Spatial data infrastructure management: A two-sided market approach for strategic reflections

The recognition of a spatial data infrastructure (SDI), as a two-sided market, leads the way to an innovative approach for analysing the strategies used to bring two groups of users into interdependent markets. The literature derived from the recent industrial organisation is rich in theoretical models, aiming at the study of price structure and product design, which maximise the participation of the groups, the profits of the firms, and the value created for the entire ecosystem. The current paper interprets and adapts the theoretical model of the two-sided market in order to fit the case of a SDI. The purpose is to highlight the relevance of a two-sided market approach for analysing a SDI dynamics. The focal research question is how spatial data infrastructure, through a platform management process, can transition from a government-funded entity to a self-sustaining operation. The analysis relies on the specific case of the GEOSUD SDI, focusing on strategies ensuring the interest of image-based application developers and satellite image users. The results show that the theory of two-sided markets brings complementary elements for SDI development strategies, by proposing a framework of reasoning, which not only allows for a better understanding of the outflows already established, but also provides tools to accompany the strategic reflection of public institutions and entrepreneurs, who tend to support the uses of data and services derived from remote sensing.     

Social media platforms and social enterprise: Bibliometric analysis and systematic review

A considerable number of contributions at the intersection of social media platforms and social entrepreneurship has been witnessed over the past decade. The multi-disciplinary nature of current literature necessitates integrative insights on the topic. We thus undertake a two-pronged approach – bibliometric analysis followed by systematic review – to map the extant literature in a structured, objective, and quantitative way. We contribute to the literature as we (i) offer a classification of the literature in three clusters, namely ‘social media platforms, social collaboration and social marketing’, ‘social media platforms and crowdfunding, and ‘social media platforms and crowdsourcing’; (ii) analyze recent research development in each cluster, methodological development, countries co-authorship and evolution of research in the area; and (iii) propose a conceptual framework -accompanied by research propositions- that provides an overview of the literature at the intersection of social media platforms, various social entrepreneurial practices and their influence on the social enterprise performance. Our review culminates with numerous impactful research avenues for scholarly progression in the area. From a practical standpoint, this review integrates scattered findings into one body, allowing the practitioners and policymakers to discern the role of social media platforms in dealing with emerging societal problems and increasing operational efficiencies of social enterprises (SEs). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of its kind, offering unique perspectives at the nexus of social media platforms and SE’s performance.     

Governing online platforms: From contested to cooperative responsibility

Online platforms, from Facebook to Twitter, and from Coursera to Uber, have become deeply involved in a wide range of public activities, including journalism, civic engagement, education, and transport. As such, they have started to play a vital role in the realization of important public values and policy objectives associated with these activities. Based on insights from theories about risk sharing and the problem of many hands, this article develops a conceptual framework for the governance of the public role of platforms, and elaborates on the concept of cooperative responsibility for the realization of critical public policy objectives in Europe. It argues that the realization of public values in platform-based public activities cannot be adequately achieved by allocating responsibility to one central actor (as is currently common practice), but should be the result of dynamic interaction between platforms, users, and public institutions.     

Impression management strategies on enterprise social media platforms: An affordance perspective

Enterprise Social Media Platforms (ESMPs) are arenas for self-presentation where employees construct, co-create, and maintain an online image among their colleagues. This study systemically evaluated the current literature to understand the potential of ESMPs in influencing employees’ impression management strategies from the affordance perspective. Drawing from a focused review of the literature on ESMPs’ affordances and impression management, this paper reclassified employees’ impression management strategies in the context of ESMPs. It proposes a conceptual framework that captures the complex relationship between ESMPs’ affordances and employees’ various impression management strategies. The framework highlights that ESMPs’ affordances affect employees’ impression management strategies, both positively and negatively, and proposes the contingent effects of individual motives and boundary management on the relationship between affordances and employees’ impression management strategies. Our literature review and proposed framework provide a useful basis for future studies on impression management on ESMPs. Our framework also helps employees manage impressions strategically and managers and ESMPs’ developers to fulfil ESMPs’ potential by understanding how affordance affects impression management strategies.     

