John Wilson and the Place of Morality in Education

This paper asks whether it would be better not to talk about morality in schools. The issue is raised through a consideration of changes in public discourse and especially in educational discourse, where categories such as ''personal, social and health education'' and ''citizenship education'' are more salient than ''moral education''. Drawing on John Wilson's arguments, the paper considers claims for the indispensability of the concept of morality. It is argued that such claims, in Wilson's own writings, are applied to both an ''individual'' and a ''social'' conception of morality. Contrary to Wilson, the paper argues that the ''wisest strategy'' for public education is to take the social conception of ''morality in the narrow sense'' as a central focus.     

Laboring in 'borderless' world: The threat of globalization

This essay explores the meaning of ''globalization'' and places the current setting of the Mexico-U.S. border in historical context with reference to the process of ''globalization.'' It argues that if the current phase of capitalism merits the new label of ''globalization,'' it does so for reasons related to the new magnitude of corporate power. Transnational corporations have the power to undermine national sovereignty and the legitimacy of political systems even in the democratic republics of the West. The essay highlights aspects of the maquiladora industry in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, and the economy of El Paso, Texas, and suggests that the experience of this border region heralds changes in store for other regions of the United States and Western Europe: ''globalization'' is bringing about a convergence between the ''First'' and ''Third'' worlds.     

Processes of 'Change' and 'Continuity' in Educational Psychology--Part I

The present paper is concerned with processes of 'change' and 'continuity' and their application to educational psychology. It argues that educational psychologists (EPs) need to be aware of and reflect regularly about 'change' and 'continuity' in their profession as a means of evaluating their own short- and long-term development. Such examination includes assessing the impact of external changes on EP practice. In identifying conceptual features of 'change' and 'continuity', the paper claims that 'change' is 'learning', and suggests a list of prerequisites if change is considered. The paper also provides the foundation for the presentation of an exploratory research project into 'change' and 'continuity' in educational psychology, discussed in Part II.     

马克思对卢梭人民主权思想的继承与超越

人民主权是政治哲学研究的核心内容,也是社会发展和政治文明进步的标志。卢梭从资本主义私有制造成人类社会不平等的角度提出了人民主权理论,强调了人民主权的不可分割、不可代表和至高无上性。卢梭的人民主权思想对马克思权力思想的形成产生了重要影响,其关于法律、政府和主权的论述是马克思建立人民主权国家的理论基础。但是,卢梭的人民主权思想并未跳出时代的限制,本质上是一种抽象的、理想主义的设想。马克思的人民主权思想从物质生产和物质生产关系中现实的人出发,对实现主权在民的社会理想提出了现实的方法论指导,是对卢梭思想的超越和发展。     

列宁的“四月转向”及其限度——从季诺维也夫对“不断革命论”批判说起

围绕列宁的"四月转向"及其限度问题,讨论季诺维也夫对托洛茨基"不断革命论"的批判。文章从是否存在列宁的"四月转向"(俄国革命是二阶段抑或一阶段)、"四月转向"中的农民问题、列宁"四月转向"的限度(托洛茨基在列宁身后对"不断革命论"的完成)三个方面加以论述,从而澄清了列宁在二月革命后的理论变化及其与"不断革命论"的关系。     

Assembling and assessing the 'child-student': The 'child' as a criterion of assessment

The assessment of literacy continues to be the focus of debate. Attention has been given to textual features of students' writing, such as vocabulary, grammar and generic structures. We demonstrate how students' success in school is also dependent on their enactment of the category 'child'. We examine the micro-sociological issue of how students and a teacher interpret and deploy practices appropriate to their status as 'child-student' and 'adult-teacher'. Drawing on work that examines the day-to-day, moment-by-moment enactment of institutional and folk theories of the 'child', we interrogate classroom talk and students' writing for the versions of the 'child' constructed there, the manner in which suppositions about the nature of childhood are enacted, and the implications of normative presumptions about the nature of the 'child' for students' assessment.     

