宁波发现早期民信封

宁波曹氏从上海全泰洽信局邮递北淮安古封，前笔在年代界定上有误，近据张介人提供实物资料证明，此封应是清咸丰四年（1854）之物，是一件非常难得能够实证早期民信局历史的珍贵物。半个多世纪以来人们所知存世最早的民信局实寄封是姜治方捐献的清咸丰九年（1859）宜兴寄北京封，现存中国邮政傅物馆，曹氏封较其提前了五年。     

中国银行伍圆券加盖“香港政府壹圆”

1841年（道光二十一年）1月26日。第一次鸦片战争后,英国强占香港岛。1842年8月29日,清政府与英国签订不平等的《南京条约》（原名称《江宁条约》）,割让香港岛给英国。1860年（咸丰十年）10月24日,中英签订不平等的《北京条约》,割让九龙半岛界限街以南地区给英国。     

孙膑与庞涓 战国谋略与围棋

最早耳闻《东周列国志》是十余年前在河南围棋队训练时。那天,我的老师黄进先先生看起来很高兴,对我们谈起在旧市场淘到一本叫《东周列国志》的书。书的版本较早,卖得又便宜,黄老师这样爱书的人无异于如获至宝。我那时历史书读得不多,但看到黄老师得意的神情,就把书名记下了。     

从《泉志》中找寻遗失的历史信息

《泉志》是我国现存最早的钱币学著作,作者为宋代人洪遵(1120年至1174年)。说到中国古代关于钱的专著,《泉志》并不是最早的。据《隋书·经籍志》记载,南朝萧梁时期顾垣就已经编写了一部《钱谱》,也称《顾垣钱谱》。《泉志》序言云:“岁益久,类多湮没无传。梁顾垣始为之书。凡历代造立之原,若大小、重轻之度,皆有伦序,使后乎此者可以概见。”     

和式太极拳精要十八式图解（上）

和式太极拳系河南温县赵堡镇人和兆元(1810～1890)创编。和兆元自幼习武，师承本镇一代太极拳名师陈清平。清咸丰年间，礼部尚书李棠阶邀其进京，和兆元武功精湛，曾统领清宫大内侍卫，官授“武信郎”。和兆元在京期间，精研武学，集思广益，融合老、庄之道，医家之学，《周易》《中庸》之理，创编了一套集拳、功、理为一体的新型太极拳——“代理架”，即和式太极拳。     

武当金顶喋血记

在武当山太子坡二宫门和南岩千步梁下,金仙洞附近刻有清朝咸丰帝为观察使唐训方所树的三块碑刻与摩崖。通过考查印证,碑文在《均州志》与《近代史资料》中都记述了武当金顶清末最后一支农民起义军——捻军与唐训方官兵殊死搏斗的史实,故综述为记。清咸丰三年（公元1853年）,太平军攻克南京,改名“天京”,颁布了《天朝田亩制度》。不久,捻军在襄阳起义响应,首领高二先于咸丰六年率领十万农民起义军,一举攻破樊城,清军首领马方伯被诛戮。清廷大震,火速派兵遣将与捻军在鄂西北武当山一带大战八个月。     

翁同龢跋《道德经》

此《道德经》二卷（图1）2006年秋现身于嘉德拍场,底价8000元,拍品说明称其为＂明崇祯五年（1632年）刻本＂。是书无牌记,＂明崇祯五年刻本＂之依据或为前序中有＂皇明崇祯壬申鹿城顾锡畴题于三乐堂＂之句。以序中年款为判断古书年代之依据,颇令人疑,因为后世翻刻者亦往往连旧序一并翻刻,故此年款仅能说明此版本最早年限为崇祯壬申。是书每页9行,每行19字,白口,四周单边。检索《中国善本书总目》所载《道德经》,无此行格本;三乐堂亦鲜有所闻,或为顾锡畴之堂号。其序尚言：＂新安友人汪     