Industrial business associations improving the internationalisation of SMEs with digital platforms: A design science research approach

This paper aims to contribute to the lack of design knowledge on digital platforms (DPs), by studying the new and specific context of DPs managed by industrial business associations (IBAs) to improve the internationalisation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). A specific objective is to elicit detailed digital platform’s requirements and features for this particular organisational context. A design science research (DSR) approach is adopted to develop design propositions (the artifact), following the context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic (CIMO-logic). The design propositions are derived for DPs that can support different types of generative mechanisms of social interaction: information sharing, collaboration, and collective action. The design propositions are obtained by balancing empirical knowledge based on interviews performed with IBAs and SMEs in Portugal and in the UK, with theoretical knowledge from the literature of information systems, DPs and collaborative networks (CNs). The utility of the design propositions is further evaluated by experts and IBAs. The findings are proved to be relevant for practice, mainly for IBAs, SMEs, and digital platform designers to develop more effective collaborative DPs and sociotechnical systems, supporting CNs and the internationalisation needs of SMEs. The knowledge generated in this study brings new design knowledge on DPs, contributing with design propositions translated into tangible and concrete requirements and capabilities, situated in a specific context and empirical setting.     

Bridging differing perspectives on technological platforms: Toward an integrative framework

An integrative framework is proposed to advance management research on technological platforms, bridging two theoretical perspectives: economics, which sees platforms as double-sided markets, and engineering design, which sees platforms as technological architectures. While the economic perspective informs our understanding of platform competition, the engineering design perspective informs our view of platform innovation. The article argues that platforms can be usefully conceptualized as evolving organizations or meta-organizations that: (1) federate and coordinate constitutive agents who can innovate and compete; (2) create value by generating and harnessing economies of scope in supply or/and in demand; and (3) entail a modular technological architecture composed of a core and a periphery. In support of this conceptualization, a classification system is presented, indicating that technological platforms appear in a variety of organizational forms: within firms, across supply chains, and across industry innovation ecosystems. As an illustration, the framework is then applied to derive a simple model highlighting patterns of interaction between platform innovation and competition, yielding hypotheses that could be tested empirically by future scholars.     

Digital platforms and transformational entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 crisis

There has been an increased usage and popularity of digital platforms during the COVID-19 crisis. This has resulted in many new types of digital platforms emerging that are tied to specific localities and based on emergent needs. This article presents the results of a study on the ClickforVic digital platform that was started during the first 2020 lockdown in Melbourne, Australia as a way for country farmers to connect with urban consumers. The study is premised on transformational entrepreneurship theory that enables a focus on the societal changes that have resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. A semi-structured in-depth interview approach was utilised to understand how farm entrepreneurs perceived the digital platform and how this contributed to transformational entrepreneurship outcomes. The study is amongst the first to incorporate a digital platform, farm entrepreneurship, transformational entrepreneurship and COVID-19 perspective. The findings suggest that farm entrepreneurs are driven by financial, social and community goals during a crisis that influences their usage of digital platforms. As a consequence, the findings contribute to managerial practice and policy debate by highlighting the way digital platforms can be used in times of crisis to produce transformational entrepreneurship outcomes.     

电子期刊对传统期刊工作的影响及管理对策

文章讨论了电子期刊的传递服务方式对传统期刊管理过程的影响，分析了电子期刊的发展趋势及采购时应注意的问题，同时提出期刊现有管理模式有待转变。     

领先市场:分析国家竞争优势的新视角

传统的观点认为国家在特定技术或产品方面的竞争优势源于技术能力,然而,许多在特定技术或产品上具有国际竞争力的国家却并不是该技术的发明国.Beise提出了领先市场模型并对此进行了解释.介绍了Beise的领先市场模型,并对模型的局限性及对我国的启示进行了探讨.     

