国家星火计划管理办法

关于星火计划: 星火计划是党中央、国务院批准实施的依靠科技进步、振兴农村经济、普及科学技术、带动农民致富的指导性科技计划,是我国国民经济和社会发展计划及科技发展计划的一个重要组成部分.     

农村生态文明建设的科技需求及对策

农村生态文明建设是要创设经济社会与资源、环境相协调的可持续发展模式。当前,农业持续发展、农村环境保护和农民能源利用方式迫切需要科技的支撑。科技进步是建设农村生态文明的重要途径。以科技进步为动力,推动农业可持续发展;以科技进步为支撑,治理农村环境污染;以科技创新为途径,优化农村能源消费结构;以科技教育为手段,提高农民科技素质。     

农业科技进步政策初论

本文认为,制定农业科技进步政策的依据是:农业科技进步自身的规律性、社会经济发展水平、资源的供给水平和结构、农村产业政策、农业科技现状等;现阶段我国农业科技进步政策的内容包括:农业科技进步的方向和重点、农业科技管理政策、农业科学技术结构政策;实施农业科技进步政策必须优化经济环境、强化农业是国民经济基础的思想和科技兴农的观念、加强农村社会基层组织的建设并健全社会化服务体系、制定配套的财政金融政策、提高农民的科学文化素质。     

加强农技协建设促进地方经济发展——对荆州市沙市区农技协发展的调查与思考

农村专业技术协会是由从事农业、农村专业技术研究和科学普及推广的科技工作者、专业技术能手、广大农民自愿组成并依法琶记成立的社会公益性科普社团,是党和政府联系农业、农村专业技术研究和科普工作者的桥梁和纽带,是发展我国农业和农村科普事业,推进农业和农村科技进步和经济发展的重要社会力量.     

我国改革开放30年水利科技贡献率的测度

在生产函数的基础上,应用索洛增长速度方程,采用余值法对我国改革开放30年来水利科技贡献份额进行了定量测定.测定过程中,使用回归分析的方法对资金与劳动产出弹性作了估算.结果表明,改革开放30年间,我国水利科技进步贡献率经历了稳步的增长过程,对促进国民经济增长起到了显著的作用.     

《新疆农业科学》在新疆科技进步、自主创新中的作用与实践

2011年是国务院颁布实施《国家科学技术奖励条例》(以下简称《条例》)12周年,12年来,我国的科技奖励工作取得了长足发展。12年来,新疆的科技奖励也得到了较为快速的发展,对新疆科技进步、自主创新、社会经济的发展起到了激励和推动作用。本文从国家实施科技奖励政策后2001～2011年间《新疆农业科学》的实际出发,阐述了《新疆农业科学》在新疆地区科技进步、自主创新中的作用与实践。     

星火映红江河源——星火计划回顾与展望

星火计划是我国科技界的一项创举,它把先进、成熟适用的科学技术引向农村经济建设的实践中,是推动农村科技进步、引导农村脱贫致富的有效途径。自星火计划在青海省实施以来,科技星火已燃遍高原,它不仅受到了广大农牧民的热情欢迎,也赢得了社会各界的广泛关注和支持。青海省10年间,共组织实施国家和省级星火项目186项,覆盖了全省所有的8个州(地、市)及80％以上的县,直接培训星火人才56万人次。通过星火计划,全省开发新产品近百种,引导农村剩余劳动力转向乡镇企业和其它中小企业,引进技术,开发资源,促进农     

拓宽科技投入渠道

“科学技术要面向经济建设,经济建设要依靠科技进步”.这是现阶段我国科技工作的总方针,但是,人们强调科技进步对经济发展有巨大促进作用的同时,却忽视了经济发展对科技进步的反作用;在注重经济发展中科技进步贡献的同时,却忽视了科技经费投入的不足和投入渠道的单一.大量的科技人员仅仅依靠各级政府部门的科技经费从事科学研究和技术开发工作,企业及全社会对科技工作的投入经费相对不足.因此,加强科技经费投入力度,拓宽科技投入渠道,促进全社会的 科技进步,实现经济增长模式的转化,是亟待解决的问题.     

科技进步、人力资本与西部地区农村贫困减缓——基于省级面板数据的实证研究

运用贫困发生率、贫困差距指数和总体贫困指数分析了我国西部地区农村贫困的状况及其变化趋势,并利用2000—2012年西部6省份省级面板数据实证研究了科技进步、人力资本对农村贫困减缓的作用,研究发现科技进步和人力资本能够对贫困减缓产生显著的正影响,同时市场化水平和城镇化水平也有利于贫困减缓,而收入分配和农业比重不利于贫困减缓,经济增长和公共支出对贫困减缓的作用不显著。根据实证分析,提出可把科技作为西部地区农村减贫的重要基础和长效机制、加大对西部地区的科技投入、把提升人力资本水平作为农村减贫的战略手段等对策建议。     

我国科教兴农的战略地位

科教兴农是我国农业向现代化农业迈进的一项重大举措,是促进农村科技进步、提高生产力水平的重要措施。本文结合我国农业科技发展的现状,阐明了科教兴农的战略地位及作用,提出了科教兴农的作法和经验     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence