Challenges to Academic Values and the Organization of Academic Work in a Time of Globalization

With the ongoing Bologna Process in mind, the author analyzes the effects of globalization on the academic world. In so doing, he traces the origins of globalization, arguing that it is not as new a phenomenon as one might think. He then analyzes the interactions of academic work and globalization and of academic values and globalization. Focusing on Central and Eastern Europe, the author proposes that the negative effects of the communist period on higher education in the region have stimulated a greater awareness of the fragility of traditional academic values than may be the case elsewhere, and a heightened desire to protect them. At the same time, the experience of communism (and now of transition) seems to have imparted great flexibility and pragmatism to higher education in the region as it responds to the challenges of globalization. Still, globalization is highly challenging to European higher education, East and West.     

Learning the methods and the skills of global product realization in an academic virtual enterprise

This paper reports on and draws conclusions about the international course called European Global Product Realization. It was organized to provide university students with knowledge about distributed product development in virtual enterprises. The philosophy of the course is discussed together with its structure, contents, organization, infrastructure, deliverables and the experiences. Necessitated by globalization, the principles of operation of virtual enterprises were used in organizing the course. The knowledge accumulated in global product realization by the participating companies and academic sections provided the basis for the course and for the student projects. The organizers put the students of three European universities into the position of evolving young professionals who act as both knowledge producers and knowledge consumers. The design and engineering students took part in academic lectures and industrial case studies in a virtual classroom and practised collaborative product development in the emulated virtual enterprise. The academic virtual enterprise framework has been confirmed to be a solution for opening the conventional educational institutions. Our future work will concentrate on how to exploit disciplinary and operational research as the engine behind academic learning and teaching.     

Challenges to Academe in a Time of Globalization

Concerned by the suggestion that globalization is bound to erode traditional academic values, the author provides a spirited refutation. For her, now, as much as ever, traditional academic values are required as a means to confront and to tame globalization. Thus, general education, rather than overly specialized education, is needed. So also is the importance of basic research undertaken in universities. Much of the greatness of a country depends upon the level of its achievements in this domain. Transnational education, an aspect of globalization, will lose its threatening aspects if its quality is controlled and measured against traditional academic values. Finally, higher education is, and must remain, a public good. Traditional higher education remains the best creator of human capital.     

全球化、国际化与高等教育交流:香港的经验

为了应对日益激烈的全球市场竞争,许多新兴国家和地区的政府近年来都纷纷起草教育改革蓝图,并出台一系列针对教育体制改革的措施。香港特别行政区也把教育作为一项优先发展的公共政策,以增强本地公民的全球竞争力。在认识到人力资源是特别行政区拥有的唯一资源后,香港特区政府亦斥巨资投资教育。尽管特别行政区目前面临严重的预算赤字,但教育仍占到2004-2005年政府预算公共支出的最大份额22.5％。本文着重对在全球化的背景下,香港特别行政区采取怎样的措施来改善其高等教育体制,以及香港的大学如何与海外大学加强学术交流,以增强本港大学的国际竞争力进行论述。     

以"三个代表"为指针加强高校思想政治工作

在全球化浪潮下,高校的思想政治工作面临着一系列新情况、新问题。从分析高校思想政治工作的现状着手,探讨了如何以"三个代表"重要思想为指针,加强和改进高校思想政治工作这一问题。在理解、领会"三个代表"重要思想的内涵和把握"三个代表"与高校思想政治工作关系的基础上,指出高校的思想政治工作要紧紧围绕"三个代表"重要思想的真正要求,来构建思想政治工作共同体,要运用网络媒体等手段教育学生,使当代大学生真正成为先进生产力的推动者、先进文化的传播者、最广大人民群众利益的代表者。     

对高等学校由学年制到学分制转变的思考

本文从当前我国高等教育学年制存在的问题入手,通过对学年制和学分制的比较,深入分析高等教育管理由学年制向学分制转变过程中的问题和原因,从完善管理体制、机制和制度等方面提出了高校推行学分制的对策与措施。     

