教师聘任制与学术自由

教师聘任制的实施对大学教师学术自由产生驱动力的同时,带来的消极影响亦日益凸显.守护大学教师的学术自由既需要通过实施教师聘任制来驱动,更需要从对教师聘任制的消极影响进行消解理性认识大学教育活动与市场经济活动的关系;尊重教师的职业特点;规范聘任制度;体现人文关怀.     

New mathematics programmes at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Czech Technical University,Prague

The Bologna Declaration inspired changes in university education in the Czech Republic. In this paper we discuss the impact of these changes on the education of engineers at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering of the Czech Technical University, Prague.     

关于高职院校系级教学质量监控体系的思考

教学质量是高等职业院校生存和发展的生命线,科学有效的教学质量监控体系是提高教学质量的重要保证。系部是学院组织教学活动的主体,是教学管理工作的基层组织,学院教学质量的提高很大程度上有赖于系部教学质量监控的质量;加强系部教学质量监控,建立和完善系部教学质量监控体系,对提高教学质量具有十分重要的意义。     

计量认证与高校检测实验室质量体系建立

笔者所在部门属高校建工行业实验室,在保证教学和科研的前提下,充分利用自身装备的优势向省技术监督行政管理部门申请计量认证,对外开展建材成品及半成品质量检测实验服务。通过计量认证的实践过程,总结了高校实验室进行计量认证与建立质量体系的程序、方法及值得注意的问题。     

关于大学学分制改革成效衡量标准的思考

从我国高教改革和发展的实际出发,衡量学分制实施是否到位的标准关键的、本质的因素应该是:是否能全面支持一所大学根据市场需要和科技发展要求以及学生个体发展的要求而进行的任何形式的教学改革,特别是居于核心地位的人才培养模式的改革。所谓“完全的”学分制,至少应包括三个层面的支持因素:思想观念层面或理念层面、管理层面以及技术和条件层面。可将比较符合上述三个标准的教学管理制度以及与之配套的一系列制度看做是“国际标准”的,把相应的学分制称为“国际基准”学分制。但“全面支持”是有条件的,是在一定社会历史条件下,根据大学的性质、任务、层次等来相对确定的。     

Faculty/Student Mentor Program: Effects on Academic Performance and Retention

A university faculty/student mentor program was evaluated for its effects on academic performance and retention. A matched pairs design was used in which 339 undergraduates assigned to mentors were paired with nonmentored students based on gender, ethnicity, GPA, and entering enrollment status. The results showed a higher GPA for mentored students (2.45 vs. 2.29), more units completed per semester (9.33 vs. 8.49), and lower dropout rate (14.5% vs. 26.3%). Amount of mentor-protege contact was positively correlated with GPA. Academic achievement and retention were unrelated to gender and ethnicity of the mentor, the protégé, or the gender and ethnic match between the two.     

初中生学业拖延的特征及其与学业成绩的关系研究

目的探讨初中生学业拖延的特征及其与学业成绩的关系。方法采用学业拖延问卷对264名初中生进行了测量,运用SPSS15.0对数据进行统计分析。结果初中生学业拖延总体上处于中等偏下水平;男生的学业拖延水平显著高于女生;学业拖延存在显著的年级差异,其中初二年级拖延水平较高;学业拖延与学业成绩呈显著负相关,低拖延者的学业成绩显著高于高拖延者,学业成绩高的学生其拖延水平低。结论初中生的学业拖延在性别和年级上有显著差异,初中生学业拖延对其学业成绩有显著影响。     

Allocation of Academic Workloads in the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences at a South African University

ABSTRACT

This article reports on the results of a statistical analysis of the weekly working hours of academics in a Faculty of Human and Social Sciences at a South African university. The aim was to quantify, analyse and compare the workload of academic staff. Seventy-five academics self-reported on their workload by completing the workload measuring instrument. The results indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in the total working hours per week in terms of gender, schools, academic qualifications and positions. However, there were statistically significant differences in the hours spent performing core academic activities such as teaching and learning, administration and management, research and postgraduate supervision, and community engagement and services to the scholarly community. The results indicated inequalities in the workload allocation of academic staff, with some staff members being underutilized and others significantly over worked.     

斯坦福大学学术民主管理系统及其启示

大学学术民主管理系统是随着大学的发展而逐渐健全和完善的.斯坦福大学的学术民主管理系统是大学学术政策的咨询和决策机构,由各级各类委员会构成,其层次清晰、职责明确,运作程序规范、教师权力有保障,对斯坦福大学的发展起到了积极的作用.我国大学应提高对学术民主管理的认识,扩大参与民主管理的教师范围,明确职责范围,完善组织章程.     

师范性与学术性：华东师范大学建校初期的探索

师范性与学术性问题,是高等教育史上师范类大学办学以及教师教育中的重要议题。师范性与学术性的结合,根植于从大夏大学、光华大学到华东师范大学血脉赓续的办学传统之中,是华东师范大学建校初期富有成效的重要探索之一。为满足国家教育事业发展需要,华东师范大学通过在私立大学基础上合并组建以及院系调整工作,完成了作为独立高师的师范性定位,同时通过领导班子安排、思想改造、培养模式变革等措施完成了师范性的塑造。校领导的大学理念、苏联专家的指导以及高师院校师资培养任务等因素促使华东师大及时设置研究部、创办丛刊期刊以及出版社等,从而使学术性得以确立。在围绕高师办学方向问题的大讨论后,师范性与学术性并重逐渐得以确立。在此理念下,学校通过修正培养目标、探索延长学制、拓展师资培养形式、增设专门组与新专业、成立系列科研机构等措施,使教师教育水平得到提高并走向学科综合化的道路。建校初期关于师范性与学术性的历史探索,为华东师大在20世纪80年代提出"师范性与学术性相统一"的办学思想奠定了基础,对师范大学如何应对高水平综合性大学办教师教育的挑战也有着重要的启示。     

