教师职前教育中“实践性知识”的获取

关于什么是教师实践性知识，有学者认为“教师的实践性知识是教师真正信奉的，拼在其教育教学实践中实际使用和表现出来的对教育教学的认识。”还有学者认为“实践性知识是指基于理论知识与教师个人经验的，在特定的教育教学情境下形成的，支配着教师具体选择与判断的综合性知识。”它不是理论性知识在实践中的直接运用，而是理论知识在与实践情境相结合中得到理解后形成的指导实践的知识系统，具有明显的情境性、个体性、默会性及综合性等特点。     

教师实践性知识新探

20世纪80年代以来,实践性知识引起了人们广泛的关注,关于教师实践性知识的探讨也越来越多。笔者认为,教师的实践性知识是"在教育、教学实践中,能够被教师本人直接并迅速调用的知识"。与其相对应的不应是"理论性知识",而应是"前实践性知识"。"前实践性知识"通过教师的反思与内化,与教师原有的实践性知识相结合,形成教师新的"实践性知识",而新产生的"实践性知识"又将指导教师对"前实践性知识"的理解。生活中的一切都有可能触发教师实践性知识的产生。     

教师实践性知识形成机制浅论

可以把教师的实践性知识划分为可言传的与难以言传的两类知识。教师的实践性知识是通过教师的内隐学习与外显学习获得的。影响教师实践性知识获得的内因有教师的职业理想与动机水平、原有的知识背景、理论学习状况和自我反思意识等,外部因素则主要是社会和学校氛围。     

教师实践性知识的结构研究

随着认知心理学的兴起和发展,研究者将教师的教学活动看成是一种认知活动,并逐渐展开了教师知识的研究。在研究教师知识的过程中,波兰尼的个人知识、施瓦布的实践性样式、舍恩的反思性实践者等概念的提出和相关研究奠定了教师实践性知识研究的基础。1981年,艾尔贝兹正式提出了教师实践性知识的概念并作了进一步研究,克兰迪宁和康纳利的研究进一步推动了教师实践性知识的研究。如今,     

教师实践性知识与教师专业发展

一、什么是教师实践性知识 1．教师实践性知识的定义 教师的知识可以分为两类：“理论性知识”和“实践性知识”。前者通常可以通过阅读和听讲座获得，包括各种学科内容、教育学知识、心理学知识等原理性知识。后者包括教师在教育教学实践中实际使用中表现出来的知识。前者通常停留在教师的头脑里和口头上，是教师根据某些外在标准认为应该如此的理论；而后者是教师内心真正信奉的、在日常工作中实际使用的理论，支配着教师的思想和行为，体现在教师的教育教学行动中。这就是为什么有些师范毕业生学了一整套教育学、教学法的理论知识却不会教学；为什么有些教师能说一整套现代教育的新理念、新原则而实际上却奉行着传统教育的老套做法的原因。     

教师实践性知识的分类学研究

教师实践性知识是多成份的有机体。教师实践性知识呈现理论型实践性知识、技能型实践性知识和智慧型实践性知识三种不同的形态。三种类型的实践性知识既存在于教师个体的实践性知识之中,也存在于教师专业发展的不同阶段。     

教师的实践性知识

汪贤泽在《全球教育展望》2009年第3期上撰文认为，教师的实践性知识作为一种独特的教师知识形式与其职业环境密切相关。教师在教学实践中的独特认知不是一种理论性的行为，他们面对的是不断变化的教学实践情境，这就决定了教师的实践性知识是在教育情境中以经验为基础的自我设定，     

解析教师实践性知识

教师实践性知识的提出将教学作为一种专门职业的独特性突显出来,在教师专业素养构成中具有独特的规定性与不可替代性,给予教师实践性知识存在与发展的合法空间是教师获得专业成长的重要条件。教师的实践性知识是指教师在实践中将已有的理论知识或技术知识作为基础,结合具体情境建构的知识,不仅包括教师在教学实际工作中通过"行动中反思",不断探索而获得的对具体实践性活动行之有效的各种知识,还包括教师对理论     

西方教师实践性知识研究进展

教师实践性知识是教师在课堂情境和实践困境中实施有目的行动的知识。近年来,西方教师实践性知识在研究视角上,重视专业知识场景、生态学及话语等不同角度的研究;在研究主题上,侧重教学知识、教师实践性知识推理,以及教师身份、信念与实践性知识的融合研究;在研究方式上,倡导合作分享的研究;在研究方法上主张多元方法与理论的综合运用;在研究价值取向上,试图超越知识的纯粹个体性,探寻知识的个体性与普遍性、情境性与抽象性相统一的特征。     

论教师实践性知识的内涵与结构

教师实践性知识可从广义和狭义两个方面界定其内涵,其构成在纵向上可区分为信奉的实践性知识和使用的实践性知识。基于这样的内涵界定和结构分析,通过对新教师、专家教师与有经验教师进行比较的视角,人们可以动态地了解教师实践性知识各部分间的关系,进而促进教师调整自己的信奉,加强理论知识的学习和实践性知识的理论化。     