清代税收印花及印花税票（下）

近年来,一些不法分子为了达到营利之目的,运用现代科技臆造了一些假“大清印花税票”,如图11-1宣统大清印花税票红陆拾、图11—2大清印花税票褚色陆拾（加盖“清宣统一年上海印花朵云轩”）、图11—3宣统大清印花税的翻版本,且无英文表述;图116为1992～9《三国演义》（第三组）邮票“智激孙权”30分,且没有面值单位和英文表述;     

武术概念新论

1 关于武术的概念 “武术”一词在史料中最早出现在南朝刘宋颜延之的《皇太子释奠会作》，其曰“偃闭武术．阐扬文令”。文中“武术”指军事而言。而真正意义上与我们当今所认识的意义基本一致的“武术”始于晚清。1908年7月的《东方杂志》第6期上引载了7月12日《神州日报》的一篇文章，名曰“论今日国民宜崇旧有之武术”。     

螳螂拳史源考述

螳螂拳在清初由王郎创立,此说现已成定论。武术界人士在所能见到的清以前武术方面及其相关的书籍中,都没见螳螂拳的蛛丝马迹。乾隆时出现了关于记载螳螂拳的《罗汉行功全谱》,咸丰五年被篡改后,称谓《少林衣钵真传》(又称《短打秘钥》),谱中载有十八拳家,末家即是"王郎的螳螂总敌(揽)",今考此为王郎创螳螂拳说法最早的来源依据。所谓《少林衣钵真传》,原名《罗汉行功全谱》,乾隆二十七年(1762年),升霄道人著。螳螂拳的创编及流传,多赖此书著者,了解此书谱才能阐明螳螂拳史源。下面逐一考述。     

对我国高等院校体育俱乐部的研究

越来越多的高校以体育俱乐部的形式进行了教学改革,但目前对高校体育俱乐部的研究存在着概念模糊、分类不准确、定性不明确等问题,结合理论与实践对以上问题进行了分析,并提出了自己的见解。     

Changes in repeated-sprint performance in relation to change in locomotor profile in highly-trained young soccer players

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of changes in maximal aerobic (MAS) and sprinting (MSS) speeds and the anaerobic reserve (ASR) on repeated-sprint performance. Two hundred and seventy highly-trained soccer players (14.5 ± 1.6 year) completed three times per season (over 5 years) a maximal incremental running test to approach MAS, a 40-m sprint with 10-m splits to assess MSS and a repeated-sprint test (10 × 30-m sprints), where best (RSb) and mean (RSm) sprint times, and percentage of speed decrement (%Dec) were calculated. ASR was calculated as MSS-MAS. While ?RSb were related to ?MSS and ?body mass (r² = 0.42, 90%CL[0.34;0.49] for the overall multiple regression, n = 334), ?RSm was also correlated with ?MAS and ?sum of 7 skinfolds (r² = 0.43 [0.35;0.50], n = 334). There was a small and positive association between ?%Dec and ?MAS (r² = 0.02 [?0.07;0.11], n = 334). Substantial ?MSS and ?MAS had a predictive value of 70 and 55% for ?RSm, respectively. Finally, ?ASR per se was not predictive of ?RSm (Cohen’s = +0.8 to ?0.3 with increased ASR), but the greater magnitude of ?RSm improvement was observed when MSS, MAS and ASR increased together (0.8 vs. +0.4 with ASR increased vs. not, additionally to MSS and MAS). Low-cost field tests aimed at assessing maximal sprinting and aerobic speeds can be used to monitor ?RS performance.     

论新生活运动正当娱乐中的体育

新生活运动历时15年,涉及到了国民生活的方方面面。娱乐作为生活的重要组成部分,也受到新生活运动的影响。为了纠正社会上根深蒂固的“烟”、“赌”和“娼”等不良风气,新生活运动组织十分重视对正当娱乐的提倡,对体育尤为重视。蒋介石本人在新生活运动周年纪念大会上专门提到过体育问题。体育活动曾被作为新生活运动的年度中心工作或者工作要点来开展。虽然最后对体育的提倡没有达到十分理想的效果,但确实引导了国民的健康观念。新生活运动组织还培养了数量不多的体育人员,为近代体育的发展注入了动力。     