中东北非动乱对地缘局势之影响

中东北非发生动乱,显示霸权机器正在把人类“真理”降低为权力等价物;西方国家创造性的权力聚合,使非西方国家卷入西方政治大探险的漩涡。国际关系进程中身份与对外政策紧密相扣的态势愈演愈烈,国际政治史不再是一质性”的延续,更不再是“强硬”赢家和‘欺弱”输家之间“零和游戏的象征”,而是霸权国家凌驾于弱国的流水线权力能量和欲望发酵的产物。中东北非政局变化,难以说明是代表“反动者”摈除专制政治的革命性标签;它们传统的国际政治舞台最终可能坍塌,也难说明就是先于人类生命存在的自然选择过程的必然。     

The Impact of Performance Indicators on the Work of University Academics: Evidence from Australian Universities

This paper examines the impact of the application of performance indicators on the teaching and research activities of 152 university academics from four representative Australian universities. Most of the participants reported an increase in pressure to focus on the activities measured by the teaching and research performance indicators. A majority of the participants also indicated that their approach to teaching and research have changed. In research, this essentially meant focusing on external research grants applications and publications, and maximising the quantity produced from these activities. Some staff did use various strategies to increase their scores such as writing shorter papers in order to increase the quantity of publications. Moreover, a sizeable proportion of the participants indicated a shift in their work priorities towards research at the expense of teaching. One possible reason could be the lack of special incentives to increase their emphasis on teaching.     

专业匹配性对大学生学业的影响及应对

在生产力高度发达的今天,社会分工越来越细化,专业化趋势和程度也不断提高。大学实施专业教育、培养专业人才是时代的要求和不可逆转的趋势。专业匹配性对于大学生学业有着重要的意义,是实现高校专业人才培养目标的基本前提和根本保障,必须采取切实措施,不断提升大学生专业匹配性。     

Understanding the Work and Perceptions of Teaching Focused Faculty in a Changing Academic Landscape

Teaching Focused Faculty (TFF) roles are growing across Canada and around the world, raising questions about how to understand the nature of faculty work and how faculty in non-traditional work distributions feel about their work. Our study is the first attempt to survey TFF members’ work and job attitudes at large research intensive universities in Canada. Our data contribute to the literature on the nature of faculty work, by revealing that TFF engage in a wide variety of work, including teaching, service, curriculum leadership, and often research in pedagogy and/or disciplines. TFF report mixed messages about what their departments and institutions expect of them. Our data also contribute to the literature on how faculty feel about their work. Consistent with other research on faculty job attitudes, TFF report valuing their jobs highly. Our data also reveal that feeling integrated into mainstream institutional culture is a particularly important contributor to this sense of value. Taken together, our findings can be used to inform the research literature on faculty work, as well as by administrators seeing to implement or enhance TFF ranks at their institutions.     

不对称信息与高校教师评价体系发展

本文运用不对称信息理论对高校教师评价过程存在的逆向选择和道德风险进行分析,指出不对称风险的产生源自于高校教师专业服务的复杂性和评价结果的不确定性,通过委托代理理论框架,进一步确认原因在于校方与教师之间存在信息分布不对称和偏好取向的不同。未来高校教师评价体系发展的关键是要设计一种激励机制来实现有效的信号传递、信息甄别,推动激励相容和声誉约束机制的建立。     

工科课程作业设计与课堂教学质量评价分析

为了培养学生的综合素质和创新能力,不仅要改革教学方法,优化课堂教学结构,而且要重视课堂作业形式和内容的改革。本文分析了传统工科课程作业体系存在的主要问题,并从内在与外部两个方面分析大学生抄袭作业现象的成因,提出具有改革与创新性的作业设计思路和课堂教学评价方法。开发功能性强、适用性广的课程作业与课堂教学质量评价体系,并应用于实际教学过程中,真实地检验与评价课堂教学质量与效果。     

高职高专建筑工程专业毕业生质量调查研究

为了探索高职高专教育的新路,对高职高专建筑工程专业的毕业生及用人单位进行了调查和统计分析,提出高职高专建筑工程专业必须走技术应用能力培养的道路。     

Tempus I at the Technical University of Sofia: The Political Economy of Academic Survival

This study focusses on an investigation of the patterns of institutional change influenced by the TEMPUS I (European Community/European Union) assistance programme in Bulgaria during 1990‐1994, specifically at the Technical University of Sofia. The theoretical model of the research has used as its point of departure Burton Clark's concept (1983) of institutional relations and has examined the roles of state, government, market, and academic oligarchy in the dynamics of university administration and management during the transition period. The data collected demonstrate that the role of TEMPUS I JEP grants was a major factor in favour of change in the process of development and the implementation of new institutional policies and organizational structures. The study opens for discussion a number of issues related to the role and the policies of multinational funding agencies in a national university setting undergoing institutional change, forms of academic governance, and the conditions and requirements related to the implementation of market‐oriented approaches in academe.     

学术职业专业化视角下大学教师发展制度的缺失与构建

学术职业专业化是大学教师的发展方向与目标,但我国大学教师发展存在着种种不利于教师发展专业化的问题,主要表现为:一些教师教育进修方案不能落实;没有建立有效的教师专业发展组织;教师发展保障体系不健全;大学教师发展评价失真;等.对此,大学应以专业化为方向,构建大学教师发展制度.