我国新闻诽谤诉讼中推定的滥用及其原因——中美新闻诽谤诉讼程序性责任的分担比较

与美国相比,我国新闻诽谤诉讼中媒体与记者诉讼负担重、败诉率居高不下,其重要原因是:我国对过错、损害赔偿由法官推定,美国则由原告证明;我国由媒体或记者对报道真实性负证明责任,美国由原告对报道的失实负证明责任。然而,深层原因是我国法律和司法界的以下问题:理论上对民法名誉权和宪法性言论自由权同等保护,但前者有系统的实体法和程序法的保障,操作性强,后者则无救济程序。     

高校图书馆图书选择遭遇大众冷漠化分析 ——基于公共选择视角

高校图书馆图书的公共物品性质决定着图书选择是一种公共选择,作为选择主体的师生所具有的经济人属性,导致图书选择过程中大众冷漠化问题的出现,并最终导致图书供给低效用。增强集体责任意识以克服个体经济理性、做好书目推荐工作以减少师生参与成本、构建激励机制以提供制度支持是消除冷漠化、促进大众参与图书选择的有效路径。     

How Disability Studies Scholars Interact with Subject Headings

Although several scholars of information organization have documented limitations in the way subject access standards represent marginalized topics, few have studied how users understand and address these limitations. This qualitative study investigates the information seeking behavior of nine scholars in the field of disability studies, focusing on how they interact with subject headings. The findings suggest that disability studies scholars often encounter and use non-preferred language when doing research and that they respond to this language in a variety of ways. The study also found that many participants prefer multidisciplinary search tools to subject-specific databases.     

网络环境下科技期刊编辑的信息选择

国际互联网的飞速发展,给编辑工作者带来机遇也带来了挑战,网络环境下信息的巨量产出,使得编辑工作中的信息选择显得尤为必要.论述网络环境下科技期刊编辑信息选择的必要性、信息选择的原则和方式,并探讨提高信息选择能力的途径.     

Information Empowers People to Build Careers

A majority of Americans surveyed indicated a need for occupational information and career planning assistance. Career counseling is a process of examining individual needs, goals, values, workplace issues, and personal constraints, as well as information about occupations, career ladders, options and specific employment opportunities, and relating all this information to make decisions about work and other career issues. Developmental theories of career counseling can be used as a framework for examining theories of career development. Other ways to examine career development are through occupational choices, work adjustment, a combination of choice and adjustment process theories, and decision-making. The role of the librarian is one of facilitating access to the abundance of career information available, and empowering patrons to use this information to make intelligent decisions about not only their careers, but also other areas of their lives as well.     

The Staging of Agency in Girls Gone Wild

This paper addresses the ambivalence produced by Girls Gone Wild (GGW) as both text and social practice by interrogating the ways in which it functions hegemonically by staging an effect of agency. I draw on Bakhtin's notion of the carnivalesque as a means to examine how contradictory spatio-temporal contexts of GGW function as spaces that offer the opportunity to momentarily transgress—yet simultaneously reify—white, bourgeois norms of femininity. The videos reinforce a neoliberalist mentality of personal responsibility through the inclusion of the consent—and dissent—processes on camera. After analyzing how postfeminist discourses emphasizing “individual choice” justify GGW as a mode of female empowerment, I turn to a complementary textual analysis of GGW's role-reversal counterpart, Guys Gone Wild (2004), in an effort to show the ways in which this “mirror image” text ultimately reinforces the structure of exploitation in the original.     

Negotiating Dis/Ability in Families: Constructions and Contradictions

This project uses a narrative view of identity to interrogate how individuals construct notions of ability and disability within their families. Participants include children with disabilities from diverse ethnic backgrounds, their parents, siblings, and extended family members. Interactions within four families are explored as well as interactions family members have with people outside their families. Interview and observational data demonstrate ways that participants construct identities that highlight intersections of ability/disability and individuality/relationships. Results indicate that families primarily construct identities of “normal” through their interactions and routines as they negotiate contradictions inherent in their everyday lives. Theoretic implications of narrative dimensions of constructions and contradictions are offered. Finally, practical applications for professionals and families of children with disabilities are suggested with future directions for research and practice.     

Copyright Information Management and the University Library: Staffing,Organizational Placement and Authority

Copyright plays a central role in numerous activities within higher education, and educating a university community about copyright law should be a priority, if only to protect the institution from lawsuits. But, based upon a literature review, institutions devote a more resources to other intellectual property activities – plagiarism detection, technology transfer and illegal file sharing management – than for general copyright education activities. Utilizing Mintzberg's organizational model and its discussion of organizational placement and legitimacy as a conceptual framework, this study explores the current copyright education structures among the universities that comprise the Consortium on Institutional Cooperation, otherwise known as the CIC or the Big Ten, to determine whether organizational placement, credentials of individuals, and resources devoted to this activity affect the legitimacy of the office and the authority of copyright officers to fulfill their responsibilities. The results of this study suggest that organizational placement, while it plays a role, is not nearly as important as the credentials of the individual in the position in conveying legitimacy.     

Library services for persons with disabilities: twentieth anniversary update

In recognition of the twentieth anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), this survey updates the progress and reflects on the status of academic health sciences library services for people with disabilities since the Nelson study in 1996. The results of this survey extend beyond academic libraries to hospital libraries and include areas where all libraries can improve disability access. Based on a 24% response rate, libraries have addressed accessibility of technology in cost-effective and relatively easy ways. Libraries are reactively rather than proactively making changes to services for persons with disabilities.     