电子出版物的分类与管理

本文列举了使用《中图法》类分电子出版物存在的问题，梳理了电子出版物分类的基本思路，并对电子出版物的管理做了简要的介绍。     

创新驿站运行机制的经济学解释——基于双边市场理论视角

创新驿站作为当前科技中介服务体系中实现科技成果应用转化的平台载体——即为实现技术创新和技术合作提供支持性服务,其在信息技术支撑下所体现出的创新技术资源跨区域的高效配置作用已得到欧美等国和我国的高度认可和应用。在深入分析现有国内外主流创新驿站运行模式与机制的基础上,探讨创新驿站的经济学特征,发现其参与主体的多方性与供需关系的互补性与依赖性特征已超出了经典经济学的解释范畴。进而,文章运用新型产业组织形式理论——双边市场理论,对创新驿站的运行机制进行了深入分析,并对创新驿站运行需解决的几个关键问题进行了阐述。结论将为相关部门制定正确的产业政策和规制政策提供理论支撑。     

江西农信对接财政支付电子化管理的探析

财政国库集中支付电子化管理是以信息技术为基础,覆盖所有财政资金,协调各参与方,操作规划、安全可控和高效便捷的无纸化运行体系,是当前我国财政信息化建设的一项重要内容。本文对江西农信对接财政国库集中支付电子化管理进行了深入探析。首先讨论江西农信实现对接的重要意义,其次介绍财政部会同人民银行统一规划设计开发的电子支付安全支撑体系,再从网络架构和业务流程两方面详细说明如何实现对接,最后简述江西农信在这方面的准备工作。     

基于对A320飞机电子舱通风系统的故障研究

A320系列飞机是AIRBUS公司研发的单通道电传操控民用客机,它是世界上第一种采用电传操纵及侧杆驾驶的民用客机。该飞机的电子设备舱存放大量与飞行相关的控制计算机,当飞机在飞行过程中各计算机会产生大量的热量,严重影响航空运行安全。本文深入研究电子舱通风的工作原理,并总结分析航线维护过程中电子舱通风系统故障产生原因与排故思路。     

电子信息资源的整合与全文检索系统

本文介绍了在网络环境下，图书馆进行电子信息资源整合与管理的意义，电子信息资源整合的方法，以及电子信息资源管理的工具－－全文检索系统。     

Electronic Commerce: Definition, Theory, and Context

Electronic commerce is a relatively new concept that crept into the business vocabulary during the 1970s. A picture of electronic commerce is emerging in which the Internet will become the essential dial-tone for conducting business by the year 2000. This contribution addresses definitional, theoretical and contextual issues including the nature, drivers, enablers, and the magnitude of electronic commerce. The author discusses the role of electronic markets, the effects of information technology on electronic commerce, interactivity, and the evolution of disintermediation to reintermediation. A definition and typology of electronic commerce are offered. Theoretical and conceptual approaches to electronic commerce are advanced in terms of (1) transaction cost theory, (2) marketing, (3) diffusion, (4) information retrieval, and (5) strategic networking. Lastly, the author poses the question of how electronic commerce adds value.     

Collective Consuming: Consumers as Subcontractors in Electronic Markets

In this essay, contrary to popular belief, it is argued on the basis of transaction cost economics that consumers will become dependent subcontractors in electronic markets. Consumers invest time and effort building up a relationship with a producer, (r)e-tailer, or intermediary—an investment that is idiosyncratic. The intermediary only needs to invest in generic assets that enable him or her to automate the process of collecting and processing customer information needed to differentiate products and discriminate prices. As subcontractors, consumers face high switching costs and are thus dependent on intermediaries. Virtual communities of consumers that organize countervailing power will not mitigate this tendency.     

"一体化"教学模式与《电工与电子技术》课程教学

《电工与电子技术》是建筑设备工程技术专业的一门必修专业基础课程，具有实践性强的特点，实践证明，采用“一体化”教学模式，将理论学习与实际训练紧密结合起来，在学练中理解理论知识、掌握技能，实现高等职业教育的培养目标。     

A Framework for Electronic Coordination in the Air Cargo Market

The increasing need for faster, cheaper, and better logistical service has brought forwarders, carriers, and related services such as customs, banks, and handling companies closer together. This suggests a need to adjust coordination mechanisms. Neoclassical theory considers market-oriented coordination superior to hierarchic if the necessary information and communication can be handled. Since these tasks can be taken over by software instead of human agents, basic requirements seem to be fulfilled. This article outlines how market orientation can be realized in the field of air freight by applying easily accessible communication infrastructures and by considering qualitative aspects in price-finding mechanisms.