CTT与IRT测量原理之比较

通过对经典测量理论与项目反应理论在基本假设、测验精度计量、测验的标准误以及测验项目的筛选等四个主要领域的比较，可以发现项目反应理论具有被试能力估计的项目选择独立性、项目难度参数与能力参数的刻度统一性、项目参数估计的样本独立性、估计测量误差的精确性等几个优点；但是在某些模型中存在单维性假设难以满足、测验条件要求严格以及数学模型简约性差等需要解决的问题。     

线性输出上下界分析的光顺有限元方法

提出了一种利用光顺有限元方法计算弹性问题位移线性泛函输出的上下界方法.线性泛函输出的上下界计算基于原偏微分方程和其对偶偏微分方程的全局误差界,全局误差界的计算在泛函输出的上下界计算中起着重要的作用.光顺有限元方法的一个重要特性就是能够计算结构应变能的上界,因此结合一般有限元方法计算结构应变能的下界.给出了一种计算线性输出精确解上下界的方法,并给出了算例.     

Computation of lower derivatives of rational triangular Bézier surfaces and their bounds estimation

By introducing the homogenous coordinates, degree elevation formulas and combinatorial identities, also by using multiplication of Bernstein polynomials and identity transformation on equations, this paper presents some explicit formulas of the derives some estimations of bound both on the direction and magnitude of the corresponding derivatives. All the results above have value not only in surface theory but also in practice.     

The effect of adaptivity on the reliability coefficient in adaptive comparative judgement

Comparative Judgement (CJ) is an increasingly widely investigated method in assessment for creating a scale, for example of the quality of essays. One area that has attracted attention in CJ studies is the optimisation of the selection of pairs of objects for judgement. One approach is known as adaptive comparative judgement (ACJ). It has been claimed in the literature that ACJ produces very high reliability, often higher than can be obtained by conventional marking. Bramley showed by simulation that adaptivity can substantially inflate the apparent reliability in ACJ. The empirical study described here compared an adaptive with a non-adaptive CJ study using GCSE English essays. An all-play-all set of comparisons of a subset of the essays allowed the extent of scale inflation to be quantified: the reported adaptive reliability was 0.97 whereas the deflated value was 0.84. The value from the non-adaptive study was 0.72. However, the scale from the non-adaptive study correlated slightly higher with external variables, suggesting the non-adaptive study was no less valid than the adaptive one.     

一种串联系统可靠性指标的估计

对冷贮备部件串联系统可靠性指标的估计方法进行了研究,提出了最大似然法和经验Bayes估计法,分析结果表明,经验Bayes方法优于最大似然法,估计精度高.     

R语言可视化的优势及其在空间统计教学中的应用

R语言是新兴的统计分析与可视化的编程语言和开发环境,其可视化具有使用灵活、开发简便、开源免费等突出优点。本文针对目前空间统计教学中以公式为主体的教学形式引发的突出问题,阐述了R语言可视化相对于教学中采用的地理信息系统软件的优势,并以福建省建设用地为案例论述了其在提升空间统计教学效果中的应用潜力。     

考生能力分布与被试量对IRT等值的影响

基于项目反应理论中的LOGISTIC双参数模型研究共同题非等组设计下,考生能力分布与被试量对等值的影响。等值方法采用分别校准下的项目特征曲线法、Stocking-Lord法、Haebara法。等值结果采用等值分数标准误、等值系数标准误、共同题参数稳定性三种方法进行评价。研究结果表明,考生能力分布越接近,被试量越大,等值误差越小;且Stocking-Lord法较Haebara法的等值结果更稳定。     

埃尔米特多项式系数的绝对值和及其性质

利用埃尔米特多项式的性质研究了埃尔米特多项式系数的绝对值和的有关性性质.同时,获得了它的表达式及其一些恒等式.     

IRT下题量与被试量对参数估计模拟返真性能的影响

在项目反应理论下的题库建设时,进行纸笔测验测试时需要多少被试量、题量,试题的参数估计能够达到较为精确估计?本文使用蒙特卡洛模拟方法模拟测验情境,对此问题进行探讨。分析题量的变化和被试量的变化对a、b参数估计的模拟返真性能的影响。1)从被试量角度来看,在两级、多级记分试题模拟测验情境下,随着被试量逐渐增大,项目参数估计值模拟返真指标均方误差逐渐减小。2)从题量角度来看,在两级记分试题模拟情境下,均方误差曲线在题量为25题左右时有一个拐点,即当题量小于25题时,随着题量增加时RMSE减小幅度较大,而当题量大于25题时,这时再增加题量,RMSE减小幅度很小。在多级记分试题模拟情境下,均方误差曲线在题量为15题左右时有一个拐点,即当题量小于15题时,随着题量增加, RMSE逐渐减小,当题量大于15题时,随着题量增加,RMSE逐渐增大。     

旅游者人数变动的统计预测分析

旅游业是一个波动性较强的产业，由于受旅游市场多种因素的影响，往往导致旅游目的地和旅游景点旅游人数经常发生变动，因此对旅游人数进行统计、分析和预测有助于调节旅游市场的供求平衡，合理安排和开发旅游景点，做好旅游接待工作。本通过使用一些统计预测模型及相应的预测方法，对旅游的人数变动、流向变动和季节变动进行了一定的统计、分析和预测，对旅游业实践具有一定的指导意义。     

