Analyzing Challenges to Library Materials: An Incomplete Picture

This research project used Freedom of Information requests to obtain public records from Alabama institutions about challenges to materials in public schools and public libraries. Challenges occur when a patron objects to certain content. In this analysis, we examine the records of challenges. The research questions were as follows: How many challenges occur in public schools and libraries? What is the nature of these challenges? Are there institutional or demographic factors that are correlated to the occurrence of challenges? In this exploratory study, the number of reported challenges was surprisingly low. We investigated whether reported challenges were related to certain institutional or demographic factors, but did not find any discernible relationships. The data suggest that most challenged material is retained, but that librarians may be self-censoring to reduce controversy in their collections.     

印度独立后新闻自由政策的转折点

大家族财团控制着印度的报刊,政府与这些财团之间的矛盾主要表现为政府与财团报刊的冲突。英·甘地时期这种冲突逐渐加剧,在1975年的紧急时期达到顶点,英·甘地政府实行严格的新闻检查,压制新闻自由。紧急状态结束后,执政的人民党政府废除了新闻检查制度,恢复了新闻自由。     

Use of social networks and information seeking behavior of students during political crises in Pakistan: A case study

This study was undertaken to investigate the use of social networks and political activism on the Internet by the students of three universities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi during the political crises for the last one year and the emergency imposed by the Government of Pakistan on November 3, 2007. The findings conclude that Internet use by the students promoted democracy, freedom of expression and greater awareness about their rights during the political crises in Pakistan.

The survey method of research was used to collect data. The sample consisted of 420 students studying at the Quaid-e-Azam University Islamabad, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, and International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan. The questionnaire was sent to the students by email. The survey was administered through SurveyMonkey website. The response rate was 72.23%.

The paper is a useful source of information about how the social networking tools have been influencing and changing communication channels in Pakistan.     

中小学教科书编审流程——以语文教科书为例

中小学教科书强调政策导向性、经典性、规范性和可操作性,其编写和审查有着固定而严格的程序,对参与工作的人员有一些特殊的要求.     

言论出版条款的理解

文章以中国宪法与言论出版自由有关的条文内涵为出发点,结合联合国(包括地区性)人权条约确立的表达自由的人权标准和其他国家保护表达自由的司法实践,提出了正确理解言论出版条款和文艺创作条款的路径,解释了宪法相关规定的含义,并在此基础上阐明了从立法和司法两个方面完善我国现有的言论出版自由制度的必要性和紧迫性。     

浅析美国出版言论审查的特点

分析美国出版的言论审查史,总结其出版言论审查的特点:1)其审查多通过立法实施,并由法院定谳,但美国各法院并非立国之初便支持出版言论自由,期间多有反复;2)美国各行政机关极少赤裸裸地干涉出版言论活动,但善于利用民意压制出版言论自由;3)美国战时的出版言论审查明显严于和平时期。     

是畅销书,又是禁书——从《哈利·波特》看美国的图书馆权利

从图书馆权利中图书馆选择和收藏资料的自由、读者阅读和接受信息的自由出发,对《哈利·波特》系列图书在学校图书馆限制借阅的案例进行了评析,重点呈现了案件所体现出的将图书馆权利上升到宪法高度加以保护、通过司法判例确立具有法律效力的可操作性原则、对相关判例的直接援引以及法院之友等美国司法制度的显著特征,并对案例的社会影响作了简要概括。     

图书馆的馆员沉默现象及其破解对策

馆员沉默是指馆员对图书馆存在的问题选择沉默并保留观点,或者提炼和过滤自己的观点的一种行为。这种现象的存在是由社会文化、图书馆、馆长和部门主任、同事以及馆员自身的原因造成的,并对图书馆和馆员产生消极的影响。根据其形成机制,可以采取发挥图书馆组织文化的导向功能、建设学习型图书馆、革新图书馆管理模式、建立有效的沟通体系、创建馆员激励机制等应对措施,扭转\"馆员沉默\"现象。     

传媒公共性:概念的解析与应用

传媒公共性是在传媒体制规训下传媒实践公开性、批判性和公益性理念所产生的社会公器属性,包括应然和实然的双重含义,涵盖理念、体制和实践三个层面。传媒公共性问题实质是媒体与民主的关系问题,尤其是传媒自身的民主化问题,核心是传媒与政府、市场、公众之间的关系或传媒管理体制问题。考察传媒公共性,需区分应然的理想和实然的表现,采用历史的、动态的、政治的、阶级的观点去分析,区分展示的、操纵的公共性与批判的公共性。传媒公共性概念应用于中国,应当以哈贝马斯的公共性理念作为价值规范,同时结合我国传媒体制对传媒实践展开具体分析。     

