大学生职业决策生态模型对高校职业辅导的启示

大学的就业指导和职业辅导工作开展不力的一个重要原因,就是缺乏有效的理论指导和明确的工作思路.由于东西方经济成熟水平和文化的差异,简单地套用西方的理论和方法既不能合理地解释和描述中国大学生的现实择业行为,也不能有效地实施职业指导.通过西方职业理论的适用条件及中国大学生职业决策的环境和个人心理特点,为高校职业辅导工作提出了一些建议.     

职业辅导思想的历史嬗变——从职业指导到生涯辅导

本通过阐述职业概念向职业生涯和生涯概念的转变、职业指导向生涯辅导概念的转变，比较全面地介绍了国外职业生涯辅导由职业指导向生涯辅导转变的历程，并对这种转变的内部和外部原因进行了比较深入的分析。     

生涯发展的系统理论框架及其应用评析

系统理论框架是基于一般系统理论和建构主义的生涯发展元理论,它将各种影响个人生涯发展的因素放在同一框架下,强调个人系统、人际社会系统、社会-环境系统之间的整体性及其动态的交互作用,能够更好地解释后现代社会的工作、职业认同、学习等生涯发展核心概念的内涵和外延。基于系统理论框架,研究者开发了"我的生涯影响系统""我的生涯篇章"等质性生涯评估工具,在生涯辅导和咨询领域具有广泛的应用前景。系统理论框架启示我们,可以从整合生涯教育的"术"与"道"、兼顾个人兴趣与家国情怀、引入家庭和社会力量参与生涯教育几个方面推动我国的生涯教育向纵深发展。     

Providing Career Counseling for Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Learning Theory Approach

Collegiate student-athletes present unique issues regarding career development. Career counselors who infuse the Learning Theory of Career Counseling (Krumboltz, 1996) into their work with collegiate student-athletes can help these clients learn new ways to explore career possibilities. By co-creating learning opportunities with student-athletes, counselors can help promote expansion of clients' interests, skills, beliefs, values, and personal qualities. Such growth can help members of this population deal with issues like identity foreclosure and social isolation en route to establishing a set of problem-solving and decision-making skills that will serve them well over the course of their lives.     

Examining the Process and Outcome of Career Counseling for Different Types of Career Counseling Clients

Using cluster analysis, we identified two types of career counseling clients: (a) Clients with moderate levels of career-related distress, discomfort, and uncertainty and (b) clients with high levels of career concerns, personal distress, and stigma about career counseling. The more distressed group expressed lower evaluations of a career counseling session and perceived their counselors as providing fewer action-oriented counseling skills than the less distressed group. No differences emerged in terms of client's perceptions of the therapeutic relationship. The practical implications and limitations of these results are discussed.     

职业发展失败研究在职业咨询中的意义与应用——以生涯混沌理论为视角

生涯混沌理论从系统论的角度对职业发展失败进行解释:职业发展是一个复杂、多变、相互影响的动态系统,它受到多种因素的影响,尽管人们努力去工作,但仍不可避免地会面对诸多不可预知的事情发生,而且大多超出人们能力的掌控范围,在这种情况下失败也是一种不可避免的结果。在职业咨询中根据生涯混沌理论对职业发展失败进行研究,可以为咨询者提供一次学习的机会,激发他们的创造力,建构合理认知。职业咨询师运用这一理论可以帮助咨询者学会接受和审视失败,构建缓解失败中的焦虑情绪的策略,养成不断评估和修订目标的习惯,学会评估个人风险承受能力和把握机遇的能力。     

Innovations in Career Counseling

The work world is now full of uncertainty and change as a result of forces such as globalization, downsizing, advancing technology, and increased diversity in the work force. Further, people cannot count on maintaining a job with one company, or even one career, throughout their work lives. In order to meet clients' needs, career counselors must utilize approaches that are compatible with these realities. We review a set of approaches for career counseling that should be effective for clients now and into the future. Specifically, we argue for a holistic approach to career counseling, use of the Personal Career Theory as a client-centered approach to counseling sessions, incorporating creative interventions that draw upon chance events and flexible decision-making, and an emphasis on building interpersonal skills and relationships. We conclude with a summary of recommendations for career counseling practice.     

Career Counseling in the Information Age

The emerging information age will make education/work relationships stronger and stronger. These relationships must be emphasized by school counselors. This document discusses how this can be done both for youth planning to attend a four-year college and for those planning some other kind of postsecondary career-oriented education. One possible solution is suggested.     

