学会学习

学习是生活中的基本活动之一,每个人从小就开始学习。学校是学习的基本场所,家庭、社会亦是其学习的空间。然而要做到自觉的学习并不是那么容易的,特别是在没有教师指导下的学习,儿童就应该具有独立学习的能力。因而帮助儿童们学会学习、独立学习就显得尤为重要。     

Learning how teachers learn in underdeveloped countries

This paper argues that practitioners and researchers in underdeveloped countries should organize themselves into teams to find and share research and experience-based information about factors that influence the quality of teaching. The teams would compile locally-developed knowledge about three topics: What teaching practices are most effective in classrooms? How do teachers who use those practices learn them? How and what should teacher training institutions teach teachers so that they will use effective practices? The paper briefly reviews published research to argue that the answers to the latter two questions are not yet fully developed, and especially not for underdeveloped countries.     

Teachers learning how to learn

School pupils learning how to learn (LHTL), aimed at helping them develop learning autonomy, requires teachers to develop new classroom practices. Hence teachers LHTL is equally important. The TLRP ‘Learning How to Learn in Classrooms, Schools and Networks’ project researched how practices were developed by teachers in 40 primary and secondary schools in England. Quantitative data were collected using teacher and pupil questionnaires, and qualitative data came from interviews with head teachers, school project co-ordinators and a sub-sample of classroom teachers. Some teachers were also observed and video-recorded. External constraints made it difficult for teachers to promote pupils' learning autonomy, unless they fundamentally changed the nature of classroom tasks and climate. A key factor was teachers' own engagement in collaborative classroom-focused inquiry. However, to be successful, this needed to be supported by school management and leadership. There were strong statistical relationships between school policy, teachers' professional learning and their capacity to promote learning autonomy in their pupils. Teacher learning through networking within their schools, and with other teachers in other schools, was also shown to be important.     

Can students be helped to learn how to learn? An evaluation of an Approaches to Learning programme for first year degree students

This study reports on an attempt to improve the quality of student learning by integrating an Approaches to Learning programme, consisting of 8 workshops, into the first year Psychology curriculum. Written accounts of students' conceptions of learning were collected at the beginning and end of the programme. Content analysis showed that there was a significant shift from naive to more sophisticated conceptions (29% to 60%) in students who had attended more than half the workshops, by the end of the programme. The programme also showed several significant benefits on students' academic performance. Students who attended all the workshops on essay writing and examination taking, obtained higher essay and examination marks than students who did not attend these workshops.However, when we looked at the effects on academic performance of taking a deep approach and holding a more sophisticated conception of learning, the findings were not so clear cut. Depending on the measure used, there was conflicting evidence about whether examination performance or essay performance benefitted the most. The implications of these results are discussed with particular reference to the role of assessment, in enhancing the quality of student learning.     

指导学生学会学习

在物理教学中如何根据学生心理特点和认知规律,调动学生“要学”、“爱学”的积极性,增强学生求知、创新的动力,我采用“满足心理需求,激发学习兴趣”的方法,取得了较好的效果。 一、激发学生好奇心,提高“我要学”的积极性 好奇心是指新奇刺激的注意和追求。当刺激、新奇的事物与个体需要相符合、相联系时容易发生兴趣、引起活动,并