Project-based learning in primary schools: effects on pupils' learning and attitudes

This study focuses upon the effectiveness of project-based learning on primary school pupils regarding their content knowledge and attitudes towards self-efficacy, task value, group work, teaching methods applied and peers from diverse ethnic backgrounds. A cross-curricular project was implemented within the curriculum area of environmental studies under the title of ‘sea animals’. The methodology applied in this study was the quasi-experimental research design. The findings of the present study support the view that pupils can gain benefits through project-based learning in obtaining content knowledge and group work skills and that they became less favourable to traditional teaching versus experiential learning. Motivation (self-efficacy and task value in terms of environmental studies) and developing positive attitudes towards peers from a different ethnic background were changed in moderate levels after the project.     

Improving the effectiveness of collaborative group work in primary schools: effects on science attainment

This longitudinal research tests the effectiveness of the SPRinG programme, which was developed through a collaboration between researchers and teachers and designed to provide teachers with strategies for enhancing pupil group work in ‘authentic’ classroom settings. An evaluation study involved comparing pupils in SPRinG classrooms and trained in group work skills with those who were not in terms of science attainment. There were 560 and 1027 pupils (8–10 years) in the experimental and control groups respectively. ‘Macro’ attainment data were collected at the start of the year. ‘Micro’ attainment data were collected in the spring and summer before and after science lessons involving either group work (intervention) or the control teachers' usual approach. SPRinG pupils made greater academic progress than control pupils. Findings are discussed relative to enhancing the quantity and quality of group work in schools and a social pedagogic approach to classroom learning.     

Computer supported collaborative learning in schools: a distributed approach

This paper briefly surveys current work in the emerging area of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) and describes how the technology can be extended to exploit communication between computers. A number of applications which might make use of network support, distributed CSCL, are reviewed and a simple prototype distributed CSCL application is described and evaluated. The work has highlighted issues concerning the value, viability and development of distributed CSCL software. It would appear that valuable opportunities for the development of such software exist but it is unclear how these applications might be developed using existing hardware. Conclusions are presented regarding the future of network supported CSCL.     

对小学开展研究性学习的几点思考

小学开展研究性学习要准确把握研究性学习的特点,要切实转变教学观念并组织好实施。     

Social capital and student learning: Empirical results from Latin American primary schools

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between social capital and student math and language achievement and the probability of promotion, using data gathered from fourth grade classrooms in public schools in four Latin American cities. The results suggest that social capital among teachers in a school, between teacher and students, and among the students in a classroom contribute significantly to learning achievement and the probability of promotion. Furthermore, social capital between the students matters at least as much as the teacher's social capital. Children learn from each other and the networks allowing that to happen can be very important. The current pressure on teachers to achieve results on reading and math scores has tended to push teachers to “teach to the test”. Ironically, this study's results indicate that spending time in creating social capital within the classroom environment is associated with higher language and math test scores.     

Leading learning and teaching primary schools

This article argues that to base educational policy largely on the results of comparative studies which measure differences in test scores could be dangerous and may lead to unintended consequences. It is especially important to take note of the socio-cultural, political and economic differences which often have deep historic roots. In particular, the paper challenges the assumption that education has been the central determinant in the economic growth of what have become known as the ‘tiger economies’ situated around the Pacific Rim.     

中小学语文综合性学习的呈现与把握

综合性学习开展有助于培养学生学习和探究的兴趣,中小学语文教材的综合性学习内容,从编排形式和活动方式上呈现出学科综合、校本主题综合、自由兴趣综合、跨学科综合等类型及特点。现阶段中小学综合性学习在教学中应如何把握,如何实施的教学策略是我们努力探讨并需要逐步解决的。     

Social reproduction and sex in German primary schools

To understand the relationship between social background and sex in schooling, we use Bourdieu’s theory of social reproduction and a feminist perspective of gender as practice. We pose two questions: (1) What is the relationship between economic and cultural capital and achievement for 4th-grade females versus males studying in Germany? (2) Is the relationship between school composition and student achievement different for 4th-grade females versus males? We report no differences between females and males in the relationships between social background and achievement (p > 0.05). However, the relationship between class-aggregated social background and achievement is halved in female-majority mathematics classrooms (β = -12.6, p < 0.05).     