课堂游戏在职业生涯教育中的意义与应用

大学生职业发展与就业指导课程处于不受学生重视的困境,而课堂游戏是提高学生学习兴趣的有益尝试。它扬弃了灌输式教育方式,改变了教学的思维,提高了教学效果,具体应用方法有团体辅导法、角色扮演法、角色互换法、矛盾法、图画法、SWOT分析法等。     

论大学生就业指导的全程化

要通过工作机制从短期行为向长效机制转变、工作主体从教师主体向学生主体转变、工作内容从低层次服务向高层次指导转变、工作方式从传统向现代转变,以充分实现高校就业指导工作的职能,有效地促进大学生就业。     

Multicultural Career Counseling: Ten Essentials for Training

In the past 20 years, several changes have taken place within the field of counseling and psychology with regard to practice and research with individuals from racial/ethnic groups. At the same time, the United States population has experienced a dramatic shift in its composition. Both have contributed to transformations in graduate training. This article will highlight salient aspects from the multicultural literature regarding culturally competent practice and apply it to the training of vocational counselors.     

浅谈大学生职业生涯规划教育指导

当今大学生就业竞争日益激烈,而目前高校对大学生职业生涯规划教育指导严重缺失。本文对大学生在校职业生涯规划状况进行简要分析,并提出一些建设性意见。     

School Counselors' Perceptions of Career Counseling and Career Testing: Preferences, Priorities, and Predictors

Limited information on the actual and preferred career counseling and career testing activities of school counselors exists. An analysis of a statewide school counselors' survey revealed career counseling and testing preferences, priorities and predictors. Results revealed counselors preferred trait/factor approaches to career counseling, including Holland's RIASEC theory, Person-Environment-Correspondence theory and Cognitive Information Processing theory, respectively. With respect to career counseling and career testing priorities, means comparisons indicated that elementary, middle, and high school counselors' actual time performing career counseling duties is minimal; however, they desire to spend significantly more time on career counseling and testing. Multiple regressions revealed important predictor variables for actual and ideal time spent on career counseling and career testing. Limitations and recommendations for further research are discussed.     

高职院校开展就业指导工作的几点思考

根据目前国内就业形势的需要及职业教育就业指导的现状,高职教育就业指导应做到：办学定位准确,合理制定符合实际的就业指导课程体系;形成全程就业指导体系,突破“短期培训”的模式;改变现有的指导方式,加强实践教育和案例分析;加强就业指导从业人员队伍的建设;充分利用网络提供就业信息,提高就业指导能力.     

团体辅导在大学生职业生涯发展规划教育中的效果研究

根据自愿报名选取大一12名学生作为研究对象,实施3周共6次团体辅导,探讨在大学生职业生涯规划教育中团体辅导的方式及效果。用《团体单元回馈表》、《团体成员回馈表》和《大学生职业生涯发展问卷》对团体辅导进行评估。团体成员对辅导干预内容的有效性、团体的满意度等方面都给予肯定。干预后学生在就业信心、职业认知、自我认识、规划认知、总体评价方面有显著提高。这说明团体辅导对大学生职业生涯发展规划教育效果显著。     

独立学院职业咨询工作现状与对策研究

职业咨询是教育工作者运用心理学等方法,协助当事人更好地解决在选择职业、安置就业和职业发展等方面所遇到问题的教育实践活动。通过对当前独立学院职业咨询工作现状的调研,发现独立学院职业咨询存在着学生需求量大,但学校重视不够;咨询人员专业化不够,咨询效果不理想;咨询内容单一,无法满足学生多元化需求等问题。要做好独立学院职业咨询工作,就要从转变思想,加强对职业咨询重要性的认识,建设专业化的职业咨询队伍,完善多元化的职业咨询内容体系等方面入手,努力提高独立学院职业咨询服务水平和质量。     

建构主义对职业生涯发展咨询的启示

本文从建构主义的基本观点出发,阐述建构主义的思想对职业生涯发展咨询的影响和启示,以期能指导我们的咨询实践,为来访者的职业发展进行更好的指导。     

职业生涯发展:高校就业指导工作的价值诉求

中国高校就业指导工作因长期游离于应有的价值观念与价值取向之外,导致就业指导收效甚微。基于舒伯的职业生涯发展理论及其教育意蕴,对照西方发达国家较成熟的就业理念与操作模式,高校就业指导工作应坚持以人为本的指导思想,建立促进人的全面发展、协调发展和可持续发展的辅导理念与模式。     

Career Counseling Practitioners: Reflections on Theory, Research, and Practice

Career counseling practitioners of varied training levels were surveyed regarding the extent to which major career theories and research data inform their work with clients. In addition, this study was interested in career counselors views regarding (a) how career theorists, researchers, and practitioners can work together to address the needs of career clients, and (b) how theory and research findings can be more relevant to practice. Survey findings revealed that licensed counselors and psychologists as compared to non-counselor trained career practitioners agreed to a greater extent that their degree program had adequately prepared them to provide career counseling by emphasizing theory and attention to personal and career issues, and were more likely to regard professional development activities as important to their career counseling effectiveness. Finally, practitioners had numerous comments regarding the utility of career theory and interventions, and suggestions for bridging the gap between theory and practice.