要意义.     

"质量比浓度"正确吗?

问在某刊中见到:“质量比浓度单位质量溶液中所含溶质的质量百分数,符号为%(m/m)。”这种说法正确吗?答不正确。1)没有“质量比浓度”这一量名称。此量规范名称应是“质量分数”或“质量比”,其符号为“w”。2)定义错误。如指某溶质的质量分数,定义应为“某溶质的质量除以溶液质量”。3)单位符号错误。质量分数的单位为“1”,也可用百分数表示,符号为“%”。在“%”后加“(m/m)”属干修饰单位符号,这是国际单位制不允许的。“质量比浓度”正确吗?@郝欣     

维修科学与技术中常用量符号的标准化

20世纪80年代以来,维修科学与技术迅速发展,产生了一些新的量.在使用中由于尚无规范化的量符号可供使用,作者和编者一般多照搬英文或英文的中译文,其中许多用法不符合国标[1]要求(参见表1):1)用量名称字母简写或多个字母表示量符号;2)量符号下标使用不规范,一是下标的正斜体不规范,二是下标使用汉语拼音,三是用汉字做下标;3)用多个量符号表示同一量;4)用同一量符号表示多种量等.     

坐标图上标值线的表达

标值线是坐标图的构成要素之一(坐标线上无标值的坐标图除外),对于它的正确表达(即绘制)尚未见有关的标准或规范。故此,造成它的长短、粗细和疏密程度等不一。有的标值线画得太长,其长度是粗线条宽度的好几倍;有的又画得太短,只有一丁点儿,好似一个点。有的标值线画得太粗,其宽度与粗线条一样;有的又画得太细,令人看不分明。有的坐标线上密密麻麻画的全是标值线;有的仅在终点处画了一根;有的干脆不画标值线,只是在坐标线相对应的位置上贴上标值而已。有的坐标线上末尾一根标值线未包容坐标内的线条或坐标点;有的又包容过余。     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.     

Communicating With Bank Stakeholders During Recession: Why It's Important,Who Is Doing It,and How to Stay in the Loop

This study explores the attitudes and actions of bank managers toward communication spending during recession. Results of this study indicate that organizational leaders cut communication spending early during recession and also erroneously rely on the bank's financials to mitigate irrational customer withdrawals. This research is used to illustrate the need for public librarians to meet the needs of bank stakeholders when their institution ceases to communicate during crises, for academic librarians to educate students in undergraduate and graduate programs regarding heightened information needs during recession, and for corporate librarians to understand a potential avenue for competitive advantage during recession.