Can SpRY recognize any PAM in human cells?

The application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) can be limited due to a lack of compatible protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequences in the DNA regions of interest. Recently, SpRY, a variant of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9), was reported, which nearly completely fulfils the PAM requirement. Meanwhile, PAMs for SpRY have not been well addressed. In our previous study, we developed the PAM Definition by Observable Sequence Excision (PAM-DOSE) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)‍-reporter systems to study PAMs in human cells. Herein, we endeavored to identify the PAMs of SpRY with these two methods. The results indicated that 5''-NRN-3'', 5''-NTA-3'', and 5''-NCK-3'' could be considered as canonical PAMs. 5''-NCA-3'' and 5''-NTK-3'' may serve as non-priority PAMs. At the same time, PAM of 5''-NYC-3'' is not recommended for human cells. These findings provide further insights into the application of SpRY for human genome editing.     

What Counts as 'Success'? Hierarchical discourses in a girls' comprehensive school

In the UK, as in many parts of the world, educational policy is dominated by the 'standards agenda': the top-down drive to improve students' performance in examinations. Simultaneously, there is policy emphasis on (differing versions of) 'inclusive education', and mainstream schools are exhorted to remove barriers to learning and participation for students who would until recently have been educated separately in special schools. This paper examines one of the many tensions between these two policy imperatives. Using findings from an ethnographic study in one comprehensive girls' school in an English city, I identify three distinct versions of educational 'success'--'dominant', 'consolation' and 'really disabled'. This paper explores how students identified as having 'special educational needs' position themselves and are positioned by the three discourses, and suggests that the hierarchisation of what can count as 'success' is an important dimension in the enduring reproduction of educational and societal inequalities.     

Social reproduction and education policy

The last half-century of sociology of education is littered with the debris of functionalist theories about social reproduction, inequality and class. This article discusses 'progressive 'and 'conservative 'readings of arguments about social reproduction and explores the consequences for the sociology and the politics of education with reference to supposed 'influence ' and 'audience'. New Labour's embrace of the school effectiveness/improvement movement and the introduction of the Sure Start programme illustrate that while 'social reproduction' is still a concern for sociologists of education, policy-makers have more 'practical' concerns.     

元代公案剧中清官形象的社会批判功能探析

学术界一般认为元代公案剧中的清官形象只是下层百姓理想与愿望的体现,只有少数学者注意到了它的社会批判功能。杂剧作家塑造清官形象的社会批判功能主要表现在:通过清官对官场的忧惧情绪,让人们体会到元代政治生态的险恶;通过清官在忠君与保民间的两难抉择,让人们认识到元代阶级压迫的深重;又通过清官们普遍的"徇情枉法"的做法,让人们感受到元代司法制度的疏漏与不公。元代公案剧中的清官形象如同一面镜子,映照出了元代社会的纷纭万象。     

论李大钊的儿童教育思想

李大钊十分关注儿童的生存发展和教育状况,重视对儿童进行早期教育。他主张教育要尊重儿童的天性,要开阔儿童视野,尤其要注重对儿童良好道德品质的培养。李大钊的儿童教育思想对于现在的学校和家庭教育仍具有重要的启迪和借鉴意义。     

Each One Unique

A young mother shares the stories of her two sons'' births. Her first birth experience was complicated by muscle spasms and changes in her baby''s heart rate during labor and, later, by medical problems with her baby in the days after birth. The mother''s strength and commitment shine through at every twist and turn during labor and the days after her son''s birth. Two years later, in contrast to her first son''s birth, the mother''s second son was born so quickly that labor presented a different set of challenges. The mother''s confidence in birth and in herself are essential facets of the stories of the births of her two sons.     

