REVIEW ESSAY: Somatography

A History and Criticism of American Public Address. vols. Edited by William Norwood Brigance. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Co., Inc., 1943; pp. xvii + 1030. $10.00.

Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism, Forms, Technique. Edited by Joseph T. Shipley. New York: The Philosophical Library, 1943; pp. xvi + 633. $7.50.

Speech in Education: A Guide for the Classroom Teacher. By Ollie L. Backus. New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1943; pp. 358 + xv. $2.75.

Gesture and Environment. By David Efron. Sketches by Stuyvesant Van Veen. Foreword by Franz Boas. New York: King's Crown Press, 1941; pp. 184 + x.

The Film Sense. By Sergei Eisenstein. Translated and edited by Jay Leyda. Harcourt, Brace; pp. 288. $3.00.

Pioneering in Psychology. By Carl E. Seashore. University of Iowa Studies, No. 398. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press, 1942; pp. 232.

A Federal Sales Tax. Compiled by E. R. Nichols. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1942; pp. 259. $1.25. Wagesand Prices Complied by Robert E. Summers. New York :The H. W. Wilson Co., 1942; pp 219.$1.25.

The Defective in Speech. By Mildred Freberg Berry and Jon Eisenson. New York: F. S. Crofts &; Co., 1942; pp. 426. $3.00.

Interpretative Reading. By Sara Lowery and Gertrude E. Johnson. New York. D. Appleton‐Century, 1942; pp. xx + 607.

Inner Springs. By Frances Lester Warner. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1943; pp. 189.

The Penguin Hansard, Vols. 1–5. Taken verbatim from the House of Commons Official Report of Parliamentary Debates. Har‐mondsworth, Middlesex, England, and New York: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1940–1942; pp. app. 300 in each vol. $.25.

The General Basic English Dictionary. Edited by C. K. Ogden with the help of a committee of the Orthological Institute. New York: W. W. Norton &; Co., 1942; pp. x + 441. $2.50.

War Words: Recommended Pronunciations. By W. Cabell Greet. New York: Published for the Columbia Broadcasting System by Columbia University Press, 1943; pp. 137. $1.50.

English Usage. By Arthur G. Kennedy. New York: D. Appleton‐Century Company, 1942; pp. xi, 166. $1.25.

The Best One‐Act Plays of 1942. Edited by Margaret Mayorga. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1943; pp. 265. $2.50.

25 Non‐Royalty American Comedies. Compiled by William Kozlenko. New York: Greenberg, 1943; pp. 430. $2.50.

The Writer's Radio Theatre, 1941. Edited by Norman S. Weiser. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1943. $2.00.

Speeches and Documents in American History, Vol. IV: 1914–1939. (No. 491, The World's Classics.) Selected and edited by Robert Birley. London: Oxford University Press, 1942; pp. xix + 300. $.95.     

Speaking Out: Science Anxiety

A positive school climate is important in maintaining an effective educational environment characterized by excellence, productivity, and cooperation. Because of its impact on successful educational experiences, administrators should attempt to assess climate rather than rely on feelings or intuition to estimate it. Individualized surveys offer a flexible method of addressing specific school needs and concerns.

At first glance, the thought of individualizing a climate survey may appear to be an overwhelming task; however, with planning and effort, it can be accomplished. A systematic process outlining a method for individualizing a climate survey includes (a) planning, (b) preparation, (c) survey development, (d) administration, (e) analysis of results, and (f) dissemination.

A tailored climate survey can be used by administrators to assess the current climate, evaluate programs designed to enhance the climate, and periodically monitor a climate for signs of change. Although time and effort are required to individualize a survey, results directly applicable to the school can help administrators achieve and maintain a positive school climate.     

Academic advisement: An untapped resource

A Comparative Study of the Secondary Eduaation of Girls in England, Germany, and the United States. By Yoshi Kasuya. 1933. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Pp. x + 211.

Secondary Education. By Thomas H. Briggs. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933. Pp. x + 577.

Leadership Among High School Pupils. By Marion Brown. New York: Bureau of Publications, Columbia University, 1933. Pp. viii + 166.

Administration of Enrichment to Superior Children in the Typical Classroom. By J. Edgar Dransfield. 1933. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Pp. v + 107.

