Beyond Beliefs: Parent and Child Behaviors and Children''s Perceived Academic Competence

Examined the relations of parent and child behaviors with children's perceptions of their academic competence. 74 high-achieving third-grade children, with varying levels of perceived academic competence, were observed working with mothers and fathers both on solvable tasks (Period 1) and during a period that included some unsolvable tasks (Period 2). Results indicated that children's perceived academic competence was positively related to father warmth, both at Period 1 and at Period 2. Children's perceived academic competence was also positively related to their own behavior when working with fathers at Period 2. Specifically, children with higher perceived academic competence showed more emotional restraint and were more self-reliant when working on tasks at Period 2 than were children with lower perceived academic competence. The results indicate that there are systematic, observable correlates of children's self-reports of their perceived academic competence.     

Keys to Reading Among Middle School Children

A recent decline in reading has become a major issue, as Americans are not reading out of necessity or as a leisure activity. In addition, a connection has been found between children's leisure reading habits and their level of academic achievement, causing even more concern.     

农村留守儿童歧视知觉、学业求助与学业拖延的关系

为了了解农村留守儿童歧视知觉、学业求助与学业拖延的关系,对370名农村留守儿童进行问卷调查。结果表明,农村留守儿童歧视知觉、执行性求助、回避求助与学业拖延呈显著正相关,工具性求助与学业拖延呈显著负相关;学业求助在歧视知觉影响农村留守儿童学业拖延间起中介作用。     

Academic Intrinsic Motivation and Perceived Academic Competence in Greek Elementary Students with and without Learning Disabilities

The aim of this study was to examine differences in intrinsic motivation and perceived academic competence as well as in their association between 5th‐ and 6th‐grade students with learning disabilities (LD) (n= 40) and their typically achieving peers. Participants were 980 Greek elementary students from the metropolitan area of Athens. As predicted, students with LD showed lower intrinsic motivation and perceived academic competence than students without LD almost across all subscales. Exceptions were noticed in intrinsic motivation concerning curiosity/interest and history subscales as well as perceptions of academic competence in the subjects of history and science. Support was found that among typically achieving students intrinsic motivation was positively and significantly related at a moderate level to perceived academic competence across all subscales, as opposed to students with LD, for whom few correlations were found.     

Perceived School and Neighborhood Safety, Neighborhood Violence and Academic Achievement in Urban School Children

Community and school violence continue to be a major public health problem, especially among urban children and adolescents. Little research has focused on the effect of school safety and neighborhood violence on academic performance. This study examines the effect of the school and neighborhood climate on academic achievement among a population of 3rd–5th grade students in an urban public school system. Community and school safety were assessed using the School Climate Survey, an annual City-wide assessment of student’s perception of school and community safety. Community violence was measured using the Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology, an objective observational assessment of neighborhood characteristics. Academic achievement was measured using the Maryland State Assessment (MSA), a standardized exam given to all Maryland 3rd–8th graders. School Climate Data and MSA data were aggregated by school and grade. Objective assessments of neighborhood environment and students’ self-reported school and neighborhood safety were both strongly associated with academic performance. Increasing neighborhood violence was associated with statistically significant decreases from 4.2 to 8.7% in math and reading achievement; increasing perceived safety was associated with significant increases in achievement from 16 to 22%. These preliminary findings highlight the adverse impact of perceived safety and community violence exposure on primary school children’s academic performance.     

The Relationships Among School Types,Teacher Efficacy Beliefs,and Academic Climate: Perspective from Asian Middle Schools

ABSTRACT

The authors explored how prior student achievement, through school types, predicted teacher self- and collective efficacy and perceived academic climate of 222 middle school teachers in Singapore. Teachers assigned to high-track and regular middle schools differed in their perception of self- and collective efficacy to promote organizational changes and student achievement, and of the academic climate of the school. Prior achievement was shown to be best predicted by perceived teacher collective efficacy and academic climate, but not self-efficacy. Further analyses revealed that the teacher collective efficacy partially mediated the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and academic climate. These findings were discussed with respect to the sociocognitive perspective.     