基于实践性知识的教师博客研究

本研究运用叙述探究的方法,就博客促使教师个人实践性知识的提升问题对一位高中特级教师陶川的博客及陶川本人进行了深入研究,得出了初步的结论:教师实践知识在博客的探索中积淀,在博客的坚持中生成,在博客的交流中升华。     

实践性知识:教师专业发展的知识基础

教师在从事日常教育教学工作中自身如何发展 ?教师的专业发展具有什么知识基础 ?为什么教师学了教育学、心理学 ,还是不会教书 ?教师如何提高自我专业发展的意识和能力 ?———这些问题是本文探讨的焦点。文章从教师的知识构成入手 ,将教师的知识分成“理论性知识”和“实践性知识” ,然后对教师实践性知识的定义、内容、状态和形成机制进行分析 ,并强调了“教师实践性知识”这一概念的赋权意义和专业建设意义。     

教育自传中的个人知识:关于"好教师"的调查研究

研究"好教师"的特征可以通过多种途径。研究者既可以直接观察教师的行为,也可以阅读教师本人撰写的专业论文,但真正有效的路径是让教师讲述自己的教育自传或个人生活史,让有关"好教师"的个人知识在教师的个人生活史的叙述中间接地显露出来。从大量的教育自传中,本研究得出基本结论认为:好教师有两个基本特征,一是那个教师"对我好";二是那个教师"有激情"。     

TALKING ABOUT OUR TROUBLES: USING VIDEO-BASED DIALOGUE TO BUILD PRESERVICE TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE

This study investigates the preservice teacher learning in the context of conversations about their field-based challenges. First, a review of the literature explores studies that highlight the role of evidence-based conversation as a mechanism to approach the inevitable problems faced by teachers in the classroom. The subsequent case study provides an analysis of how a group of preservice teachers approached a colleague's challenge through a structured conversation and used digital videotapes and artifacts to add specificity to their analysis. The study's implications suggest how constructive and critical conversations between prospective teachers can play an important role in their professional development.     

PRESERVICE TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE,ATTITUDES, AND PERCEPTION OF THEIR PREPARATION TO TEACH MULTILITERACIES/MULTIMODALITY

The need to prepare literacy teachers to integrate new literacies into their teaching practices is becoming increasingly urgent. This is because the advent of the computer is fundamentally changing the notion of literacy and also profoundly shifting literacy instruction and the way students learn. The research objective of this study was, therefore, to examine preservice teachers' (N = 48) knowledge of and perceptions of their teacher education preparation to teach multimodality/multiliteracies. Data were collected through qualitative and quantitative responses from the participants. Results of the data analysis suggested that the participants were aware of the impact of the new communication technologies on literacy forms, practices, knowledge, and literacy learning and instruction. However, the participants did not only express concerns regarding the adequacy of their preparation to teach new literacies, they also noted the constraints coming from schools and school districts. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

HOMOSEXUALITY AND NORMALITY: BASIC KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SCHOOL CONSULTATION

In the United States, controversy persists regarding what it means for heterosexuality to be the norm, or more pointedly, what it means for those not strictly heterosexual to be outside the norm. It is important that consultants in schools be aware of the current state of research bearing on homosexuality. Consultation provides a viable approach to assist educators with the questions that students, parents, teachers, and administrators themselves may be asking: What is homosexuality? Is heterosexuality the only natural sexual orientation? Can lesbian, gay, and bisexual people be psychologically healthy? Are the children of lesbian and gay parents “at risk”? Can one become ungay? What about a gay or lesbian teacher? This article explores these questions with particular attention to how consultation may be used to promote educational practices that foster positive school environments for all students.     

RULES, TECHNIQUE, AND PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE: A WITTGENSTEINIAN EXPLORATION OF VOCATIONAL LEARNING

A bstract .  In this essay, Christopher Winch explores the relevance of Ludwig Wittgenstein's account of rule-following to vocational education with particular reference to the often-made claim that any account of an activity in terms of rule-following implies rigidity and inflexibility. He argues that most rule-following is only successful when it involves a degree of flexibility. For instance, most technical work that involves rule-following requires flexibility and situational awareness for success. Technical education that fails to take account of the need to apply rules in a way that accounts for a wide variety of situations is likely to be unsuccessful. Winch offers an account of professional judgment based on Stephen Toulmin's theory of argumentation and discusses progression from novice to expert in terms of Toulmin's analysis. He also considers the relation between vocational education and other practices in the context of the wider civic implications of occupational practice.     

影响双师型教师队伍建设的因素和对策

双师型教师是落实高职教育特色的关键，随着高职教育的飞速发展，双师型教师已成为高职教育发展的瓶颈，正确理解其内涵，分析各种影响因素，有利于寻找出一条加速双师型教师队伍建设的途径。