‘Agonised Weeping’: Representing Femininity,Emotion and Infanticide in Edwardian Newspapers

Newspaper reports of actual or suspected infanticide were by no means unusual in early twentieth-century England, yet few of these ever resulted in conviction on the capital charge. This article traces the ways in which both local and national newspapers reported on one of the rare cases which a woman was sentenced to death for the murder of her baby: the 1909 trial of Alice Cleaver at the Central Criminal Court. Despite clear evidence of her guilt, newspapers focused instead on the ways in which the defendant had conformed to ideas about respectable femininity, and were united in depicting Cleaver as deserving of judicial and public sympathy. Comparing press reports of the trial with unpublished Home Office papers also reveals the deliberate silence of the press on matters which conflicted with the ‘standard’ representation of infanticide cases—including the fact that Cleaver had a learning disability.     

Delineating responsibility,decisions and compromises: a frame analysis of the fast food industry’s online CSR communication

This paper uses a frame analysis method to highlight the ways in which the quick-service restaurant (QSR) industry – or fast food restaurant industry – uses official websites to communicate messages about nutrition and health to consumers and other relevant publics, especially using the language of corporate social responsibility. In the context of the increasing association of QSR industry food to the obesity epidemic in the U.S.A., several large fast-food chains have developed elaborate communication strategies to address the health concerns among the general public of their foods. Using a frame analysis method, I demonstrate that the industry consistently draws on metaphors of ‘individual responsibility’ and ‘personal choice’ in choosing healthy food, while establishing the primary role of moderation and exercise in preventing obesity. As a contribution to the field of PR, this emic frame analysis features an integrative approach that combines both message features in context with message intention. I also discuss practical applications of the study findings.     

图书馆版权涉讼案件诉因、涉嫌侵权行为类型与相关法律问题分析

文章归纳了图书馆版权诉讼的侵犯信息网络传播权、署名权和作品原件所有权三个诉因,提炼了诉讼中涉嫌侵权行为类型,并对侵犯作品原件所有权、侵犯署名权、以镜像站点方式订购与使用电子文献数据库的法律问题以及网站深度链接问题进行了分析,为图书馆规避版权诉讼风险提供了相关建议.     

Measuring Online Communication Attitude: Instrument Development and Validation

This paper reports a series of studies that develop an empirically-derived instrument for assessing online communication attitude, a multidimensional set of individual cognitive-affective constructs that influence media choice. The first study inductively develops an initial item pool and tests dimensional structure via exploratory factor analysis. The second study further refines this structure and also tests the association between online communication attitude and media use in same-sex friendships. Finally, the third study deductively tests global model fit via confirmatory factor analysis, and establishes concurrent validity with theoretically related communication constructs. Beyond identifying motives underlying media choice, the instrument developed here possesses heuristic potential for clarifying media choice theory and elaborating the association between communication competence and media choice.     

实时型网上参考咨询的效用分析

在对国外图书馆虚拟咨询服务考察的基础上，作者认为目前图书馆的实时型虚拟咨询项目用户少、成本高，提出了摆脱这种困境的几种可能方案，包括重视电话咨询、完善e—mail咨询、整合各种咨询方式和构建基于Web的用户自助虚拟咨询系统。最后从项目目标、咨询员的影响和成本效益分析三个角度探讨了虚拟咨询方式的选择。     

管辖权争议：数字图书馆侵权案件辩诉的适用法律思考

数字图书馆网络侵权案中的管辖权是审理中的新问题。管辖权抗辩是数字图书馆领域可以用来对抗侵权诉讼主要事由之一。应该基于立法的基本价值取向,调整和完善相关的法律法规,引入欧美司法界较为成熟的管辖权理论。参考文献4。     

Reference Services for All: How to Support Reference Service to Clients with Disabilities

Summary

Ideally, when clients come in to the library, reference staff should be able to focus on their information needs and not be distracted by the disability. Questions like “How will he get into the building?”, “How can she use the catalogue?” and others, become important because they indicate barriers to the use of the library by persons with disabilities. If these are not addressed on an organizational level, they affect the individual with the disability, the service provider, i.e., the reference librarian, and the quality of the service provided.     

Cost analyses of predation involving free circulation subsidiaries of paid newspapers

The complexities of cost allocation in predatory pricing lawsuits involving pricing of free circulation subsidiaries are examined in this article. The author discusses three methods for allocating costs to find evidence of below‐cost sales and argues that proportional cost allocation provides the most balanced treatment of the interests of plaintiffs and defendants.     

高校学报编辑部局域网的组建

网络技术的发展给人们的生活和工作带来了许多便利,同时也对高校学报编辑部各项工作的方式、方法和手段等产生根本性的改变.根据目前学报编辑部的特点及局域网建设的状况,介绍了局域网拓扑结构的选择、操作系统的选择及网络参数的设置等,为学报编辑部局域网的组建提供参考.     

数字时代图书馆的合作与资源共享-写在《图书馆合作与信息资源共享武汉宣言》发表之后

结合《图书馆合作与信息资源共享武汉宣言》,分析了图书馆信息资源共享的科学发展观的内涵,讨论了数字时代图书馆合作与资源共享的发展策略,认为广泛的馆际合作与资源共享是我国高校图书馆的一项战略选择,图书馆间的合作模式决定信息资源共享的举措,法制化与标准化建设是维系图书馆事业发展的得力杠杆,并就如何贯彻落实宣言的精神提出建设性意见。