Bible Readings in Character and Citizenship. Compiled by A. L. Morgan. Cokesbury Press.

The Romance Research. By L. V. Redman and A. V. H. Mory. Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1933. Pp. x + 149.

History of the State Teachers College, Radford, Virginia, 1910–1930. By M'Ledge Moffett. Radford, 1932. Pp. xii + 143 + 142A.

My Second Writing Book. By Jennie Wahlert and A. O. Leutheusser. Chicago: Laurel Book Company, 1933. Pp. 64. Nice arrangement. Interesting in formation. Varied content. M. R.

Problems of Education in the United States. By C H. Judd. McGraw‐Hill, 1933. Pp. 214.

The Psychology of Study. By C. A. Mace. R. M. McBride and Company. Pp. 96.

Physiology of Muscular Activity. By E. C. Schneider. W. B. Saunders Company, 1933. Pp. 401.

Basic Units in Mechanical Drawing—Book I. By Hoelscher and Mays. John Wiley and Sons, 1933. Pp. 288.

The Junior Outline of History. By I. O. Evans. D. Appleton and Company, 1933. Pp. 295.

An Introduction to Conrad. By F. W. Cushwa. Doubleday Doran, 1933. Pp. 436.

The Influence of Familiarity Upon Children's Preferences for Pictures and Poems. By James E. Mendenhall and Marcia E. Mendenhaia. 1933. New York: Lincoln School, Columbia University. Pp. x + 75.

The Library in the School. By Lucile Fargo. American Library Association, 1933. Pp. 479.

Then and Now in Dixie. By Rose Mortemer Elizey Macdonald. New York: Ginn and Company, 1933. Pp. vii + 293.

The Dilemma of Democracy. I. L. Kandel. Harvard University Press, 1934. Pp. 79.

Do College Students Choose Vocations Wisely? Edward Sparling. Teachers College Bureau of Publications, 1933. Pp. 110.

Student Aid in the Secondary Schools of the United States. By Verna A. Carley. New York: Columbia University, 1933. Pp. vii + 118.

Responsibility for Rural‐School Administration. By Frank W. Cyr. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Pp. vi + 158.

Annual and Semi‐Annual Promotion. By J. Armour Lindsay, 1933. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Pp. vii + 170.

The Technique and Administration of Teaching. By Noble Lee Garrison. Cincinnati: American Book Co., 1933. Pp. xiv + 593.

Little Carolina Blue Bonnet. By Mabel Pugh. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1933. Pp. 171. Little girls from eight to twelve will enjoy this simple, charming story. It will be of

Practical Exercises in News Writing. By Douglass Wood Miller. New York: D. C Heath and Company, 1933. Pp. 131.

Heath Readings in the Literature of Europe. By Tom Peete Cross and Clark H. Slover. New York: D. C. Heath and Company, 1933. Pp. xv + 1194.

The Founding of Maryland. By Matthew Page Andrews. New York: D. Appleton‐Century Company, 1933. Pp. xii + 367.

The Case Method Technique in Professional Training. By D. Henryetta Sperle. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1933. Pp. vi + 92.

Adult Education and The Social Scene. By Ruth Kotinsky. New York: D. Appleton‐Century Company, 1933. Pp. xxi + 208.

Skyscraper. By Elsa H. Naumburg, Clara Lambert, Lucy Sprague Mitchell. New York: The John Day Company, 1933. Pp. 80.

The Community and Society. By Loran D. Osborn and Martin H. Neumeyer. Cincinnati: American Book Company, 1933. Pp. x + 468.     

Persuasion: Principles and method

The Control of the Breath, by George Dodds and James Dunlop Lickley. London. Oxford University Press. 1925. 65 Pp.

Better Speech, by Annie E. Polk. Century Co. 1924 pp. XXVI, 251. (Preface by H. B. Moore).

A Manual of English. By George B. Woods and Clarence Stratton. Doubleday, Page &; Co., 1926. Pp. xxv &; 282.

The Phantom Public. By Walter Lippmann. New York. Har‐court, Brace and Company. 1925.

Best Sermons—1925. By Joseph Fokt Newton. New York, Har‐court Brace and Co., 1925, pp. 337.