大学与学术公民身份-基于全球参与和社会转型视角的探索

基于全球范围内四所大学的案例研究,本文探讨并深入阐述了"学术公民身份"的概念,着重讨论了作为学术公民的学生和教职员如何应对全球化带来的挑战和机遇。在研究广东外语外贸大学、加州大学洛杉矶分校、布宜诺斯艾利斯大学和中欧大学等四所高校的学术公民的职业与生活时,作者指出全球化的一些重要特征,并且在所有被研究的区域中全球资本主义都在改变学术生活的本质。作为学术公民的学生与教职员采取创造性的方式来面对强大的全球力量,这也可能正是当今大学为实现其社会转型所寻求的。     

Institutionalizing China’s Research University through Academic Mobility: The Case of PKU

Abstract:

Academic mobility is becoming a tread in academic life and a professional development globally, regionally and nationally. This article makes use of a case university—Peking University (PKU)—as an analytical approach to explore how and why academic mobility can happen in China’s research universities. The author first presents an overview of the academic mobility at PKU from a historical perspective, and then describes the changing status quo of its academic mobility that has undergone for three decades. In the third part, the author analyzes and discusses the outcome made by the academic mobility from both positive and negative sides. In the end, the author notes that academic mobility is one among the best ways to internationalize China’s research universities, including PKU.     

学术移植与教育学及认识论的重塑：基于内群体与外群体的视角

本文以比较的角度对作者的文化体验进行反思性分析,重点探讨作者作为一名具有比较教育学习背景的学者在不同国家工作生活时,如何透过比较视角从不同文化汲取经验。文章也试图展现比较教育的学习背景是如何帮助作者挣脱其成长文化的束缚,以此能够采用外群体的角度进行研究并形成认识论议题,以及作者是如何受益于比较教育的学习,得以凭借关于不同教育体制的广博知识和对文化的敏感度快速融入异种文化。作者将分析他在澳大利亚、香港和新加坡工作、生活时是如何抓住各地不同的研究和认识论议题的。文章将从近几十年来,由全球化进程中的移民潮产生的学术迁移现象入手,探讨澳大利亚、中国香港和新加坡基于不同的社会经济、政治、文化背景如何回应全球化主题,以及在此过程中上述国家和地区如何形成不同的研究和认识论议题。作者是站在内群体与外群体的角度进行观察和分析的。     

学分制下高校学生学业预警机制构建探索

随着学分制实施和普及,高校原有的学生管理工作模式可能会出现一些问题。本文在分析学分制实行给高校学生管理工作带来弊病的基础上,诠释学分制下高校学生学业预警机制的系统模式,并阐述如何构建新的学生管理模式。希望借此促进高校教学管理事业工作。     

Virtual Universities: Current Models and Future Trends

The first section of this article examines the current models of "virtual universities" that provide various forms of distance education. Distance teaching at university level is offered, nowadays, through at least five major organizational models: single-mode distance teaching universities, dual- and mixed-mode universities, extension services, consortia-type ventures, and new technology-based universities. The article analyzes the merits of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the context of each of these five models, as well as the problems associated with their implementation. The second section discusses future trends in the development of distance education in higher education systems and touches upon five domains: potential student constituencies, new roles for the academic faculty, new forms of knowledge generation and delivery, the restructuring of the organizational infrastructures of universities, and the impact of globalization on higher education markets. The conclusion highlights some of the major difficulties in the processes of implementing the new ICTs into various higher education systems and offers a few suggestions as to how to proceed in tackling major problems.     

The Restructuring of Academic Work in Australia: Power,management and gender

This paper examines how the restructuring of Australia's university system and the introduction of corporate managerialism has changed the work performed by academic staff. The paper illustrates how the emergence of higher education as both a major export industry and a vehicle for attaining greater international competitiveness has led to more intense regulation of academic work. Within a context of funding cutbacks, substantial inequities have emerged between and within universities, as they compete more aggressively for higher education markets. Hierarchical line management, with clear divisions between different categories of academic staff, has substantially replaced collegial forms of administration. This paper demonstrates how these processes have worked to undermine the effective implementation of Equal Employment Opportunity initiatives, as women remain concentrated in the lowest paid and least secure positions within universities.     

