浅谈联机联合编目规则及我馆图书编目工作

本文主要对国家图书馆联机联合编目中心修改后的联机编目规则进行评述，并结合我馆实际，提出在联机联合编目工作所遇到的问题及其解决方法。     

Mechanization of library procedures in the medium-sized medical library. IV. Physical characteristics of the acquisitions-cataloging record

Acquisitions-Cataloging records stored on magnetic tape by the Washington University School of Medicine Library were examined to determine frequency and average length of record components and their alphabetization requirements in a book catalog. Data from this study of 4,708 records will be used in adaptation of the Library's computer-based cataloging system to greater machine capabilities. The first of these two papers compares measurements found for WUSML records with those reported in studies of conventional catalog cards. The number of sorting positions used to alphabetize entries and causes of sort failure are examined in the second paper (Number V) which will be found on page 71 of this issue of the BULLETIN.     

Evolution of a processing system in a large biomedical library.

The processing system used in the UCLA Biomedical Library is modest in size and still under development. Its origins date back to a batch mode serials control system begun in the mid-1960s. This was converted to an on-line system which currently has modules for check-in, updating and retrieval, claims, bindery preparation, and invoice information. Titles can be retrieved at the terminal by search of any word in the title, by subject heading, language, country of publication, and type of publication. The system is adaptable to network use and at present is shared with one other library. To the serials system has been added a computer-assisted cataloging and card production system. The latter utilizes serials nucleus software as well as design for data input and data storage. In-house listings and coding procedures overlap in a general way. Work is under way on further integration of the two processing subsystems and a feasibility study has been completed for addition of a subsystem for acquisitions which will combine and adapt features of the other two; for example, information retrieval characteristics from both, catalog coding and programs for acceptance of data, serials programs for claims, and other output programs. Cost benefits of the subsystems are described and discussed.     

电子资源的编目策略

电子资源同传统纸质资源相比,具有数量大、更新快、多种载体表现并存等特点,且大部分出版机构能够提供数据源数据。这些特点决定了电子资源应采取与纸质文献不同的编目策略。电子资源编目的主要依据是《英美编目条例》的第9章、美国《国会图书馆条例解释》及全美期刊合作编目计划的规定。对于电子资源的编目,国外有单一记录编目法和分散记录编目法。北京大学图书馆采用后者,同时利用数据源数据批量自动编目。     

Dr. Osborn's 1941 "The Crisis in Cataloging"

This paper identifies the text of Dr. Andrew Osborn's 1941 "The Crisis in Cataloging" as a place where a shift in the shared set of assumptions governing cataloging rules and practices occurs. Cataloging from 1930-1942 was in a state of change and confusion. Existing guidelines of 1908 Cataloging Rules, the draft being revised which was to become the 1941 Anglo-American Code, and Library of Congress cards and practices all proved to contribute to the difficulties in cataloging rather than remedy them. Dr. Osborn functioned as a "gatekeeper" who understood and integrated the available intellectual discourse on American Pragmatism and introduces it to Librarianship. "The Crisis in Cataloging" articulates what the theoretical presuppositions are of the then-available guidelines, and explains the erros of their consequences. It is possible to identify in "Crisis" the introduction of four specific conceptual changes which become a part of the discourse and shared assumptions of cataloging. Each concept is shown to be possible because of ideas, values, and ways of thinking introduced by the philosophy of American Pragmatism.     

The NLM current catalog

When the National Library of Medicine acquired a computer to augment its publication program, the intent was to present in one medium an index to journal articles and a catalog of books and new serial titles. The computer programs designed for indexing were unsatisfactory for cataloging, however; so two publications were issued, the Index Medicus and the NLM Current Catalog.The Current Catalog features separate name and subject sections, added volumes, and technical reports.The Express Cataloging Service was one of the first attempts to increase the speed and coverage of the Catalog. Shared cataloging with the Library of Congress, the Countway Library at Harvard, and the Upstate Medical Library in Syracuse, New York, have also contributed to the efforts toward improving this library service. An additional shared cataloging program, this time with the National Medical Audiovisual Center, is expected to be implemented shortly.     

我国图书馆联合编目工作的思考

进入信息社会后,图书馆编目工作不再是个体行为,而是旨在建立具有一定规模的联合书目数据库,供各类图书馆共享书目资源和文献信息。本文从联合编目的意义出发,对目前我国图书馆联合编目中存在的问题进行总结,进而提出相应的对策。     

大学图书馆编目业务外包的实践和思考--以中山大学图书馆为例

编目外包分为初等层次、中等层次和高等层次的外包。中山大学珠海校区图书馆、东校区图书馆的建设,院系资料室管理体制的改革,读者对图书上架时间的更高要求,使得图书馆编目力量不足、编目滞后的问题更加突出。图书编目规范性的增强,书商和数据商的飞速发展使得编目外包成为可能。编目外包使中山大学图书馆待编图书积压的状况得到了缓解,新书上架的速度加快。该馆编目员工作的重心转变为主要承担赠书、特藏图书的编目,以及审校公司数据和指导外包编目工作。图书馆与外包商之间利益冲突,外包商编目员的水平欠缺和频繁更换影响了编目的质量。图书馆通过选择适合的外包商,选择合理的外包类型,发挥外包商的优势,加强培训和沟通、加强质量控制等措施可以促进编目外包的可持续发展。     