Speech Correction. By E. C. Borden and A. C. Busse. New York. F. S. Crofts and Co 1925. 295 Pp.

Speech Training for Scottish Students. By William Grant and Elizabeth H. A. Robson. Cambridge University Press. 1925. Pp. xiv—128.

Verbatim Record of the Sixth Assembly of the League of Nations; Reports of the Plenary Meetings. Boston. World Peace Foundation.     

Othermotherwork: testimonio and the refusal of historical trauma

Abstract

This paper is an ofrenda (offering), a testimonio (testimony) of the healing power of reconstituting severed relationships and reconstructing agentic creation stories in the pathology of soul-wounds where pictures and cuentos serve to mend genealogical traumas. This paper is a refusal of neglecting traumas, it is othermotherwork as an invitation of kin towards the healing soul-wounds by engaging my ageing father (apá), who has been battling a debilitating disease for over 30 years. In choosing to erase his memory and refusing well-being, I engage my apá by remembering and restoring cuentos (stories) retrieved from pictures in my abuela’s archival orange box. I retell the cuentos as told by my apá of his mother, father, great-grandmother and great-grandfather, while he offers an unexpected remedy for both our soul-wounds. In this exchange of ancestral herstories, it is an important move towards an Indigenous Else, transits beyond borders and separation, towards the restorative act of forging unity, love and compassion amongst my father, my ancestors and myself.     

Rejoinder: Spanking and externalizing problems: Examining within-subject associations

This study examined the effects of spanking on externalizing on a within-subject level, while excluding causally irrelevant between-subject variance. Results from two longitudinal studies which used participants from the Child Development Project (n = 585) were reanalyzed with a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model using yearly measurements over ages 6–8. After removing between-subject variance, there were no significant effects of general spanking on externalizing (β = .06, .07). However, when done without objects and at a rate of about once per month or less, spanking showed beneficial effects (β = −.17, −.21). Results suggest that previous findings may be due to a failure to separate between-subject and within-subject variance. Additionally, results illustrate the need to examine limited spanking separately from more general forms of physical punishment.     

Counselor: Know Thyself

In these, the days of ever-increasing tempo, an unusual yet unmistakable trend is manifest within the fields of counseling and education alike. It can readily be discerned in current professional literature, by talking with counselors and teachers, as well as by attending any conference of decent quality. There is emerging a tremendous concern about issues dealing with the meaning of life. More precisely, the real issue for clients and students is the lack of meaning in life; the lack of a sense of purpose; the lack of any apparent reason for being alive over and above the superficialities of material success.     

The virtues of improbability: Joan Aiken

David Rees has written over 20 novels for children and young adults, includingThe Exeter Blitz (Carnegie Medal, 1978),The Green Bough of Liberty (Other Award, 1980), andThe Flying Island, just published. He has also taught at Exeter University and at California State University, San Jose. Rees has published two collections of critical essays on children's writers,The Marble in the Water andPainted Desert, Green Shade, and is currently at work on a third collection.     

The Stranger: Adventures at zero point

Abstract

In one of his notebooks, Albert Camus describes, The stranger, The myth of Sisyphus, Caligula and The misunderstanding as pertaining to a series; a schema that suggests that if one were to write about one of these literary works, one would be writing about parts of a whole unless one also engaged with the others. Whether one does this or not, may or may not reflect the nature of the relationship one sees these texts as sharing. The stranger and The myth of Sisyphus share something unique: they are both as Camus describes them, zero points; a zero point here being understood as the zero point at which one thinks about one’s existence. This article begins with a reflection upon the relative philosophical value of understanding The myth of Sisyphus as a work of art and then occupies itself with how this understanding might provide an opportunity for self-reflection when reading The stranger. The reading of The myth of Sisyphus is not used so much to better understand Meursault (the protagonist of The stranger) and his story but to invert our interpretative methodology such that it is possible to speak to the reader as a significant actor. The novel is thought of in terms of the gifting of a philosophical problem, a problem which the author of this article attempts to understand from the point of view of how one might see oneself as paradoxically implicated in the drama of its articulation. It is this paradox that will lead us to speak of the narrative of The stranger as referring to a problem in how philosophy speaks to our experience of education.     

Review Essay: Activating the AIDS Archive

The Railroad Problem with Reference to Government Ownership. Compiled by Harrison Boyd Summers and Robert E. Summers. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 1939; pp. 308. $1.25.

