翻转课堂中学生学习行为模式与知识建构研究

随着翻转课堂教学效果不断被证实,翻转课堂教学模式也在不断被推广。但是翻转课堂中学生的哪些行为模式与学习效果有关,仍然需要深入研究。本研究主要对学生在课前预习和课中讨论学习的行为模式进行分析,并以知识建构作为学习效果评价内容,对学生的学习行为模式与知识建构水平进行相关性分析。实验分析结果表明,在课前预习中,学习者的评论行为发生在浏览资源之后,学习者会对评论进行回复,发生多轮交互。在课前的讨论活动中,有部分学习者达到高阶知识建构水平。但是,学习者课前的学习行为模式与知识建构不存在强相关关系,而学习者在课中的学习行为模式与知识建构具有强相关关系。     

Teachers' perspectives on student problematic behavior and social skills

This study examined program outcomes of student problem behavior and social skills, based on teachers' perspectives, before and after early behavioral intervention services. The study targeted students in kindergarten through grade 5 who were identified by the school system as being at risk for emotional and behavioral disorders. Students identified received early intervention services based on individualized positive behavior supports (i.e. social skills training, functional behavioral assessment, and team collaboration). The results indicate that early intervention services that teach social skills and use functional behavioral assessments to deal with problem behaviors are beneficial to children displaying behavioral challenges.     

学习动机对大学生创新行为的影响机制——课外活动参与的中介作用

本研究基于3825份问卷调查数据,分析学习动机、课外活动参与以及大学生创新行为之间的关系。结果表明：第一,在不区分高校类型的情况下,内部学习动机对大学生创新行为具有显著正向影响,外部学习动机通过课外活动对创新行为产生影响。第二,在研究型大学中,学生个体内在的科研兴趣对创新行为具有显著正向影响,求利心理没有促进学生的创新行为;在应用型院校中,学生通过参与课外社会性活动将内外部学习动机转化为创新行为,课外社会性活动参与的作用机制明显;在高职院校中,学生需要借助课外活动参与经历展现创新素质。高等教育普及化带来学生心理状态的多样性,不同类型高校资源配置情况致使竞争规则具有极大差异,应正视外部学习动机的潜在正效应,深思“个人-环境匹配”在提高课外活动实效上的作用。     

基于行为序列的学习行为模式识别与教学干预

课堂环境下的学习行为是学习者进行知识学习的外在表现形式,对学习行为模式的识别有助于教师把握不同学习群体的特征规律,从而设计差异化教学干预方案,以改善学生的学习成效。在文献分析的基础上,文章首先以苏南某地区J中学的初中生为调查对象进行了问卷调查,并基于分析结果对课堂学习行为进行分类与编码;随后,文章采用聚类分析法对不同学习行为进行序列转换分析,并设计了基于课堂表现数据的学习行为模式识别模型;最后,文章采用滞后序列分析法对不同类型学习者的学习行为序列转换进行分析,挖掘了不同类型学习者存在的问题学习行为,在此基础上设计了基于问题学习行为的教学干预机制,以帮助学习者转换学习行为模式,进而提高学习效果。     

Faculty do Matter: The Role of College Faculty in Student Learning and Engagement

This study uses two national data sets to explore the relationship between faculty practices and student engagement. Our findings suggest that students report higher levels of engagement and learning at institutions where faculty members use active and collaborative learning techniques, engage students in experiences, emphasize higher-order cognitive activities in the classroom, interact with students, challenge students academically, and value enriching educational experiences.     

Teacher beliefs toward academically at risk students in inner urban schools

Research has consistently documented that teacher expectations influence student outcomes. These expectations are communicated via specific classroom behaviors and practices that differ substantially for high- vs. low-expectation students. Expectations, to a large extent, are a part of a personal belief system influenced by prior experience with diverse students, teachers' role definition, knowledge of appropriate strategies and techniques, and support services available. In urban schools where there are large proportions of academically at-risk students, these factors interact to determine whether or not students receive instruction necessary to improve their low achievement levels.     

Game-based career learning support for youth: effects of playing the Youth@Work game on career adaptability

Choosing a career is one of the most important decisions that youth has to take but many young people find this a hard issue to engage with. Current career counselling practice does not appear very compelling or motivating to young people. Professional games could provide a more engaging and motivating way of acquiring professional awareness and competence for career decision making and learning. We present the design and effects of playing a game that aims to increase career awareness and adaptabilities in youth (13–19 years). In a Randomized Controlled Trial, 93 high school students from Iceland and Romania were asked to carry out career-oriented activities, with half playing an interactive game and the other half performing a paper-and-pencil version of the same activities. The students were compared on career adaptability, career learning and career awareness scores before and after these interventions. Main results show that engaging players in these career-oriented activities has short term effects on outcome scores for career adaptabilities and for perceptions of career learning competences. Students who played the game report significantly faster growth on career adaptabilities that deal with “concern”, “control” and “confidence”. It can therefore be concluded that introducing game-based learning in career decision support for youth is a promising endeavour.     