公共服务体系下的图书馆服务的"公共性"解读

图书馆服务是公共服务体系的一个重要组成部分,是实现公共文化服务目标的主要形式与内容。公共文化服务的公共性决定了图书馆服务的公共性,图书馆服务的公共性主要表现在：范围的普遍性、内容的均等性、目标的基本性、制度的公平性、投入的公益性、结果的可获得性、方式的开放性。     

Freedom of information legislation and its impact on press freedom: A cross-national study

This empirical study examines the effect of the Freedom of Information legislation on press freedom by analyzing cross-sectional data at the national level of aggregate indicators across 191 countries in 2010. The prediction by two-stage least square regression found that the impact of the legislation on press freedom is determined by control of corruption, the type of political regime (democratic or authoritarian regime), and the level of national economy. For recent adopters of the legislation, it could be no more than a legislative luxury. As the legislative effect on press freedom is mostly limited to less corrupt, advanced industrial democracies, the workings of the legislation require political and economic prerequisites.     

北美图书馆智识自由奖项研究

图书馆智识自由奖项是图书馆界维护智识自由的一种行动.北美自1969年起,先后设立了11项图书馆智识自由奖项.论文采用历史研究和比较研究的方法,以基于时间线索归纳得出的研究指标体系为框架,从设立时间、设立宗旨、奖项命名、奖项管理、获奖条件、评奖周期及时间、评选方法、奖励方式、报道和评论的媒体、报道和评论的内容、奖项的影响等11个方面,对北美图书馆智识自由奖项进行分析和比较,从而反映北美图书馆智识自由的观念、体系和保护机制.     

Gendered Expectations for “Agreeableness” in Response to Requests and Opinions

To address the need for more direct assessment of gendered expectations for communication behaviors, we devised a novel experimental approach that tests whether expectations for “agreeableness” are more salient when evaluating male or female speakers in their affirmative responses to a friend’s request or expression of opinion. Briefly, as lag times are introduced, it appears that females are expected to be more agreeable (or male delay is more tolerated), particularly when alignment with opinion is at stake or when a female is responding to another female. Findings are discussed in the context of Expectation Violations Theory.     

论信息公开政策与政府公信力的提升——兼议2008中国新闻政策的变化

信息公开政策的的确立和实行是提升政府公信力的重要基础,并有利于提高政府运作的透明度。2008年中国新闻政策的变化主题是信息公开,作者对08年我国信息公开政策形成的四个阶段及其特点进行了历时性分析,并指出了其在中国新闻传播发展历史上的意义。     

公共性与我国人文图书馆学的走向

文章首先指出我国图书馆学的人文化是一项渐进的事业,然后提请应对图书馆的公共性缺失问题注意,接着对我国人文图书馆学的公共性进行了一定的分析,最后论述从公共性出发,完善我国人文图书馆学的走向。     

新媒体环境下图书馆宣传推广创新模式初探

新媒体给我们的工作和生活带来了翻天覆地的变化。在这样的环境下,图书馆的宣传推广工作同样面临着机遇与挑战。以新媒体为载体,实现图书馆宣传推广的新模式,跨越式地实现图书馆品牌战略,为更多的读者带来全新体验的服务,是图书馆宣传推广的必然趋势。     

Removal of Gay‐Themed Materials from Public Libraries: Public Opinion Trends, 1973–2006

Gay images have slowly become integrated into mainstream cultural venues over the last forty years, including publishing. Studies show that gay‐themed materials in libraries are targets of censorship attempts. Are these attempts reflections of the opinions of the majority of the population or of a vocal minority? The information in this study contributes over thirty years of trend data on the general public's views of the censorship of gay‐themed materials in libraries. This information can be useful to library policy makers and those faced with materials challenges.     

论英国诽谤法改革的趋势

英国司法部2011年3月15日向议会提交诽谤法修改草案,并向公众咨询意见。草案对英国诽谤法的抗辩原则作出较大修改,其总体方向是在坚持传统基础上,对言论自由给予较大保护。如果草案获得通过,英国多年通行的诽谤法规则将会作出重大调整,这一改革,对适用普通法的其他国家或地区会有示范作用,对中国亦有启示。