Government Ownership of Railroads. Compiled and arranged by J. Weston Walch. Portland: The Platform News Publishing Co., 1939; pp. 164. $2.50.

The United States and War. The Reference Shelf, Vol. 12, No. 8. Compiled by Julia E. Johnson. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1939; pp. 179. $.90.

Chain Stores and Legislation. The Reference Shelf, Vol. 12, No. 7. Compiled by Daniel Bloomfield. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1939; pp. 466. $1.25.

Debate Index (New Edition Revised) The Reference Shelf, Vol. 12, No. 9. Compiled by Edith M. Phelps. New York: The H. W. Wilson Co., 1939; pp. 130. $ .75.

You Sell with Your Voice. By E. C. Buehler and Martin Maloney. New York: Ronald Press, 1939; pp. VI + 93. $2.00.

A Drill Manual for Improving Speech. By William Norwood Brigance and Florence M. Henderson. Chicago: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1939; pp. xxi + 246.

Speech Correction, Principles and Methods. By C. Van Riper. Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1939; pp. 434. $2.50.

Correcting Nervous Speech Disorders. By M. F. Gifford. New York: Prentice‐Hall, 1939; pp. XV + 197. $2.85.

The Personality Structure of Stuttering. By James F. Bender. New York: The Pitman Publishing Co., 1939; pp. XVI + 189. $2.00.

Voice and Speech Problems. By Letitia Raubicheck, Estelle H. Davis, and L. Adèle Carll. New York: Prentice‐Hall, 1939; pp. xxviii + 559. $1.60.

Taking the Stage. By Charlotte Crocker, Victor Fields, Will Broomall. New York: Pitman Publishing Co., 1939; pp. 339. $2.00.

Shakespeare. By Mark Van Doren. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1939; pp. 336. $3.00.

Modern Theatre Practice. (Second Edition) By Hubert C. Heffner, Samuel Selden, and Hunton D. Sellman, with an Appendix on Costume by Fairfax Proudfit Walkup. New York: F. S. Crofts &; Co., 1939; illustrated; pp. 425. $3.00.

Early Stages. By John Gielgud. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1939; pp. 322. $3.00.

Strolling Players and Drama in the Provinces 1660–1675. By Sybil Rosenfeld. Cambridge, England: The University Press; New York: The Macmillan Co., 1939; pp. 333. $4.00.

American Folk Plays. Edited with an Introduction by Frederick H. Koch. New York: D. Appleton‐Century Co., 1939; pp. xlvi + 592, illustrated. $4.00.

The Stage and the School (Revised Edition). By Katherine Anne Ommanney. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1939; pp. xix + 504. $1.60.

Theatre For Children. By Winifred Ward. New York: D. Appleton‐Century Co., 1939; pp. xiv + 333. $3.00.

Everyday English. By G. E. McElfresh and E. C. Ingalls. New York: Thomas Nelson &; Sons, 1939; pp. 372.

The Best One‐Act Plays of 1938. Edited by Margaret Mayorga. New York: Dodd, Mead &; Company, 1939; pp. 392. $2.50.

Magic Dials. By Lowell Thomas. New York: Lee Furman Inc., 1939; pp. 142. $2.00. Also published in a $1.00 edition. New York: James Werblow Polygraphic Company of America.

Journalism on the Air. By Dowling Leatherwood. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Burgess Publishing Co., 1939; pp. iii + 100. $1.75.

How to Write for Radio. By James Whipple. New York: Whittlesey House 1938: pp. xxi+425. $3.50.

How to Succeed Through Speech. By E. F. Du Teau. Boston: Christopher Publishing House, 1938: pp. 171. $1.75.

The Mechanics of Instantaneous Acetate Recording. By Sam H. Hawver. Los Angeles: Cellutone Record Manufacturing Co., 1937; pp. 14. 50c.

Advanced Disc Recording. Inglewood, California: Universal Microphone Co., Ltd., 1937; pamphlet, pp. 30. 10c.

Suggestive Outlines in Speech for the Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Schools. Prepared by the Michigan Association of Teachers of Speech. J. A. McMonagle, Michigan State College, President. Mimeographed; pp. iii + 69. $1.00.