Performativity,Post-modernity and the University

The article identifies, comparatively, the crisis of the contemporary university as both government policies, in several countries, and the post-modern critique, notably Lyotard's, highlight the reconstruction of university systems around 'performativity' in an increasingly competitive international economic world. The comparative motif of the article is sustained less around concepts of 'mass' and 'elite' higher education systems than around the aggressive interventions in the definition of university knowledge by governmental insistence on a certain kind of 'product' from universities, and careful measures of their 'productivity'. The immediate consequences, as far as they are yet known, for university cultures are identified, especially the corrosive effects of the redefinition of 'quality control' and the displacement of academic leadership by a culture of 'management'. The final argument in the article is that the university in several systems of higher education is undergoing a process of 'attenuation' in its financial, pedagogic, personnel and research relationships.     

Moving on (part 1): The physics of power and curriculum history

This is the first of two papers that map (dis)continuities in notions of power from Aristotle to Newton to Foucault. They trace the ways in which bio-physical conceptions of power became paraphrased in social science and deployed in educational discourse on the child and curriculum from post-Newtonian times to the present. The analyses suggest that, amid ruptures in the definition, role, location and meaning given 'power' historically in various 'physical' and 'social' cosmologies, the naming of 'power' has been dependent on 'physics', on the theorization of motion across 'Western' sciences. This first paper examines some (dis)continuities in regard to histories of motion and power from Aristotelian 'natural science' to Newtonian mechanics.     

Rousseau and the image of 'modern education'

The concept of 'modern education' is directly connected with Rousseau's theory of education. It is often said that Rousseau 'founded' modern education, or at least was its most influential predecessor. The paper argues that 'modern learning' or 'experimental education' was discussed within the late-17 th century 'quarrel of the ancients and moderns'. After this historically important debate, education and learning could be connected with the open experience of modern science. When compared to this tradition, Rousseau was not a modern writer. His concept of education has been far too paradoxical to serve as a groundwork for what was considered to be 'modern' or 'progressive education' at the end of the 19 th century. The image of progressive education was strengthened by child psychology, especially by theories of learning and development. Rousseau's stoic concept of 'negative education' is in many respects the opposite to such a viewpoint.     

The Roles of Achievement-Related Behaviours and Parental Beliefs in Children's Mathematical Performance

This study aimed to investigate the developmental dynamics between children's mathematical performance, the task-focused versus task-avoidant behaviours they show in the classroom, and their parents' beliefs concerning their school competence. The mathematical performance of 111 six- to seven-year-old children was tested, and their task-focused versus task-avoidant behaviours were rated by their teachers four times during their first school year. Parents filled in questionnaires measuring their skill-specific and general beliefs about their children's school competencies at the beginning and at the end of the school year. The results showed that parents' beliefs in their children's general school competence increased their children's task-focused behaviours at school, which further predicted the child's high level of maths performance. Parents' beliefs in their children's competence in mathematics, in turn, contributed directly to the children's high mathematical performance. Moreover, children's high performance increased parents' subsequent beliefs in their children's mathematical competence, whereas children's task-focused behaviours predicted parents' beliefs in their children's overall school performance.     

Playful Disruptions

This article challenges the 'ghettoisation' of play in Early Years contexts and argues for a reassertion of its underlying importance for learning throughout the primary school and beyond. It argues for a rethinking of play in terms of 'flow' and the implications for teachers' understanding of their role when they intervene and participate 'inside the flow' of children's play. It illustrates and addresses these issues, which are crucial if 'lifelong learning' is to be anything other than a rhetorical gesture, through the experiences of teachers, trainees and children and challenges the 'mindblindness' of many current attitudes towards teaching and learning.     

李大钊民生思想的发展脉络与根本质变

李大钊非常关注民生问题,如何改善民生是贯穿他一生的思考主题之一。李大钊的民生思想经历了从传统思想影响下对民生的关注,到主张资本主义民主政体下用国家政策改善民生,再到马克思主义革命理论指导下进行社会主义革命彻底改革民生的转变历程,发生了根本质变。这种质变体现于关注范畴、主客体转变及解决途径等方面。李大钊民生思想是中国共产党早期民生思想的重要组成部分,具有重要的历史意义。