论高职院校的学年学分制管理模式

在比较高校现行的学年制管理模式、学分制管理模式、学年学分制管理模式这三种教学管理模式的基础上,针对多数高职院校的实际情况,认为学年学分制是其目前最适合的教学管理模式,并简要论述了学年学分制实施过程中高职院校应注意的几个问题。     

西方学术自由:走向自觉的历程

本文通过对西方学术自由从不自觉走向自觉历程的分析，认为学术自由是伴随着大学的产生而产生，学术自由的直接起源不在古希腊而在中世纪大学，在学术与宗教信仰、学术与国家、学术与人类社会进步的诸种关系得以解决之后，以柏林大学的建立为标志，学术自由开始成为大学的自觉要求。     

高校思想政治工作协同机制构建研究

多数大学生走出大学校门后仍然不知道该如何为人处世,不知道该如何与他人相处,这就是大学思想政治工作的失败所在。基于此,将对高校思想政治工作协同机制构建展开研究。首先,简析高校思想政治工作协同机制;其次,介绍了该机制的重要性;最后,根据工作中出现的问题提出一些相应的解决措施。以期促进我国高校思想政治教育的质量,提高学生的政治素养。     

当前高校档案工作存在的问题及其改革对策

随着高校教育体制改革的深入,高校档案工作面临着新的课题.本文分析高校档案工作的现状和问题,就如何做好高校的档案工作提出粗浅的认识:加强领导重视,强化档案意识;健全管理机制,利用现代化管理方式;培养人才,提高工作人员业务素质;加强档案、信息资源开发和利用,适应新形势的发展.     

高校办学自主权变迁的实证再研究（一） ——高校办学自主权的内涵辨析及外部学术治理改革现状

已有研究文献表明,现有高校办学自主权的内核制度是院系自治。在当前全球化和国际化影响下,借鉴治理思维,我国高校正在破除“行政化”的本土情境,建立“管办评”分离机制,形成各利益主体可以相对平等地对话与协商的现代大学制度,这是构建我国高校治理结构、推动高校办学自主权落地的基本策略。通过文献分析和对高校办学自主权的内涵辨析后发现,我国现在的高校治理策略缺乏市场维和院系自治维,应该将其纳入新的高校治理结构;法律一维相对弱,也应作为独立的维度进行建构,即我国现代大学治理结构应该包括法律、国家规制与政府行政、社会中介评价、市场、校级管理和院系治理等六维度。从自主权内容上,高校办学自主权实质是高校应该拥有的一系列与学术活动相关的决策权,在结构上可以进一步分解为“提供什么”的战略决策自主权和“如何提供”的生产决策自主权。进一步的实证研究表明,我国呈现由政府全面控制着这些自主权逐步转向持续放权的改革趋势。目前,相对“提供什么”的战略决策,高校在“如何提供”的生产决策方面拥有较多的自主权,高校对学术事务的权力多于资源配置的权力,部属高校较地方高校拥有更多的自主权。     

我国大学学术国际化的现状与问题述评

大学学术国际化是我国在全球发展大环境背景下的必然选择,也是大学教育自身发展的必然要求。目前我国大学学术国际化趋势明显,但对大学学术国际化过程的风险存在误解,其交流和传播还存在障碍。提高大学学术国际化水平的关键在于：要正确对待学术本土化与国际化问题;发挥好政府、学校、师生三方合力的作用;同时学校要积极组织在职教师的外语培训学习。     

透视当代大学通识教育的文化问题

从文化的视角来透视和诊断当代大学通识教育，就会发现存在着三大方面的严重问题，其一是全球化的“两重性”与大学文化素质教育的两难处境；其二是大学通识教育与民族文化的主体性问题；其三是大学通识教育中如何达成对古今中外文化的会通、超胜与综合创新问题。揭示大学通识教育的这些深层次的文化问题，有助于促进民族文化的创新和推动大学文化素质教育的进一步深化。     

全球伦理及其可能与现实——从环境伦理的角度分析

目前,学术界关于“全球伦理”问题的研究日趋深入,观点各异。我们认为,随着全球环境问题的出现,全球环境伦理成为各国人民的共识,那么,随着全球化进程的加速,全球共同利益的形成及各国、各地区间利益相关性的增强,以此为根据的全球伦理不仅是可能的,而且已经现实地存在着。