彝族史诗《梅葛》、《查姆》创世神话研究

彝族史诗《梅葛》、《查姆》是流传在云南省楚雄州彝族中的两部重要的史诗,本文以文本内容为依据,对《梅葛》、《查姆》创世神话的神灵系统、创世神话的文化符号体系、创世神话的历史文化意蕴、创世神话的展演语境等进行比较研究,通过对这些神话要素的分析比较来探寻两部史诗创世神话的异同。     

创世史诗文化内涵的多样性与立体性研究——以《查姆》、《梅葛》为例

史诗承载着一个民族的历史与文化,是历史上各族人民的百科全书。对应于传统社会中族群成员文化心理需求的多样性、立体性,少数民族创世史诗的文化内涵亦呈现出多样性和立体性的态势。即使同一民族,其创世史诗的叙事方式、意象符号、神话母题等亦同中有异。《查姆》、《梅葛》是彝族的两大创世史诗之一,且主要流传于楚雄州境内的彝族中,但二者也不属于上述情况的特例。以创世史诗中普遍言及的创世主题为例,从文化符号学的角度解码神话中的意象符号、神话母题等对深度解读彝族历史的远古性和文化的多样性有着重要意义。     

景颇族创世史诗与神话

景颇族创世史诗与神话萧家成《勒包斋娃──景颇族创世史诗》于１９９２年出版，是我于１９６３年用景颇文和国际音标记录的，当时的目的主要是进行语言学方面的调查研究。后来，发现其内容比较深奥，语言也比较艰深，只有把语言学与民族学两方面的知识结合起来，才能解开...     

布努瑶创世史诗《杠葩众》初探

布努瑶族的创世史诗《杠葩众》世代流传于民间 ,成为布努瑶生存发展的精神支柱 ,它既是神话 ,也是历史 ,同史诗《密洛陀》是姐妹篇 ,对于研究和发展人类社会历史 ,开拓先进民族文化有着重要的意义。     

神迹的残缺:彝族创世史诗中的不完美

创世史诗中神迹的不完美,赋予了史诗耐人寻味的独特魅力和隽永的艺术风格。《冷斋调》和《俚颇古歌》是著名的彝族创世史诗《梅葛》的两个异文本,在彝族地区至今仍然在当地民间广泛流传。史诗通过天地的不完美、万物的不足、不能永生的遗憾和兄妹婚的无奈四个方面,达到了史诗中神话色彩与纪实风格的和谐统一。     

创世神话与古代"天圆地方"宇宙观的形成

"天圆地方"是中国古代文化中早期的宇宙观,此宇宙观的形成是建立在创世神话内容的基础之上,而"天圆地方"宇宙观形成的思维机制是神话思维的"自我中心化"和类比联想的混合思维。古代的"天圆地方"的宇宙观念,起源于古代神话特别是创世神话之中,并在此基础上逐步形成和发展起来的。     

《乌古斯传》的叙事母题

史诗《乌古斯传》是以乌古斯部的起源神话为基础,又从古代突厥诸部的各种神话、传说、故事、歌谣广泛吸取精华而逐渐发展成的。神话为这部史诗提供了素材,也给了史诗夺目的光彩。在古代突厥神话的丰厚土壤上长成的英雄史诗《乌古斯传》向我们提供了许多重要的神话主题和线索,可以同包括哈萨克在内的突厥语民族神话、传说材料互为佐证,对包括哈萨克在内的突厥语各民族文化研究具有重要意义。而且由于它的内容涉及同哈萨克族源相关的某些古代部落,所以可以为哈萨克神话、传说提供许多弥足珍贵的参证材料。     

对彝族史诗《梅葛》神话原型的分析

本文运用荣格原型理论对史诗《梅葛》的神话原型进行分析。史诗中的格兹天神与许多神话中的创世神一样, 是宇宙之父原型, 也就是一个男性的创世英雄原型。它对应于父权社会, 并得到父权社会的支持。史诗中的葫芦是一种容器, 它包孕了人类, 是母体崇拜原型的体现, 也是在人类漫长的历史发展中对母体经验在时间的长河中沉淀, 它对应于母权的社会意识。史诗中洪水神话的洪水考验 (或是灾难考验) 是通过原型, 它对应于广泛存在于各民族中的成年通过仪礼。史诗《梅葛》中的神话原型正是彝族人民在漫长的历史进程中的直接经验沉淀凝固而成的人们心灵深处的集体的梦。     

中国创世神话与人文性

盘古神话作为中国的创世神话,与其他民族的创世神话相比,其最大的特色是它的人文性。中国古代神话虽然经历过历史化的改造,但它原创性、民族性的合理因子,仍然流贯在后来文化的肌体之中;而中国文化人文精神的源头,其滥觞处便是中国创世神话的人文性。     

云南少数族的创世神话与中华民族精神

汉族文献中记载的创世神话,与云南少数族创世神话,就创世形式看,两者有许多相似之处。云南少数族创世神话所反映的种种民族精神,则与中国传统文化的基本精神相通。这些事实表明:中华各族及其文化的融汇、交流,远在古代就开始了。中华文化和中华民族精神的创造、形成,是中华各族共同参与、付出的结晶。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

团图为数的图中的闭团贯数

Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.