Table of Contents

Introduction, Context, and Overview Why Focus on Immigrants? Immigrant as a Conceptual Term Definitions of Key Terms Limitations of the Monograph Organization of the Monograph A Context for Immigration in the United States Theoretical Foundation: Immigrant Student College Transition and Persistence Neo-Racism Social-Ecological Model Acculturation and Assimilation Theories Social Capital Theory Conclusion Access to Higher Education for Immigrant Students Generational Status Socioeconomic Status English Language Proficiency Parental Involvement and Expectations Financial Aid Conclusion Collegiate Experience of Immigrant Students College Adjustment and Persistence Psychological Development and Acculturation Social Identity Development Career Aspirations and Development Conclusion Undocumented Students and Higher Education Background on Undocumented Immigrants Federal Legislation and Undocumented Students State Approaches to Undocumented Students and Higher Education Opposition to In-state Tuition Rates for Undocumented Students Conclusion Immigrant Students and Community Colleges Relevant Research on Immigrants at Community Colleges Issues Related to Immigrant Students in Community Colleges Innovative Programs for Educating Immigrants Conclusion Concluding Thoughts Suggestions for Future Research Implications for Policy and Practice Conclusion Notes Appendix References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors     

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Introduction, Context, and Overview Definitions and Conceptual Framework Major Theoretical Perspectives on Student Success in College Sociological Perspectives Organizational Perspectives Psychological Perspectives Cultural Perspectives Economic Perspectives Summary The Foundation for Student Success: Student Background Characteristics, Precollege Experiences, and Enrollment Patterns Student Demographics Family and Peer Support Academic Preparation and Motivation to Learn Enrollment Choices and Patterns Summary Student Behaviors, Activities, and Experiences Associated with Student Success College Activities A Closer Look at Engagement in Effective Educational Practices Student Characteristics Summary Notes Institutional Conditions Associated with Student Success Structural and Organizational Characteristics Programs and Practices Summary Propositions and Recommendations for Student Success in Postsecondary Education Propositions and Recommendations Needed Research A Final Word Appendix A: Note on Research Methods Appendix B: Indicators of Student Success in Postsecondary Education References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors     

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Introduction Postsecondary Attainment Economic Implications of Low Educational Attainment Organization of This Monograph Demographic, Social, and Cultural Background A Demographic Dividend? Ethnic Subgroups Cultural and Social Influences Summary Classic and Contemporary Theories of Latino Identity Development Ethnic and Racial Identity Development in College Students Supporting Latino Students in Identity Development Summary Challenges to Latino Student Success Casting Success Within a Broader Societal Context Role of Resources Summary Mainstream Approaches to Latino Student Success Academic Capital Financial Capital Cultural Capital Social Capital Summary Culturally Responsive Approaches to Latino Student Success Family Concerns Assumptions About Latinos' Background and Potential Campus Racial/Ethnic Climate Conclusion The Role of Hispanic-Serving Institutions in Access and Equity Historical Background and Funding of HSIs Students in HSIs Faculty and Administrators at HSIs Emerging Hispanic-Serving Institutions Challenges for HSIs Summary Conclusion and Implications Role of Demographics and Social and Cultural Factors Developing Culturally Responsive Research, Policy, and Practice Institutionalizing Strategies to Serve Latino Students Teaching and Learning in the Classroom Role of Finances Collaborative Research Role of State Legislators and Policymakers Role of Federal Representatives and Agencies Final Thoughts References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors     