A Course Book in Public Speaking (Second Revised Edition). By Wilbur E. Gilman, Bower Aly, Loren D. Reid. Columbia, Missouri : The Artcraft Press; pp. xii + 227.

Latin and Greek in Current Use. By Eli E. Burriss and Lionel Casson. New York: Prentice‐Hall, 1939; pp. xiv + 286. $2.50.     

General education: A college dropout

Fifty Famous Painters. By Henrietta Gerwig. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1926. Pp. ix + 416. Price, $3.50.

A Glossary of Three Hundred Terms Used in Educational Measurement and Research. By Charles W. Odell (University of Illinois). Bulletin No. 40, Bureau of Educational Research. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1928. Pp. 68. Price, 50 cents.

Three Problem Children. Narratives from the Case Records of a Child Guidance Clinic. New York: Joint Committee on Methods of Preventing Delinquency, 1926. Pp. viii + 142.

High School Chemistry. By George Howard Bruce. Yonkers, N. Y.: World Book Co., 1928. Pp. x + 550. Price, $1.68.

Psychology for Teachers. By Charles E. Benson, James E. Lough, Charles E. Skinner, and Paul V. West (New York University). Boston: Ginn &; Co., 1926. Pp. x + 390. Price, $2.

Standardizing Teachers' Examinations, and the Distribution of Class Marks. By Robert S. Ellis. Bloomington, Ill.: Public School Publishing Co., 1927. Pp. 170. Price, 75 cents.

The New Human Interest Library. S. E. Farquhar, Managing Editor. Chicago: The Midland Press, 1928. 6 volumes.

The Path of Learning. By Henry W. Holmes (Harvard University) and Burton P. Fowler. Boston: Little, Brown &; Co., 1926. Pp. x + 488.

Fundamentals of Human Motivation. By Leonard T. Troland (Harvard University). New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1928. Pp. xiv + 521. Price, $5.

School Training for Gifted Children. By Henry Herbert Goddard (Ohio State University). Yonkers, N. Y.: World Book Co., 1928. Pp. xii + 266. Price, $2.

Parents and Sex Education, By B. C. Gruenberg. New York: American Social Hygiene Association, 1923. Pp. vi + 100. Price, $3.

Elements of Qualitative Chemical Analysis. A Laboratory Guide. By Wilfred Welday Scott. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1928. Pp. x +164. Price, $1.60.

Principles and Methods of Junior High School Mathematics. By James Herbert Blackhurst. New York: The Century Co., 1928. Pp. xvi + 355.

The Singing Farmer. By James S. Tippett. New York: World Book Co., 1927. Pp. vi + 90. Price, 68 cents.

The Techniques of Educational Research. By W. S. Monroe and Max D. Engelhart (University of Illinois). Bulletin No. 38, Bureau of Educational Research. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1928. Pp. 84. Price, 50 cents.

A Teacher's Geography. By Mendel E. Branom. New York: The Macmillan Co., 1928. Pp. xviii + 252.     

Visual economics: Inquiry through art and artifacts

Making the Most of Agriculture. By Theodore Macklin, W. E. Grimes, and J. H. Kolb. Boston: Ginn &; Co., 1927.

A Handbook of Extra‐Curricular Activities in the High School. By Harold D. Meyer (University of North Carolina). New York: A. S. Barnes &; Co., 1926. Pp. xiv + 402. Price, $4.

History of the United States. By Emerson David Fite (Vassar College). New York: Henry Holt &; Co., 1926.

School History of the American People. By Charles L. Robbins (State University of Iowa). Yonkers: World Book Co., 1925. Pp. xxxiv + 606. Price, $1.72.

Goose Towne Tales. By Alice Lawton. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1927. Pp. 234.

Brave Dogs. By Lillian Gask. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1927. Pp. 158. Price, $1.50.

Graded Games for Rural Schools. By Alfred E. Ross (Bessemer, Ala., Public Schools). New York: A. S. Barnes &; Co., 1926. Pp. xiv + 62. Price, 80 cents.

The Story of Music. By Paul Bekker. New York: W. W. Norton &; Co., Inc., 1927. Pp. 277. Price, $3.50.