2004年上海市竞技体育后备人才运动成绩比较分析

运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计研究方法,对上海市二、三线运动员2004年参加全国比赛前三名的成绩进行分析,并与部分省市二、三线运动员成绩比较。结果表明:上海市竞技体育后备人才部分项目在全国保持一定优势,但后备人才严重匮乏;未来几年比赛夺金人员缺乏;部分项目与其它省市有较大的差距;其它省市对上海优势项目构成较大威胁。     

武汉市城镇居民体育消费现状的调查与分析

运用问卷调查和文献资料等方法,对武汉市居民体育消费水平、体育消费结构、体育消费影响因素、体育消费发展趋势等进行了分析研究。结果表明:居民对体育的功能和作用有深刻认识,但由于经济因素和传统习惯等影响,保守性消费观念仍占主导地位;体育消费的绝对水平较10年前大幅增长,但相对水平涨幅不大。     

Physiotherapy in Critical Care in Australia

A physiotherapist is part of the multidisciplinary team in most intensive care units in Australia. Physiotherapists are primary contact practitioners and use a comprehensive multisystem assessment that includes the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems to formulate individualized treatment plans. The traditional focus of treatment has been the respiratory management of both intubated and spontaneously breathing patients. However, the emerging evidence of the longstanding physical impairment suffered by survivors of intensive care has resulted in physiotherapists re-evaluating treatment priorities to include exercise rehabilitation as a part of standard clinical practice. The goals of respiratory physiotherapy management are to promote secretion clearance, maintain or recruit lung volume, optimize oxygenation, and prevent respiratory complications in both the intubated and spontaneously breathing patient. In the intubated patient, physiotherapists commonly employ manual and ventilator hyperinflation and positioning as treatment techniques whilst in the spontaneously breathing patients there is an emphasis on mobilization. Physiotherapists predominantly use functional activities for the rehabilitation of the critically ill patient in intensive care. While variability exists between states and centers, Australian physiotherapists actively treat critically ill patients targeting interventions based upon research evidence and individualized assessment. A trend toward more emphasis on exercise rehabilitation over respiratory management is evident.Key Words: physiotherapy, intensive care     

Changes in leg kinematics in response to unpredictability in lateral jump execution

Abstract

Lateral movements like cutting are essential in many team sport disciplines. The aim of the present study was to analyse adaptations in motor control in response to task unpredictability during lateral movement execution. Twelve subjects performed lateral jumps with different landing modalities (stable, sliding or counteracting) that were either known (predictable setting) or unknown (unpredictable setting) prior to movement execution. Results revealed that regardless of the landing modality, hip joint abduction was significantly greater in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. Furthermore, during the sliding landing modality, hip flexion decreased from 211 ± 7° to 207 ± 7° and knee flexion decreased from 26 ± 4° to 24 ± 4° at the instant of ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable condition. During the stable landing modality, the knee joint abduction increased from ?0.3 ± 6° to ?3 ± 6° after initial ground contact in the unpredictable compared to predictable setting. The present results support our hypothesis that pre-programmed motor activity depends on the predictability of the landing modality during lateral movements. According to its adaptation in the frontal plane and in some extent in the sagittal plane, the hip joint seems to play the major role in the modulation of the pre-programmed activity for successful lateral jump execution in an unpredictable setting. However, these kinematic adaptations are concerning since these changes were associated with higher knee abduction during the stable landing modality and therefore with possible higher risk of injury.     

“体育强市”视域下上海市公共体育服务研究

公共体育服务是上海“体育强市”建设的基础支撑.“十一五”时期,上海市公共体育服务制度化建设逐渐加强,便民化设施不断增多,系列化活动初具规模,但仍面临着“制度设计”执行不力、“多元主体”供给失衡、“以需定供”尚未畅通等困境.在建设“体育强市”的过程中,应夯实公共体育服务基础,丰富公共体育服务内涵,培育公共体育服务多元主体,构建公共体育服务评价机制.     

论面向21世纪高等医学院校的体育改革

面对21世纪,高等医学院校体育教育改革应给学生全方位的体育教育,尤其要结合医学专业特点,提高选择和制定运动处方及指导监督他人体育健身康复的能力。