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Executive Summary Foreword Overview Defining Interdisciplinarity The Disciplines, Interdisciplinarity, and the University Interdisciplinarity, Learning, and Cognition Interdisciplinarity and the Practice of Research Faculty and Institutional Structure: The Conflict of Interdisciplinarity Best Practices Related to Interdisciplinary Education Implications for Practice and the Future of Interdisciplinarity Defining Interdisciplinarity Conceptualizing the Disciplines Conceptualizing Interdisciplinary Knowledge Conclusion The Disciplines, Interdisciplinarity, and the University The Historical Influence of the Disciplines on Teaching and Learning Interdisciplinary Initiatives in Twentieth-Century American Higher Education Conclusion Interdisciplinarity, Learning, and Cognition The Disciplinary Basis of College Student Learning Defining Interdisciplinary Curricula in Higher Education Conclusion Interdisciplinarity and the Practice of Research Challenges to the Practice of Interdisciplinary Research Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education Conclusion Faculty and Institutional Structure: The Conflict of Interdisciplinarity Interdisciplinarity, Faculty, and Change in Higher Education Achieving Institutional Goals and Interdisciplinary Faculty Engagement Fostering Faculty Connections Across Institutional Boundaries Modifying Activity Systems to Encourage Interdisciplinarity Conclusion Best Practices Related to Interdisciplinary Education Dedicated Organizational and Physical Space Student-Centered Pedagogy Focus on Problem- or Theme-Based Learning Curriculum Shaped Through a Variety of Interdisciplinary Learning Experiences Culminating Capstone Project or Student Portfolio Focus on Collaborative Learning Rather Than Mastery of a Particular Content Use of Independent Study, Internships, and Experiential Learning Goal of Preparing Students for a Complex, Modern Interdisciplinary Future Conclusion References Name Index Subject Index About the Author     

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Executive Summary Foreword Acknowledgments Foundations of Educational Inequality: Cultural Capital and Social Reproduction Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Social Reproduction Cultural Capital and Education Promises and Pitfalls of Cultural Capital in Educational Research Uses and Abuses of Cultural Capital in Educational Research Methodological Approach and Analysis Definitions of Cultural Capital in Educational Research Cultural Capital in Educational Research Conclusion “Strikes and Gutters”: Examining Applications and Interpretations of Cultural Capital The Merits of Cultural Capital in Educational Research Substantive Limitations of Cultural Capital Methodological Limitations of Cultural Capital Applications Conclusion Revolutionary Possibilities? The Future of Cultural Capital in Educational Research Theoretical Considerations Methodological Considerations Educational Practice Applications of Cultural Capital Research Conclusion Notes References Name Index Subject Index About the Author     

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Executive Summary Foreword Acknowledgments Women's Status in Higher Education: Background and Significance Guiding Assumptions and Questions Historical Context Legislative and Policy Initiatives Women in the Curriculum Scholarship Organization of this Monograph Framing Women's Status Through Multiple Lenses Why Theory? Why Feminist Theory? Multiple Frames Summary Examining Women's Status: Access and Representation as Key Equity Indicators Women's Access to Postsecondary Education Representation of Women Students in Higher Education Cocurricular Representation Graduate Students Faculty Women Staff in Higher Education Women and Governing Boards Summary Examining Women's Status: Campus Climate and Gender Equity Classroom Climate Climate Beyond the Classroom Climate for Women Staff, Faculty, and Administrators Salary Equity Summary Advancing Women's Status: Analyzing Predominant Change Strategies Organizing Schemes Enhancing Gender Equity Summary Implications and Recommendations Recommendations for Further Research Implications Recommendations for Practice Summing Up References Name Index Subject Index About the Author     

Table of Contents

Qualitative Inquiry for Equity in Higher Education On Equity On Dangers Responding to Dangers Outline of the Monograph Challenge to the Reader Confronting Qualitative Inquiry in Higher Education Brief Notes on Qualitative Research in Higher Education Scholarship Beyond Method: Matters of Ontology, Epistemology, Axiology, and Methodology Paradigms and Worldviews The Promise and Hope of Critical Qualitative Inquiry Innovation as Research Revolutions Concluding Thoughts Critical Concerns for Qualitative Inquiry in Higher Education Critical Qualitative Higher Education Research in the Era of Methodological Conservatism What Is at Stake in the Era of Methodological Conservatism? Opportunities for Resisting Methodological Conservatism: A Call to Action Reflexivity as Intervention Institutional and Organizational Intervention Intervention Through the Socialization of New Educational Researchers Intervention Through Working and Speaking with Multiple Educational Research Constituencies Conclusion Notes References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors     