American History for Grammar Schools. By Marguerite Stockman Dickson. The Macmillan Co., 1926. Revised Edition.

Industrial and Commercial South America. By Annie S. Peck. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1927. Pp. xvii + 489. Price, $3.50.

The Book of Famous Queens. By Lydia Hoyt Farmer. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1927. Pp. x + 399. Price, $2.50.

Blackbeard's Treasure. By T. E. Oertel. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1927. Pp. xv + 368. Price, $2.

The Littlest One: His Book. By Marion St. John Webb. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1927. Pp. 162. Price, $2.

Federal and State School Administration. By William A. Cook (University of Cincinnati). New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Co., 1927. Pp. xvi + 373. Price, $2.75.

American History Notebook. By Leslie V. Spriggs. Chicago: Hall &; McCreary Co., 1925. Pp., Book I, 96; Book II, 127. Prices, Book I, 60 cents; Book II, 64 cents.

Clothing and Textiles (Revised Edition). By Mary Lockwood Matthews. Boston: Little, Brown &; Co., 1926. Price, $1.10.

Rural Life at the Crossroads. By Macy Campbell. Boston: Ginn &; Co., 1927. Pp. 482.

Weather Proverbs and Paradoxes. By W. I. Humphreys. Baltimore: Williams &; Wilkins Co. Pp. viii + 125.

Epochs of World Progress. By J. Lynn Barnard and Agnew O. Roorbach. New York: Henry Holt &; Co., 1927. Pp. x + 764 + xlvii.

“The Frontier Series”—Fighting Red Cloud's Warriors. By E. A. Brininstool. Columbus, Ohio: Hunter‐Trader‐Trapper Co., 1926. Pp. 241.

Secondary Education. By Aubrey A. Douglass (Harvard University). Boston: Houghton‐Mifflin Co., 1927. Pp. xxxiii + 649. Price, $2.75.

Expansion and Reform. By John Spencer Bassett (Smith College). New York: Longmans, Green &; Co., 1926. Pp. xix + 355. Price, $1.50.

The Teaching of History. By Paul Klapper (College of the City of New York). New York: D. Appleton &; Co., 1926. Pp. xx + 347.

Individual Gymnastics. By Lillian Curtis Drew (New York University). Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1926. Pp. x + 276.

Le Voyage de Monsieur Perrichon. By Labiche and Martin. Edited by Charles Franklyn Zeek. Richmond, Va.: Johnson Pub. Co., 1926.

The Story of Our Country. By Ruth West and Willis Mason West. Atlanta: Allyn and Bacon, 1926. Pp. xxvi + 578. Price, $1.80.

The Culture of Ancient Greece and Rome. By F. Poland E. Reisinger and E. Wagner. Boston: Little, Brown &; Co., 1926. Pp. 333. Price, $6.

United States History. By Severe E. Frost. Fort Worth: The World Co., Inc., 1924. Pp. 69.     

Review Essay: Rhetoric Studies in Scandinavia

Human Speech. (Some Observations, Experiments, and Conclusions as to the Nature, Origin, Purpose and Possible Improvement of Human Speech), By Sir Richard Paget, Bart., Fellow of the Physical Society of London, Fellow of the Institute of Physics; Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, 1930: pp. 360, $6.00.

Speech and Hearing. By Harvey Fletcher. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1929; pp. $5.50.

Platform and Laboratory Projects for Speech I. A Manual for the Student. By Henry Lee Ewbank. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1929: pp. 98.

Prose and Verse for Speaking and Beading. Compiled and edited By William Palmer Smith, Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, 1930: pp. 382.

The Art of Argument, By Harold F. Graves and Carle B. Spotts. New York: Prentice‐Hall, 1927: pp. xi, 298; $2.50.

Modern Debate Practice. By Waldo O. Willhoft. New York: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1929; pp. xii, 339.

The School Drama in England. By T. H. Vail Motter. New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1929; pp. xiii, 325; $3.50.

The New Public Speaker. By Richard C. Borden and Alvin C. Busse, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1930; pp. 155.     