教师行为与学生行为的关系解析

教学行为同时涵盖教师教的行为与学生学的行为。教师的教是改进课堂教学质量的关键,是学校教学改革的着力点,是促进学生学的最重要因素,也是影响学生身心发展的关键。教学行为具有外显性、动态性、个体性、目的性、情境性等特性;根据不同维度,教学行为有多种分类。教师与学生能结成稳定的、持续的、牢不可破的关系就在于二者的活动与行为趋向具有相关性,有不可或缺且无法割裂的内在必然联系;但教的行为与学的行为是不同的行为,具有各自特有的性质与特点,故应以学定教、以教促学。     

Classroom management in urban schools: proposing a course framework

ABSTRACT

Students of color in urban areas experience a multitude of intersecting oppressive structures that influence their behavior in schools. As a result, teachers in these schools often face distinct student behavior challenges to which they are often ill-equipped to respond. Colorblind approaches to student misbehavior, those that do not acknowledge students’ environments and cultures, are often punitive in nature and result in consequences that are not in students’ best interests. We propose, then, that preservice teachers who aim to teach in urban schools are required to consider contextual and cultural influences on student behavior as part of their teacher preparation coursework. Drawing upon existing scholarship, we propose a course framework that focuses exclusively on techniques that cultivate strong student-teacher relationships and academically supportive student behaviors. The framework consists of five thematic units: 1) trauma-informed and trauma-sensitive classrooms, 2) facing cultural conflicts, 3) culturally informed care, 4) culturally relevant/responsive classroom management, and 5) restorative discipline philosophy and practices.     

iSpy: seeing what students really do online

Numerous studies have shown that college students use computers, the internet, and social networking websites (SNS) at high rates; however, all of these studies have relied on self-report measures of technology use. Research in other areas of human behavior has shown that self-report measures are considerably inaccurate when compared to actual behaviors. This study produces more effective estimates of the time that college students spend on computer and internet activities by using logging software to collect data on actual use. A sample of 45 students installed a computer monitor for two months. The results show that social networking was the most popular computer activity, with Facebook being the most popular SNS. Furthermore, the results also suggest that students may be able to somewhat regulate their computer use in ways that could benefit them academically. For instance, students spent significantly more time using the university's learning management system when classes were in session and less time watching videos. Although there are some limitations of monitoring computer usage, such monitoring is an effective method of evaluating frequency of use.     

Blending Effective Behavior Management and Literacy Strategies for Preschoolers Exhibiting Negative Behavior

Sometimes students will exhibit various aggressive behaviors in the preschool classroom. Early childhood educators need to have behavior management strategies to manage the students’ negative behaviors within the classroom setting. This article will provide a rationale for embedding literacy instruction within behavior management strategies to assist preschool age students with negative behaviors. Three widely used classroom management strategies will be explained: group contingencies, anger management, and individualized behavior plans with differential reinforcement of other behaviors. Each strategy will have developmentally appropriate literacy skills infused into it. In conclusion, a suggestion will be given to early childhood educators on how to implement these blended management techniques.     

混合学习视域下网络学习行为对学习结果影响的实证研究——以信息技术课程教学论课程为例

本研究以河南某大学参加信息技术课程教学论课程的46名学生为研究对象,以BlackBoard平台数据为数据源,采用数据挖掘和统计学方法,定量分析学生学习行为对学习结果的影响。结果发现:学生在线时间跨度、登录次数、平时作业的质量、学习日志的质量、讨论交流帖子的数量及质量均与学习结果显著正相关,学习结果与在线学习总时长、平均每次在线学习时长、学习日志数量、平时作业提交时间无显著相关关系。     

小学数学“综合与实践”活动课堂的探索实践

小学数学“综合与实践”活动课堂学习行为关键要素可聚焦为思维、综合、合作、实践、表达、反思。围绕这6种关键行为构建的课堂,应以学生为主体,内容突出综合,彰显数学课程本质;活动突出实践,发展学生应用意识;重视表达反思,从课堂延伸课外。     

Are schools ready for Joshua? Dimensions of African-American culture among students identified as having behavioral/emotional disorders