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Introduction Trends in University Governance Challenges to University Governance Structures Governance Structures in Historical Perspective Governance, Management, and Leadership Depicting Institutional Structure Shared Governance AAUP Versus AGB Perceptions Accountability and Program Review Structural and Cultural Elements of Governance Organizational Culture Trustees' Perspectives Organizational Culture and Governance Competing Perspectives and Expectations Expectations of Faculty, Administrators, and Trustees Facing the Fundamental Challenges Governance from a Presidential Perspective Evolving Issues in the Twenty-First-Century University A Port for Every Pillow Organizational Learning, Leadership, and Change The George Mason Case The Case of the Institutes of Business at the University of the West Indies Governance: State and Campus Surveys Toward a More Effective System Governance: Attitudes and Perceptions Emphases Emerging from the Literature Governance and Teaching and Learning The Environmental Context for Education Organizational Culture and Learning Governance, Information Technology, and Distance Education The Impact of Information Technologies New Models of Higher Education Governance Structures and Educational Technologies E-Learning: Policy Issues and Impact Resource Allocation and Governance Responsibility-Centered Management Performance-Based Program Budgeting: The Basic Questions Caveats and Adjustments to Responsibility-Centered Management A Revised Model of Governance Structure in the Twenty-First-Century University Appendix A: Public and Private University Enrollments, 1998 Appendix B: Survey of University Governance Appendix C: Organizational Culture and Governance References Name Index Subject Index     

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Intergroup Dialogue in Higher Education: Definition, Origins, and Practices Defining Intergroup Dialogue Historical Roots of and Contemporary Influences on Intergroup Dialogue Organization of This Monograph Educational Goals of Intergroup Dialogue Consciousness Raising Building Relationships Across Differences and Conflicts Strengthening Individual and Collective Capacities to Promote Social Justice Design and Practice Principles in Intergroup Dialogue A Key Pedagogical Assumption Design Elements The Four-Stage Design of Intergroup Dialogue Practice Principles for Intergroup Dialogue Facilitating Intergroup Dialogues Why Facilitation and Cofacilitation? Competencies Required for Facilitators of Intergroup Dialogue Preparing Facilitators for Intergroup Dialogues Major Issues and Challenges in Facilitating Intergroup Dialogues and Programs Research on Outcomes and Processes of Intergroup Dialogue A Conceptual Framework for Research on Intergroup Dialogue Outcomes of Intergroup Dialogue Conclusion Program Development, Implementation, and Institutional Impact Program Development Implementation and Sustainability Institutional Impact of IGD Programs Final Thoughts Appendix: Educational Resources Curriculum Methods for Deepening the Conversation Training and Supervision of Facilitators References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors     

Table of Contents

Postsecondary Opportunity The Growing Importance of a College Degree Moving from Access to Success Diagnosis by the Numbers: The Education Pipeline for Racial and Ethnic Minorities Diversity 101: Affirmative Action in America Why Students Leave College Models of Student Progression Factors Related to Retention A Framework for Retention A New Perspective on Student Integration Three Forces Affecting Student Persistence and Achievement The Model in Practice Practical Implications of the Geometric Model A Framework for Student Retention Monitoring Students' Progress Implementation and Leadership Important Organizational Considerations in Developing an Institution-Wide Retention Program Implementing Campus-Wide Programs The Importance of Leadership on Student Retention Final Thoughts Appendix A: Promising College Student Retention Programs Appendix B: Annotated Bibliography References Name Index Subject Index     

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Defining Institutional Diversity Aspects of Institutional Diversity Diversity Versus Diversification Versus Differentiation Interactions With the Environment Overview of the Monograph Historical Context of Institutional Diversity Growth During the Colonial Period Establishing American Higher Education Failure of the National University Idea Institution Building The Changing Curriculum Rise of the Research University Transition From Elite to Mass Higher Education The Postwar Period Conclusion Theoretical Contexts Population Ecology Resource Dependency Theory Institutional Theory Conclusion Benefits of Institutional Diversity Meeting the Needs of All Types of Students Increased Institutional Effectiveness Provide Models Support Reform Through Competition Serve the Political Needs of Interest Groups Protecting Academic Freedom and Autonomy Support Elite and Mass Higher Education Improve Social Mobility Minority-Serving Institutions Conclusion Causes of Homogenization Academic Drift Prestige-Maximizing Activities Statewide Coordination Conclusion The Future of Institutional Diversity Research and Practice Market Smart and Mission Centered Policymakers Campus Leaders and Administrators Faculty Students Conclusion References Name Index Subject Index About the Author     