如何提高农村小学合作学习的实效性

合作学习是新课程改革提出的三大学习方式之一。调查发现，当前农村小学合作学习方面存在着合作程度、学生参与程度、教师角色三个不到位的问题。文章在对这些问题及其原因作具体分析的基础上，提出了提高农村小学合作学习实效性的几点策略。     

Collective learning in primary schools and teacher education institutes

Many innovations in education are not completed, even if they are well thought out in advance. One of the main causes is the organization’s lack of learning ability, combined with a shortage of teachers’ and students’ ownership with respect to the renewal of ideas and design. In communities of learners, teachers and students collaborate and learn together in order to shape innovations in their daily practice. Their ability to learn collectively is a key factor in developing a learning organization. So far, insights into how processes of collective learning can be designed effectively, and which critical factors play a role, have been based on limited empirical research. This article’s goal is to contribute to the development of these insights, using the results of a study based on 48 cases of collective learning in communities of learners in primary schools and teacher education institutes. The results suggest that although collective learning rarely takes place in most cases, many outcomes are created that affect all community members. This leads to the conclusion that some participants create outcomes, not only on behalf of themselves but also on behalf of others.     

合作学习在小学英语教学中的应用

合作学习是我国新课程改革倡导的学习方式之一,教学要关注全体学生,促进所有学生的全面发展,合作学习在当今的教育中发挥中重要作用。本文首先介绍了合作学习的含义及其教育功能,进而探讨了合作学习应用于小学英语教学的具体策略     

Dyadic executive function effects in children's collaborative hypermedia learning

The current study investigated the extent to which executive functions (EF) affect how prior knowledge predicts hypermedia learning outcomes in primary school children. Learning outcomes were: individual knowledge and transfer, and dyadic assignment quality. Eighty-seven same-sex dyads participated in a hypermedia WebQuest assignment about the heart and living a healthy lifestyle. EF measures were action control and attention control. Dyadic analyses were performed using actor-partner interdependence models with dyads distinguished by EF. Analyses showed that one's own pre-test predicted one's own and partner's post-test for both higher and lower EF dyad members. Furthermore, for dyad members with relative higher EF only, their own and partner's pre-test predicted transfer. Finally, the lower action control dyad member's pre-test and the higher attention control dyad member's pre-test predicted assignment quality. These results show the importance of EF and prior knowledge for deeper conceptual understanding in a collaborative learning setting.     

Pupils' learning of science in primary schools: A system-level investigation

Summary The investigation into pupils' learning of science in primary schools has resulted in the development of instrumentation consistent with the aims and philosophy of the Primary Science Project. This instrumentation has been used to gather information on pupil performance on Process Skills and Science Concepts as well as information on pupil and teacher attitudes to science and other aspects concerning the learning of science. While analysis of the available data is continuing, review of the processes of the investigation and its early findings provide information for consideration by curriculum developers, test developers, those interested in system-level monitoring of key curriculum areas and teachers. The investigation is also likely to provide valuable data for the review of the instrumentation used in the study.     

小学阶段英语学习策略的动态研究

采用访谈和问卷调查的方法,对某大学附属小学更换英语学习教材前后学习策略的使用情况进行了调查,并录入SPSS做了配对样本t检验,结果发现:教材更换前后学生学习策略的使用情况具有显著差异性。学习策略的培训是提高学生学习策略运用的途径,但不是唯一途径,通过调查发现,学习内容的改变、学习任务的改变会导致学习策略的变化。     

Parents' representations of their children's mathematics learning in multiethnic primary schools

There is a growing concern that governmental calls for parental involvement in children's school mathematics learning have not been underpinned by research. In this article the authors aim to offer a contribution to this debate. Links between children's home and school mathematical practices have been researched in sociocultural studies, but the origins of differences within the same cultural group are not well understood. The authors have explored the notion that parents' representations of school mathematics and associated practices at home may play a part in the development of these differences. This article reports an analysis of interviews with parents of 24 children of Pakistani and White origin enrolled in primary schools in England, including high and low achievers in school mathematics. The extent to which the parents represented their own school mathematics and their child's school mathematics as the ‘same’ or ‘different’ are examined. In addition, ways in which these representations influenced how they tried to support their children's learning of school mathematics are examined. The article concludes with reflections on the implications of the study for education policy.