A case study on multiple-choice testing in anatomical sciences

Objective testing techniques, such as multiple-choice examinations, are a widely accepted method of assessment in gross anatomy. In order to deter cheating on these types of examinations, instructors often design several versions of an examination to distribute. These versions usually involve the rearrangement of questions and their corresponding answer choices. This study will determine whether the distribution of different versions of an examination affects student performance in a lower division anatomical science course. Students who receive the original version of an examination may be at an advantage over those that receive a shuffled version of an examination because of the systematic tendencies that go into examination construction. This study concludes that the shuffling of questions and answer choices to produce multiple versions of an examination does not affect student performance.     

本科教学工作水平评估对高校教学工作影响的调查研究

对上海水产大学和上海师范大学教学科研人员和教学管理人员进行的问卷调查表明,本科教学工作水平评估对教学工作的影响是积极的,建立评估制度是保障高等教育质量的有效措施。调查揭示了评估对教学工作影响的一些特点:教学管理人员对评估影响的肯定程度高于教学科研人员;评估对教师教学和教学管理的影响大于对学生学习的影响;评估对教学工作的外在影响强于内在影响;评估对教学工作的影响随时间推移会逐渐减弱。     

浅谈本科评估对民办本科教育质量的促进作用

对于新建的民办本科院校来说,主动提出参加教育部第一轮的本科教学工作水平评估是严峻考验,也是发展机遇。迎接评估和做好评估准备工作,是民办本科院校的一项重要任务,也是新建本科院校的一个共同课题。本文结合自己在学校迎评创建中工作,浅谈了本科评估对民办本科教育质量的促进作用。     

The effect of images on item statistics in multiple choice anatomy examinations

Although multiple choice examinations are often used to test anatomical knowledge, these often forgo the use of images in favor of text‐based questions and answers. Because anatomy is reliant on visual resources, examinations using images should be used when appropriate. This study was a retrospective analysis of examination items that were text based compared to the same questions when a reference image was included with the question stem. Item difficulty and discrimination were analyzed for 15 multiple choice items given across two different examinations in two sections of an undergraduate anatomy course. Results showed that there were some differences item difficulty but these were not consistent to either text items or items with reference images. Differences in difficulty were mainly attributable to one group of students performing better overall on the examinations. There were no significant differences for item discrimination for any of the analyzed items. This implies that reference images do not significantly alter the item statistics, however this does not indicate if these images were helpful to the students when answering the questions. Care should be taken by question writers to analyze item statistics when making changes to multiple choice questions, including ones that are included for the perceived benefit of the students. Anat Sci Educ 10: 68–78. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

高等学校本科教学面临的挑战与改革

我国高等学校本科教育近年来有了巨大的发展 ,但也面临着严峻的挑战。为应对新形势 ,本科教学必须深化改革 ,进一步转变教育观念 ,调整专业设置与课程体系 ,更新与丰富教学内容 ,改革教学方法 ,以培养适应我国 2 1世纪发展需要的高质量人才。     

大学生考试舞弊现象的归因与对策分析

大学生考试舞弊行为由多种原因所致,主要包括社会因素、心理因素与教育因素三个方面。对于大学生考试舞弊现象,需要从施行诚信教育、提升教学水平、改革考试制度等多方面入手,将之当做一项系统的社会工程进行综合治理,才能收到标本兼治的效果。     

柯林伍德和伽达默尔问答逻辑的共通性探析

柯林伍德和伽达默尔作为哲学家,都提出了问答逻辑。柯林伍德是从反对传统历史学研究方法出发,提出了历史哲学视域下的问答逻辑,这本质上是一种方法论上的问答逻辑;而伽达默尔则是从本体论上,在哲学解释学中提出了问答逻辑。对于两者提出的问答逻辑,虽然有不同之处,但更有许多的共通性在其中。两者的理论渊源相同,都是受苏格拉底和培根的影响;内在逻辑结构相同,都是一种问答的结构;都具有开放性的特点。此外,二者在反对科学主义泛滥的倾向方面都起到了积极的作用。     

Student perceptions of teamwork within assessment tasks in undergraduate science degrees

Teamwork assessment creates a more comprehensive educational experience by broadening the diversity of skills that students develop. Developing teamwork skills is particularly important due to a recognised skills gap among science graduates. This study investigated student perceptions of developing teamwork skills during their undergraduate science degrees. A mixed methods approach was used, which included the analysis of both quantitative and qualitative online survey data. The key findings showed that, although students understood the importance of developing teamwork skills for their future, a substantial proportion did not feel sufficiently prepared with these skills by their science degree. To develop teamwork skills, more students valued working in teams during laboratory sessions, team sports and informal study groups than non-laboratory based formal teamwork assessment. In support of previous teamwork studies across disciplines, the most cited factors contributing to poor teamwork experiences were difficulties scheduling meetings and unequal contribution among team members. This study indicates pedagogical improvements that may enhance the teamwork experience of students during assessments.     