Table of Contents

Introduction and Overview Who Are BGLT College Students? A Historical Overview BGLT Student History Pre-Stonewall: What Do We Know? Stonewall Approaches: BGLT Visibility and Marginality in the Twentieth Century Stonewall and Its Aftermath: The Birth of the Homophile Movement Transgender Lives and Stonewall BGLT Rights on the College Campus: The Student Homophile Movement Student Movement Snapshots: BGLT Student Activism at Three Institutions Queer Student Activism Today Conclusion: BGLT Student Visibility and Activism After Stonewall Bisexual, Gay, and Lesbian Student Development Since Stonewall Bisexual, Gay, and Lesbian Identity Development Beyond the Monolithic Queer: Developmental Theory in Twenty-First-Century Context Students of Color and Bisexual, Gay, and Lesbian Identity Development Intersectionality and Identity Development Impediments to BGL Student Development in College Conclusion Transgender Student Issues and Development After Stonewall Who Are Transgender College Students? Transgender Students at Women's Colleges Transgender Student Development The Challenge of Transphobia on Campus The Resilience of Transgender Students Transgender Students' Needs and Services Conclusion The BGLT Campus Resource Center The First BGLT Campus Resource Centers: Their Founding and Purposes BGLT Centers Today: Their Purposes and Roles BGLT Students and Campus Climate Assessment Center Leadership: A “New Profession” in Higher Education The Politics of BGLT Campus Resource Centers: Contested Territory Higher Education Student Affairs and BGLT Issues BGLT Issues in Professional Preparation of Student Affairs Practitioners Conclusion Identity and Solidarity: The Next Steps in BGLT Student Inclusion and Equity Collaborative Transformation Conclusion References Name Index Subject Index About the Author     

Table of Contents

Why Should Higher Education Be Concerned with the Identity Development of Diverse Students? Development of Identity Definitions Organization Theoretical Frameworks of Identity Development Theory: Foundational Theories Foundational Theories of Identity Development Evaluation of Foundational Theories Dominant Cultures, Oppression, and Other Societal Issues Affecting the Identity Development of Diverse Populations Cultural and Societal Issues That Impact Identity Development Theory of Oppression The Social Oppression Matrix Social Identity Development Theory How Oppression Impacts Privileged Groups White Identity Theories Conclusion Theoretical Frameworks of Diverse Identity Development Theories: A View Through a Different Lens Multigroup Ethnic and Racial Identity Models Racial and Ethnic Identity Theories Pertaining to African American Students Racial and Ethnic Identity Theories Pertaining to Native American Students Acculturation to the Majority Culture Racial and Ethnic Identity Theories Pertaining to Latino and Latina Students Racial and Ethnic Identity Theories Pertaining to Asian American Students Multiracial Identity Conclusion Multiple Identities: Acknowledging the Interrelationship Among Roles Integrating Multiple Layers of Identity Development Sexual Orientation Identity Formation Women and Gender Identity Implications Integration of Identity Development Theory into Practice Campus Culture Implications for Administrators Implications for Faculty Members Conclusions and Future Implications Appendix A. Case Study: Defining Academic Diversity at Reflective College Considerations in Addressing This Issue References Index     

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Understanding and Facilitating Organizational Change in the 21st Century: Recent Research and Conceptualizations Distinctive Contribution Focus of the Monograph Audience To Change or Not to Change? Providing a Common Language for Understanding Organizational Change What Is Organizational Change? Diffusion, Institutionalization, Adaptation, Innovation, and Reform Forces and Sources Degree of Change Timing of Change Scale of Change Focus of Change Adaptive/Generative Intentionality: Planned Versus Unplanned Change Response Time: Proactive and Reactive Active and Static Target of Change: Change Process and Outcomes Summary Theories and Models of Organizational Change Typology of Organizational Change Models Evolutionary Teleological Life Cycle Dialectical Social Cognition Cultural Multiple Models Summary Appendix Understanding the Nature of Higher Education Organizations: Key to Successful Organizational Change Interdependent Organizations Relatively Independent of Environment Unique Organizational Cultures of the Academy Institutional Status Values-Driven: Complex and Contrasting Multiple Power and Authority Structures Loosely Coupled Structure Organized Anarchical Decision Making Professional and Administrative Values Shared Governance System Employee Commitment and Tenure Goal Ambiguity Image and Success Summary Higher Education Models of Change: Examination Through the Typology of Six Models Evolutionary Teleological Life Cycle Dialectical Social Cognition Cultural Multiple Models Summary Research-Based Principles of Change Promote Organizational Self-Discovery Realize That the Culture of the Institution (and Institutional Type) Affects Change Be Aware of Politics Lay Groundwork Focus on Adaptability Facilitate Interaction to Develop New Mental Models and Sensemaking Strive to Create Homeostasis and Balance External Forces with the Internal Environment Combine Traditional Teleological Tools, Such As Establishing a Vision, Planning, or Strategy, With Social-Cognition, Symbolic, and Political Strategies Realize That Change Is a Disorderly Process Promote Shared Governance or Collective Decision Making Articulate and Maintain Core Characteristics 120 Be Aware of Image Connect the Change Process to Individual and Institutional Identity Create a Culture of Risk and Help People to Change Belief Systems Realize That Various Levels or Aspects of the Organization Will Need Different Change Models Know That Strategies for Change Vary by Change Initiative Consider Combining Models or Approaches, As Is Demonstrated Within the Multiple Models Summary Future Research on Organizational Change References     