中学生学习能力信念障碍与厌学行为

一、信念及其构成　　关于信念的概念 ,由于多年来未能引起临床研究者重视 ,所以至今在心理学界还没有一个趋于一致的定义。在哲学领域信念被定义为个人色彩的知识重组。因此在这种意义上说知识是构造信念主要的、核心的成份 ,是信念的基石。知识概念在当代认知心理学中又有了全新的定义 ,华东师大皮连生教授用知识解释智力 ,提出智力的知识观在理论与实践方面都取得普遍认可。而我们又正在试图用知识表征的策略来表征学习能力下降学生的整体心理结构 ,以期更精确诊断学习能力下降者的心理障碍的机制。如今的知识已经不是当年哲学上所说的知…     

初中生感恩、学习投入与学业成就的关系研究

使用青少年感恩量表、学习投入量表对邯郸市189名初中生进行了问卷调查,分析初中生感恩、学习投入和学业成就三者之间的关系.结果显示:感恩、学习投入与学业成就存在显著正相关,并且感恩与学习投入能够显著正向预测学业成就;学习投入在感恩与学业成就之间存在中介效应.     

Food Safety Knowledge and Beliefs of Middle School Children: Implications for Food Safety Educators

ABSTRACT: To create effective educational interventions that address the food safety informational needs of youth, a greater understanding of their knowledge and skills is needed. The purposes of this study were to explore, via focus groups, the food‐handling responsibilities of middle school youth and obstacles they face in practicing safe food handling and develop recommendations for the design of food safety interventions for youth. Most youth reported that they prepared food at least once weekly and rated learning to prevent foodborne illness as important. Youth knew that food could make them sick, described foodborne illness as resulting from “something” getting into food, not cooking food “right,” or the food going bad. Most responses lacked details, suggesting knowledge was basic. Nearly all were interested in learning about food safety. Barriers that deterred them from learning about food safety were time and feeling they were not susceptible to foodborne illness. To overcome barriers, youth suggested focusing on the seriousness of and risks for foodborne illness, using a serious but comical educational approach, and using hands‐on educational media. Parents highly rated the importance of and degree to which they wanted youth to learn about food safety. Parents felt that their children had moderate levels of food safety knowledge, but many questioned whether they practiced food safety procedures when unsupervised. Parents felt that food safety education needed to be taught and reinforced in school and at home. After having reviewed youth and parent data, food safety experts proposed recommendations for youth‐focused food safety education that paralleled current consumer food safety initiatives.     

中学生学习策略与学业成绩关系研究

通过用中学生学习策略量表测查545名中学生，考察他们的学习策略使用特点以及对学业成绩的影响。结果表明：当前中学生学习态度较好、动机较高，但不善于进行自我检查反馈，容易焦虑，难以专心学习；女生比男生较多使用学习辅助策略进行学习，有较强动机，学习更有计划且善于分配时间；初一学生除焦虑分量表外，其它分量表的得分普遍比其它年级学生高，而高一学生在所有分量表上的得分都是最低的。在所有策略上表现出非常显著的年级差异；学习策略与学习成绩有密切的关系，但学习策略对学习成绩的解释却只有6．5％。     

From Learning Beliefs to Achievement Among Chinese Immigrant and European American Preschool Children

Little research exists on how immigrant children develop their beliefs about school learning (BASLs) in their home and host cultures. We examined the BASLs and achievement children of Chinese immigrants’ (CCI) and European American (EA) children. We followed longitudinally 120 middle-class children from age 4 to 5, balanced for gender. Children heard two story beginnings depicting a child eager to attend school and another not. Children completed the stories and were tested for math and literacy achievement. We found seven BASLs. CCIs and EAs showed similar BASLs. Awareness of parental involvement and intellectual benefit consistently explained their achievement, with CCIs showing greater achievement. CCIs’ (but not EAs’) valuation of learning explained their net academic growth. Implications on CCIs’ development are discussed.     

