企业科技协同创新的经验与启示

我国企业科技协同创新模式可分为内部科技协同创新模式和外部科技协同创新模式.两种模式在企业科技创新过程中是相辅相成、密不可分的.企业应联合各科技创新主体共同努力,提升企业科技协同创新的绩效.     

技术距离、地理距离与大学-企业协同创新效应——基于联合专利数据的研究

协同创新在实施创新驱动发展战略过程中起到十分重要的作用.以中国大学和企业为研究对象,选取了13所大学及与之协同创新的191个企业作为样本,用大学-企业联合申请的发明专利数作为测度两者协同创新绩效的指标,运用负二项式回归模型,对技术距离、地理距离对中国大学-企业协同创新绩效的影响进行了探索.实证结果表明:技术距离对大学-企业协同创新绩效具有显著的促进作用,地理距离对大学-企业协同创新绩效具有显著的抑制作用,且正效应大于负效应.最后,根据研究结果有针对性地提出了政策建议.     

产学研协同创新的组织模式及运行机制研究

产学研协同创新的组织模式直接决定着科技创新及其成果转化的效率.本文对企业主导型、大学或科研院所主导型及政府主导型三种产学研协同创新的组织模式进行了横向比较分析,并且重点阐述了以企业为主体的产学研协同创新的运行机制,以期为产学研协同创新各方面提供参考依据,进一步推动产学研协同创新的发展.     

企业创新网络协同影响因素研究

创新协同不仅会提升企业创新网络的创新绩效,还会提高企业创新网络组织的稳定性,因此研究创新协同的影响因素对于企业创新网络有着非常重要的意义.在文献梳理的基础上,根据企业创新网络的特点和创新过程,从个体层、节点间关系层、企业创新网络内环境、企业创新网络外环境4个维度归纳提炼创新协同的11个主要影响因素,并运用解释结构模型将影响因素划分为4个层级,指出创新协同影响因素的影响路径为:企业创新网络外部环境——个体层因素——企业创新网络内部环境——节点间关系层因素.政府主导在所有影响因素中起关键作用,通过对市场调节与政策制度影响资源配置和协同创新政策支持进而影响创新协同.     

基于改进Logistic的供需网企业知识协同创新与合作稳定性研究

基于改进Logistic模型,以节点企业的知识存量指标为量化分析指数,分析供需网企业知识协同创新的动态演化过程.通过对供需网中合作体企业与其成员企业之间的知识协同创新,以及合作体成员企业之间的知识协同创新建模仿真研究,定义企业创新驱动水平,并得出企业创新驱动水平是否相当是维持供需网企业知识协同创新能否高效益持续稳定发展的必要条件,创新驱动水平较低的企业可以通过“阶梯式”的方式实现自身创新驱动水平的螺旋式稳定提升.     

生态型产学研用协同创新网络构建与机制研究——模块化视角

桥接模块化理论和产学研用协同创新理论,构建了一种生态型产学研用协同创新网络,设计了相应的运行机制.结合案例研究发现:通过解构提升创新竞争力的价值信条并赋予相应模块,可以在平衡企业的创新策略前提下有针对性地整合外部资源开展协同创新;以需求为导向、领导企业为核心,融合大学、科研院所、供应商等创新主体在内的生态型产学研用协同创新网络有利于加强能力互补、协调分工,加速技术创新→产品创新→商业化的过渡;将模块化嵌入产学研用协同创新网络并辅以相关运行机制,可以改进协同创新效率.     

制造业企业产品与工艺创新协同发展的政府行为研究

产品创新与工艺创新的协同发展程度能够直接反应出制造业企业自主创新能力的高低,而政府在促进制造业企业产品创新与工艺创新协同发展方面具有不可或缺的作用.因此,通过完善财税政策体系、培养复合型人才、加快政府信息平台建设、转变政府宏观管理职能,从政策导向、社会化服务、信息化服务.宏观管理等四个方面对制造业企业产品创新与工艺创新协同发展的政府行为进行了深入研究.     

高新技术企业供应链关系与创新绩效协同度研究

针对高新技术企业供应链关系与创新绩效协同发展问题,基于复合系统协同度模型,构建了供应链关系与创新绩效复合系统指标体系,选取145家A股上市高新技术企业,测算2012—2019年高新技术企业供应链关系与创新绩效复合系统协同度.结果表明,我国高新技术企业供应链关系与创新绩效协同度水平较低,但呈现良好正向增长趋势,二者良性互动作用正在建立,协同发展水平有较大提升空间;供应链关系子系统与创新绩效子系统有序度均处于上升状态,但2个子系统有序度尚未实现同步稳定增长.     

协同知识创新研究综述

给出了企业协同知识创新的研究综述,试图以此理解协同知识创新的发展和研究状况,同时,帮助企业在复杂的知识资源环境下,制定知识创新的策略,实现内、外知识资源的优化整合、共享和协同利用,提高企业的知识创新能力.     

基于BP神经网络的客户协同创新工作评价研究

客户协同创新作为产品创新的主要形式之一受到人们的广泛关注.如何客观、科学、有效地评价客户协同产品创新工作的效率,时于企业提高创新产出绩效具有重要的意义.针对这一问题,首先对客户协同创新工作框架进行了阐述,研究了客户协同创新工作的特点,建立了客户协同创新工作评价的BEP模型;其次,构建了客户协同创新工作的评价指标体系,提出了基于BP网络的评价方法;最后,应用实例表明该评价方法的有效性和可行性.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.