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Executive Summary Foreword Entrepreneurship in the Contemporary Academy Defining Academic Entrepreneurialism Whence Academic Entrepreneurialism? Overview of the Volume Theoretical Traditions of Entrepreneurship Theorizing Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship, Individuals, and the Environment Summary The New Economy and the Entrepreneurial Academy An Overview of the Entrepreneurial Economy Higher Education in the New Economy Academic Capitalism and Entrepreneurship Critiques of Entrepreneurship in Higher Education Summary Contemporary Issues in the Entrepreneurial Academy Resource Constraints and Dependencies: Research Universities Beyond Research Universities Beyond Profit Seeking: Social Entrepreneurship Beyond Research: Entrepreneurship and the Teaching Mission Summary Entrepreneurship Education The Emergence and Expansion of Entrepreneurship Education Activities and Outcomes of Entrepreneurship Education Summary Professional Implications and Future Research Directions Public Policymakers Institutional Administrators Faculty Students References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Michael G. Wyness, Contesting Childhood
Alex Kozulin, Psychological Tools: a Socio-Cultural Approach to Education
Jeni Riley and Roy Prentice (eds), The Curriculum for 7-11 Year Olds
John Loughran, Researching Teaching: Methodologies and Practices for Understanding Pedagogy
T.G.K. Bryce and W.M. Humes (eds), Scottish Education
Maureen O'Connor, Elizabeth Hales, Jeffrey Davies and Sally Tomlinson, Hackney Downs: The School That Dared to Fight
Peter Raggatt and Steve Williams (eds), Government Markets and Vocational Qualifications
John Beck, Morality and Citizenship in Education
G. Andrews, H. Kean and J. Thompson (eds.), Ruskin College:Contesting Knowledge, Dissenting Politics
Jon Prosser (ed), School Culture
H. Tomlinson, H. Gunter and P. Smith (ed), Living Headship: Voices, Values and Vision
A. Smithers and P. Robinson (ed), Further Education Re-formed
T.S. Popkewitz and L. Fendler, Critical Theories in Education: Changing Terrains of Knowledge and Poltiics
Peter Gordon and Denis Lawton, Royal Education: Past, Present and Future
D. Hill, P. McLaren, P. Cole and G. Rikowski (ed), Postmodernism in Educational Theory: Education and the Politics of Human Resistance
Pia Christenson and Allison James (ed), Research with Children: Perspectives and Practices     

Table of Contents

Executive Summary Foreword Acknowledgments Dedications Introduction, Context, and Overview The Importance of Workforce Diversity in Higher and Postsecondary Education Literature and the Integrated Review Chapter Overviews Status of Ethnic and Racial Diversity in College and University Administration Academic Leaders Student Affairs Administrators Conclusion Barriers Encountered by Administrators of Color in Higher and Postsecondary Education Legal and Conceptual Frameworks Established Barriers for Administrators of Color The “Double Burden”: A Barrier Specific to Women of Color Conclusion Factors Influencing Engagement, Retention, and Advancement for Administrators of Color Employment Challenges Success in Corporate America: Lessons for Higher Education Role of Leadership Programs The Importance of Mentoring What Universities Can Do What Individual Administrators Can Do An Emerging Model Conclusion Concluding Remarks Regarding the Importance of a Racially Diverse Administrative Workforce Emergent and Aggregate Challenges for Administrators of Color Directions for Future Research Implications for Practice Conclusion Notes References Name Index Subject Index About the Authors