中学数学学习方式初探

好的数学学习方式可以提高学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的数学素养。目前很多中学生在学习数学时,主要采用接受式学习方式。改善中学生学习方式的主要方法是增加学生合作交流学习时间;增加学生自主探究学习时间;加强学生理论联系实际能力的培养,这样可以使学生真正学好数学,成为学习的主人。     

中学生心理健康、学习适应和生活事件的关系研究

调查结果表明：生活事件对中学生心理健康水平具有显著的预测作用;心理健康水平对中学生的学习适应具有显著的预测作用;对三者的考察可以很好地预测中学生的语文、数学和英语成绩。     

关于中学生数学信念和数学学习行为调查

中学生数学信念和数学教学中存在的问题都会对他们学习的行为产生影响。通过调查，从总体上看，学生对学校数学和数学学习的信念，成功和失败原因分析以及教学过程和方法的反思基本上是积极的。另外，不同年级、不同层次水平的学生的数学信念和学习行为也存在差异。     

Interest-Driven Learning Among Middle School Youth in an Out-of-School STEM Studio

The concept of connected learning proposes that youth leverage individual interest and social media to drive learning with an academic focus. To illustrate, we present in-depth case studies of Ryan and Sam, two middle-school-age youth, to document an out-of-school intervention intended to direct toward intentional learning in STEM that taps interest and motivation. The investigation focused on how Ryan and Sam interacted with the designed elements of Studio STEM and whether they became more engaged to gain deeper learning about science concepts related to energy sustainability. The investigation focused on the roles of the engineering design process, peer interaction, and social media to influence youth interest and motivation. Research questions were based on principles of connected learning (e.g., self-expression, lower barriers to expertise, socio-technical supports) with data analyzed within a framework suggested by discursive psychology. Analyzing videotaped excerpts of interactions in the studio, field notes, interview responses, and artifacts created during the program resulted in the following findings: problem solving, new media, and peer interaction as designed features of Studio STEM elicited evidence of stimulating interest in STEM for deeper learning. Further research could investigate individual interest-driven niches that are formed inside the larger educational setting, identifying areas of informal learning practice that could be adopted in formal settings. Moreover, aspects of youth’s STEM literacy that could promote environmental sustainability through ideation, invention, and creativity should be pursued.     

学习风格和二语动机策略与英语成绩的相关性研究

学习风格和二语动机策略是学习者个体差异中的重要因素,学习风格经过多年研究积累已经成为成熟的理论,然而二语学习动机策略的研究尚处于起步阶段,是研究者关注的一个新研究领域。研究从认知心理学角度出发,对新形势下二语习得中学习风格和二语动机策略进行探究,结合大学英语成绩进行相关性实证研究,以期以定性和定量的综合性研究方法为该领域提供一定的成果贡献,并对大学英语教学方面提供一定引导。     

Gender Discrimination,Perceived School Unfairness,Depressive Symptoms,and Sleep Duration Among Middle School Girls

The current study examines how gender discrimination by adults in school is linked with depressive symptoms and sleep duration over time in middle school. The main goal is to test one psychological mechanism that can account for such associations: perceived school unfairness. Relying on a racially-ethnically diverse sample of girls (N = 2,718, M_age = 13.01, SD_age = 0.39) from 26 middle schools, multilevel mediation analyses revealed that girls who experienced school-based gender discrimination by an adult in seventh grade reported higher levels of perceived school unfairness in eighth grade. Moreover, perceived unfairness, in turn, was associated with more depressive symptoms and shorter sleep durations by eighth grade. Implications of changes in adolescent girls’ sleep and mood related to their experiences of gender discrimination are discussed.     

中学生学习动机问卷的初步编制

中学生学习动机问卷的编制遵循标准化的程序,采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析方法,问卷的内在一致性信度系数和重测信度系数达到0．7,学习动机的结构拟合良好,因素载荷在0．4—0．9之间,效标效度基本符合测量学的要求,中学生学习动机问卷是一个信、效度良好,具有五因素结构的测量工具。     

Differences in Competence and Beliefs About Autism Among Teacher Education Students

Students with autism often are placed in general education classrooms, indicating general education teachers should be prepared to meet these students' needs. This survey study of teacher education students examined differences in educational training, beliefs about autism, and competence working with students with autism, according to college level and major area of study. Results showed that teacher education students held accurate beliefs about most aspects of autism, but they demonstrated misconceptions about special, gifted abilities. Secondary teacher education students were less likely to demonstrate accurate beliefs about the social emotional features of autism over the course of their training. General education teachers reported a lack of competence working with students with autism and believed additional training was needed. Findings suggested ongoing preservice training is needed to foster accurate beliefs about autism and competence working with students with autism.