African-American learners often achieve limited academic success in classrooms designed for learners demonstrating challenging behaviors. Self-contained settings are often void of culturally responsive pedagogy. This qualitative study examined the demonstrated behavior of African-American youth in a small urban elementary school setting. Field notes, observations, and interviews were analyzed to examine the demonstration and affirmation of expressive individualism, one of the nine dimensions of African-American culture. Coping strategies were also examined. African-American learners often displayed culturally socialized behaviors that were not affirmed by classroom teachers in academically engaging manners. Their culturally sanctioned modes of expressive individualism were asserted through dissembling, game playing, and defiant coping strategies. As a result of these demonstrated behaviors, students were seldom academically engaged beyond working quietly with a focus on behavioral compliance.     

Literacy Challenges and Opportunities for Students with Learning Disabilities in Social Studies and History

The Common Core State Standards for literacy in history and social studies present opportunities and challenges for teachers of and adolescents with learning disabilities (LD). In addition to reading challenges, students must engage in higher order thinking and reasoning. To provide opportunities for students to successfully respond to such challenges, teachers must have an understanding of the expectations in the Standards, and of the learning needs of students with LD. Teachers can assure success for adolescents with LD by selecting proven instructional procedures and engaging in collaboration to provide students with the supports they need. Examples of one evidence‐based practice, Content Enhancement, are provided to illustrate instructional protocols for teachers of diverse classes that include adolescents with LD.     

The effect of hands-on ‘energy-saving house’ learning activities on elementary school students’ knowledge,attitudes, and behavior regarding energy saving and carbon-emissions reduction

Energy saving and carbon-emissions reduction (ESCER) are widely regarded as important issues for progress towards ensuring sustainable forms of economic development. This Taiwanese study focuses on the effects of a series of educational activities about ESCER on students’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Sixty fifth-grade students from two elementary school classes were assigned to an experimental group, and 59 from two others to the control. Covariance and qualitative data analysis were conducted after 14 lessons on the topic in both ‘treatments.’ The following key findings emerged. First, hands-on ‘energy-saving house’ learning activities seemed to have positive effects on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behavior toward ESCER, even as the design of authentic learning activities was recognized as not being as closely aligned to the students’ daily lives as they could have been for achieving behavior-related outcomes. Second, students demonstrated slight gains in conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge via the hands-on activities, but some ESCER misconceptions persisted. We conclude that students’ learning processes, prior learning and authentic contexts for ESCER-related work should not be ignored in the attempt to link knowledge to action in teaching and learning activities.     

A case study of two exemplary biology teachers

Research has indicated that most science classrooms are not intellectually demanding and place little emphasis on small group discussions and laboratory activities. However, successful science programs and competent science teaching that can provide models for other science teachers do exist. This study sought to document the teaching practices of two exemplary biology teachers of grades 11 and 12 by means of an interpretive research methodology. Both teachers had a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the content they were to teach and had a range of teaching strategies that could be used without a great deal of thought. Their expectations for student performance were high, consistent, and firm. Students were expected to complete a high level of academic work in discussions, in problem work, and in laboratory activities, and were encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning. A distinctive feature of these biology classes was the high level of managerial efficiency, where lessons were busy occasions for both teacher and students; students had little opportunity for off-task behavior. Both teachers actively monitored the behavior of both high- and low-ability students by moving around the room and speaking with individuals, while still maintaining control of the entire class. By manipulating questioning and the social environment, both teachers encouraged students to engage in work, gave effective praise to the whole class and to individuals, encouraged student input by referring to it, helped students to effectively use their time, and gave marks for completion of set work. Compared to research with less-successful teachers, these teaching behaviors contributed to exemplary practice.     

基于人体骨架信息提取的学生课堂行为自动识别

利用计算机视觉技术和机器学习技术对学生课堂行为进行自动识别,是过程性评价的一种新方法,近年来逐渐引起了研究者的关注。文章以监控设备拍摄的实际课堂教学视频为数据源,采集、标注了学生课堂行为数据,提取了学生的人体骨架信息。在此基础上,文章采用Boosting算法和卷积神经网络算法,对基于这两类不同机器学习算法的5种模型进行了学生课堂行为自动识别准确率实验。实验结果表明,在学校教室这种识别比较困难的场景,基于人体骨架信息提取的学生课堂行为自动识别可以达到较高的精度,其中基于Boosting算法的XGBoost模型识别准确率最高。文章的研究推动了计算机视觉技术和机器学习技术的进一步应用,有助于解决学生课堂行为自动识别难题,并助力教师优化教学策略、提高教学效率。