论本科生教学与研究生教学的互馈关系

在高校教育管理中,应运用系统论、控制论方法,在本科生教学与研究生教学之间建立起互馈关系,包括两者之间的前馈关系与后馈关系。对本科生教学与研究生教学之间建立互馈关系具有制约的因素,首先是教育管理的体制因素,其次是由于学科建设中专业建设与学位建设的重点不同,此外是教育管理上缺乏系统管理的科学理念。要建立本科生教学与研究生教学之间互馈的良性机制,就要在深化教育体制改革中加强管理部门之间的协调与交流。在学科建设中加强与完善专业建设与学位建设的结合,在改进教育管理中培养系统管理的科学理念。     

略论大学生体育消费问题

大学生是一个特定的体育消费群体,对其体育消费观念、消费特征进行研究,对于合理引导大学生的体育消费,提高大学生的体育消费水平,推动高校体育教学改革等具有重要的意义。     

高校本科专业教学效果影响因素实证研究

文章以J大学工商管理专业为例,调查了276位本科生,在此基础上,通过构建结构方程模型,实证分析了教师教学水平、教师教学方式、学生学习动机、学生学习行为、学生自主学习和教学环境对教学效果的影响,以及在此过程中学习自主性中介作用的发挥情况。研究结果表明,教师的教学方式、教学行为、学生学习行为、教学环境、学习自主性均会显著影响教学效果,且学生的自主学习有显著的中介作用;而学生学习动机对教学效果的影响缺乏显著性。文章分析了实证结果产生的原因,并从高校、教师、学生三方面入手,提出了针对高校本科专业有效提升教学效果的对策建议。     

A longitudinal assessment of college student engagement in good practices in undergraduate education

The purpose of this study was to determinewhether student engagement in three goodeducational practices (cooperation with peers,active learning, faculty-student interaction)increased between 1983 and 1997 in response tothe calls to improve the quality ofundergraduate education in the United States.The data source was 73,050 students whocompleted the College Student ExperiencesQuestionnaire. The results from multipleregression and effect size analyses showed thatthe frequency of involvement in these goodpractices did not change over time. Variationin the scores of the three indicators acrossyears and types of institution(doctoral-granting universities, comprehensiveuniversities, liberal arts colleges) wasminimal indicating a stable pattern with onlyrandom fluctuations during this 15 yearperiod.     

加强当代大学生诚信教育的对策

诚实守信是我国的传统美德,当代大学生是应该具有较高诚信品质的群体,但现实生活中他们或多或少缺乏诚信已成为普遍现象。     

大学生创业平台的构建

创业是这个时代经济增长的重要推动力,也是解决社会就业矛盾的一个重要途径。构建大学生创业平台是高校培养人才和体现社会服务职能的重要体现。本文分析了目前大学生创业实践中存在的若干问题,指出创业平台构建的重大意义,并提出了构建大学生创业教育平台的几个做法。     

对旅游管理本科人才培养问题的思考

改革开放30多年来,旅游本科教育业获得了迅猛发展,然而相对于新形势下旅游业发展的需要而言,旅游本科人才培养仍存在着目标定位模糊、课程设置欠合理、实践教学欠缺等问题,究其原因,主要由旅游本科教育的稚嫩性、旅游学的学科性质、人才培养与市场需求的脱节所致,因此必须结合学校自身特点,制定人才培养目标;优化课程体系,改进教学模式;强化实践教学,拓宽校企合作范围,以适应快速发展的旅游业对人才的需求.     

农学本科专业设置方向探析

在农学本科专业之下再设若干专业方向是各高校较为常见的一种做法。文章分析了我国高校在农学本科专业下设置专业方向的四种类型,探讨了农学专业下设置专业方向的利与弊,并对我校农学专业如何设置专业方向提出了建议。     

高校大学生考试作弊心理分析与对策探讨

近年来,高校大学生考试作弊问题越来越严重,引起了全社会广泛关注和忧虑。通过分析大学生考试作弊心理产生的思想根源,总结归纳了“毒性思维”及其四种表现形式,从道德、技术、制度等方面探讨减少和杜绝高校大学生考试作弊的有效对策,这将有助于实现高等教育的良性发展和大学生的健康成长。     

建设大学创新文化背景下的学生社团自治及其价值

学生社团是大学中一种十分重要的组织.目前,学生社团已逐渐在高校的现行管理环境中不断提升自身的自治水平,学生社团自治有利于塑造学生社会主体性,引导学生参与学校管理以及辅助大学通识教育,对建设大学创新文化起到了推动作用.     

应用型本科教育质量观的选择与实现

“需求主体参与原则”、“阶段论”和“要素论”对于应用型本科教育质量观的选择与实现有着十分现实的指导意义。教育价值观、人才观和人才培养目标定位都制约着质量观的选择,统一性与多样性的有机结合是质量观选择的基本原则。质量观实现过程是一个复杂的系统工程,并不是简单加减几个环节（课程）与课时就能完成。需求主体参与是实现的关键。     

本科生导师制存在的不足及其改进措施

本科生导师制是近年来我国高校开展教育工作的新载体,是高校推进学分制、进行个性化教育的一项新的人才培养模式。在深入分析现阶段高校本科生导师制实施过程中存在的问题基础上,提出相应的改进措施,分析认为：当前本科生导师制应明确本科生导师的职责及指导方式、规范导师制的配备方式及时间、建立健全本科生导师考核制度和激励机制。