音像资料联合编目规则探讨

通过比较研究地方版文献联合采编协作网(CRLNet)几个有代表性成员馆的音像资料编目数据发现,目前国内图书馆的音像资料编目存在各自为政、编目数据大相径庭的现象,其主要原因是没有统一的编目规则。为统一CRLNet音像资料的著录规则,深圳图书馆征求各成员馆的意见并结合音像资料工作实践提出,音像资料的著录可以参见著录电子资源的某些字段,但是主体仍应该遵循录音、录像资料的编目规则。     

Original Cataloging at the New York Chiropractic College Media Resources Library

This article is about the conceptual framework of the original cataloging process that is used to catalog the audiovisual a materials at the New York Chiropractic College Media Resources Library. The cataloging norms serve as the conceptual underpinnings to the Cataloging Policy Manual of the New York Chiropractic College Media Resources Library. The paper describes the use of the various cataloging standards and policies that are used as well as the use and assignment of the National Library of Medicine classification to ensure access to the audiovisual collection.     

基于维护台账数据分析的索书号编制改善——以上海图书馆为例

维护馆藏编目数据,保证书目数据质量是图书馆编目人员的重要工作之一。索书号项作为字段中关键的一项,它的维护尤为重要。文章对上海图书馆的维护台账进行了数据分析,结合具体的实例详细分析了该馆错误索书号产生的原因,并提出减少索书号差错的措施,以提高馆藏书目数据的完整性、准确性和规范性。     

Mechanization of Library Procedures in the Medium-Sized Medical Library: XIV. Correlations between National Library of Medicine Classification Numbers and MeSH Headings

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of correlation between National Library of Medicine classification numbers and MeSH headings in a body of cataloging which had already been done and then to find out which of two alternative methods of utilizing the correlation would be best.There was a correlation of 44.5% between classification numbers and subject headings in the data base studied, cataloging data covering 8,137 books. The results indicate that a subject heading index showing classification numbers would be the preferred method of utilization, because it would be more accurate than the alternative considered, an arrangement by classification numbers which would be consulted to obtain subject headings.     

Report of a cooperative venture between the China Medical University library and the medical library of McGill University

In March/April 1986, the medical library at McGill University in Montreal, Canada signed a cooperative agreement with the China Medical University (CMU) Library in Shenyang, China. This paper analyzes the operations of the CMU library within the context of the Chinese system of medical education, health care delivery, and medical librarianship. The CMU library is described in terms of collections, cataloging procedures, filing, public services (reference, bibliographic instruction, circulation, copy service), interlibrary loans, networking, conservation of materials, and personnel. Some interesting comparisons are made between the two libraries with respect to holdings, services provided, and training of staff. The plans for future cooperation are outlined.     

Utility, library priorities, and cataloging policies

This paper seeks to provide a philosophical framework for choices made about library priorities and cataloging policy, the contexts in which they are made, and the consequences they have for users. The authors invoke the notion of utility as a philosophical backdrop for dealing with competing library choices and the fallout from those prioritizations. They then look at how general utilitarian principles can contextualize the layers of wants, needs, and resource allocations in the research library environment. Finally, they examine issues and recent developments at the Cornell University Library as a case study with which to illustrate some of these principles.     

A Review of “RDA Vocabularies for a Twenty-First-Century Data Environment”

Automation and economic cutbacks are forcing many large libraries to alter traditional organizational structures. This paper describes the reorganization of technical and public service activities in the University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign. The decentralization of original cataloging functions is examined, particularly as implemented in the Education and Social Science Library (ESSL), and the effect on management of original cataloging activities and cataloging norms is discussed.     

电子期刊编目方法新尝试——以清华大学图书馆的实践为例

清华大学图书馆原有的电子期刊编目方法在电子期刊种数激增的今天逐渐显现出不足。针对其不足,清华大学图书馆作出了两方面的调整:一是对已编目的电子期刊,将其856字段的$u子字段中的URL全部转换为指向电子期刊导航系统中该刊的地址;二是对未编目的电子期刊,用SFX知识库的数据生成简编MARC数据后导入书目系统。同时,电子期刊编目数据处理过程中应注意分类整理、添加附注说明、期刊更名等方面的问题,并且做好电子期刊书目数据的更新维护工作。     

Bibliographic control of audiovisuals: analysis of a cataloging project using OCLC

The staff of the Quillen-Dishner College of Medicine Library cataloged 702 audiovisual titles between July 1, 1982, and June 30, 1983, using the OCLC database. This paper discusses the library's audiovisual collection and describes the method and scope of a study conducted during this project, the cataloging standards and conventions adopted, the assignment and use of NLM classification, the provision of summaries for programs, and the amount of staff time expended in cataloging typical items. An analysis of the use of OCLC for this project resulted in the following findings: the rate of successful searches for audiovisual copy was 82.4%; the error rate for records used was 41.9%; modifications were required in every record used; the Library of Congress and seven member institutions provided 62.8% of the records used. It was concluded that the effort to establish bibliographic control of audiovisuals is not widespread and that expanded and improved audiovisual cataloging by the Library of Congress and the National Library of Medicine would substantially contribute to that goal.