解析ZPD、i+1及IRT理论对英语阅读自适应学习系统构建的启示

本文以英语阅读作为切入点,探讨了ZDP、i+1及IRT理论对于提高英语阅读学习系统自适应性的启示。希望以此探索出一种新的英语阅读自适应学习系统的构建方式,使英语阅读训练能够更加高速并富有成效。     

The context dependence of physics identity: Examining the role of performance/competence,recognition, interest,and sense of belonging for lower and upper female physics undergraduates

While there is a growing body of work that examines disciplinary identity development, unlike qualitative work in this area, quantitative research has not fully incorporated the importance of different contexts, nor has it uniquely focused on underrepresented groups (in this case, women in physics). This study examines how the constructs posited by prior work as important for physics identity, as well as an additional theorized construct, may interrelate and affect female students' physics identity differently depending on the context. Context in this study refers to two different experiential levels in college. The constructs examined include performance/competence, recognition, and interest, as well as sense of belonging. In particular, we used structural equation modeling to examine the effect that these constructs have on the physics identity of two groups of female physics undergraduates: first year students and senior year students. The results reveal that the relationship of the theorized constructs with physics identity vary between the two groups as well as compared to prior research with broad college student populations (not just physics majors). Unlike broad college student populations, for our sample of female physics undergraduates, interest did not have a direct effect on physics identity while sense of belonging was significant only for senior year students. These results exemplify the importance of examining context or different types of student experiences when studying disciplinary identity development rather than generalizing previous frameworks to all contexts.     

浅议保障评估信息可靠性的方法

运用系统理论和可靠性理论,以学位与研究生教育评估信息为实例,阐述了评估信息的可靠性概念。在分析评估信息的系统特征基础上,提出了从评估信息的系统内部构筑可靠性架构,同时从系统外部实施可靠性监控的方法,防御和抵抗各种干扰。     

由《论语》诚信道德到会计诚信的构建

<论语>是儒家思想的重要典籍,也是中国传统文化的主要传承载体之一.儒家文化的深邃哲理为后继者提供了充足的可参之捂、可鉴之源.在现代市场经济深入发展的今天,诚信危机越发突显,会计处于经济的前卫,其诚信建设更显重要.文章探讨<论语>中丰富的诚信道德思想,浅析传统的诚信理念,贵以构建现代市场经济下的会计诚信.     

The reliability of the WISC-R performance scale with deaf children

Though the Wechsler tests are widely used to assess the intellectual ability of hearing impaired children, data on the reliability of the WISC-R with this population have been lacking. The Performance Scale of the WISC-R was administered to 59 prelingually deaf children attending a state-supported day school program. The reliability coefficients and standard errors of measurement were computed for each subtest and for the Performance Scale IQ. The results compare favorably with those found by Wechsler with the standardization sample.     

岩石三轴多级围压加载试验方法与数据统计分析的研究

试验规程规定常规的岩石三轴试验需要5件以上的岩石试件,对于岩石试件少或取芯困难的工程,就无法满足数量上的要求;其次岩石具有较大的离散性,常规岩石三轴试验得出的结果离散性较大.作者在刚性伺服三轴试验机上通过简单的控制方式,采用单块或少量试件,实现多级围压作用下加载的三轴试验,同时对数据进行了统计分析.使用该方法确定的粘聚力低于常规试验值而内摩擦角变化不大,同时该方法可以降低岩石试件间的差异对试验结果的影响.     

水平受荷桩在桩顶嵌固时的刚度系数新解法

针对水平受荷桩刚度系数的传统计算公式复杂、计算量大的缺点,使用桩顶嵌固的边界条件推导出水平受荷桩刚度系数新的表达式。采用幂级数证明了新解法与传统方法是等价的,并通过算例验证了两种方法得到的刚度系数是相同的。对刚度系数的影响因素分析表明,桩径对刚度系数影响较大,其中水平刚度系数近似按桩径的两次方进行增长,转动刚度系数近似按桩径的三次方进行增长。土体m值对刚度系数也有一定的影响,其中水平刚度系数按m值的0.6次幂进行增长,转动刚度系数按m值的0.4次幂进行增长。     

The Conceptions about Teamwork Questionnaire: design,reliability and validity with secondary students

In this study, we present the conceptions about teamwork questionnaire designed to evaluate the conceptions that secondary students have about teamwork. Participants were 309 students aged 15–16 from eight secondary schools, seven from Barcelona and one from Girona (Spain). The original 27-item questionnaire was reduced according to expert assessment and exploratory factor analysis to 20 items related to three conceptions about teamwork: individualistic, complementary and cooperative. By scores of factor analysis, the results show that empirically there are these three conceptions about teamwork with an appropriate level of reliability and of construct validity according to the theoretical hypotheses. There is no gender difference, but there are differences regarding types of school. The results are discussed with an emphasis on the relevance of this questionnaire as an instrument to identify and train secondary students in the conceptions about teamwork.     

最小二乘估计相对于岭估计的效率下界

考察一般Gauss-Markov模型中未知参数向量β的岭估计的优良性质,在文献[1]提出的估计(~β)相对于估计(^β)的(相对)效率e((~β)|(^β))下,进一步讨论了最小二乘估计(LSE)相对于岭估计的效率下界,得到更好的结果.证明了:当X呈病态时,采用些估计以损失无偏性来换取更小的均方误差是可取的.