Learning from Chemical Visualizations: Comparing generation and selection

Dynamic visualizations can make unseen phenomena such as chemical reactions visible but students need guidance to benefit from them. This study explores the value of generating drawings versus selecting among alternatives to guide students to learn chemical reactions from a dynamic visualization of hydrogen combustion as part of an online inquiry unit. In prior research, generation has been more successful than selection in helping students distinguish among ideas to learn complex topics. However, selecting among perplexing alternatives may motivate learners to distinguish among ideas they might otherwise neglect. To test the value of selection for helping students distinguish ideas, this study contrasted complex selection (involving normative as well as non-normative ideas identified in prior research) from typical selection (involving images from the visualization). Results showed that all conditions improved student understanding and that typical selection was less effective than generation while complex selection was as successful as generation. In both generation and complex selection students revisited the visualization while learning, whereas revisiting was rare in typical selection. These results support the idea that distinguishing among common non-normative ideas is more valuable than distinguishing among images from the visualization. In addition, for students with low prior knowledge, both generation and complex selection had some advantages. Overall, the results suggest that students learning from complex visualizations could benefit from a combination of complex selection and generation.     

Positive emotions: passionate scholarship and student transformation

This paper challenges the practical and conceptual understanding of the role of emotions in higher education from the twin perspectives of transition and transformation. Focusing on the neglected area of positive emotions, exploratory data reveal a rich, low-level milieu of undergraduate emotional awareness in students chiefly attributed to pedagogic actions, primarily extrinsically orientated, and pervasive throughout the learning experience. The data conceive positive affect as oppositional, principally ephemeral and linked to performative pedagogic endeavours of getting, knowing and doing. A cyclical social dynamic of reciprocity, generating positive feedback loops, is highlighted. Finally we inductively construct a tentative ‘emotion-transition framework’ to assist our understanding of positive emotion as a force for transformational change; our contention is that higher education might proactively craft pedagogic spaces so as to unite the feeling discourse, the thinking discourse (epistemological self) and the wider life-self (ontological) discourse.     

Against all odds: Peace education in times of crisis

Contexts of violent, intractable conflict such as those present in Israel, Nigeria, or Iraq represent times of severe crisis. Reducing the high indices of violence is very urgent, but the attempts of establishing peaceful arrangements in the short- or medium-term usually fail. Peace education, by contrast, is a long-term endeavor to resolve violent, intractable conflicts that aims at affecting moral stances that the conflicting parties take vis-à-vis each other. Unfortunately, however, peace education in times of severe crisis also faces many impediments. These impediments concern the agential, cultural, financial, and legal aspects of educative institutions within context of violent and intractable conflicts. Although these impediments strongly put into question the practice of peace education, this article shows that four reasons nevertheless strongly support this practice. These reasons refer to (1) humanity’s natural goodness, (2) the symbolic importance of peace education, (3) the peace-promoting experiences facilitated through peace education, and (4) peace education’s contribution to overcoming prejudices.     

Multimedia Effect in Problem Solving: A Meta-Analysis

Pictures are commonly used to represent problems. However, it is unclear how the addition of pictures affects students’ problem-solving performance. The multimedia effect in problem solving describes the phenomenon whereby an individual’s problem-solving performance is enhanced when equivalent pictures are added to illustrate or replace part of the problem text. Using meta-analytic techniques, this study sought to determine the overall size of the multimedia effect in problem solving and the possible boundary conditions (k = 51; N = 38,987; Range n = 10 – 31,842; Median n = 63). The results showed a significant small-to-medium multimedia effect size on response accuracy (Hedges’s g = 0.32) and a significant medium-to-large multimedia effect size on students’ response certainty (Hedges’s g = 0.74), but no significant multimedia effect on response time. The results for the effects of decorative pictures were not sufficient for a reliable interpretation. Representational (Hedges’s g = 0.24) and organizational (Hedges’s g = 0.52) pictures had a significant and positive impact on response accuracy, but informational or multiple pictures across studies did not have a significant aggregate effect on an individual’s response accuracy. These findings suggest that the multimedia effect in problem solving is diverse and limited by multiple boundary conditions. Further primary studies are needed to further investigate the multimedia effect in problem solving.

     

Movement education: Balance

Balance, an important aspect of all movement, is the ability to maintain one's equilibrium in relation to the force of gravity by making minute alterations in one's body position. This article is excerpted from Movement Educationavailable from Munro-Drake Educational Associates, 79 Knollwood Dr., Newport, VA 23602.