农民工子女在校教育存在的问题及对策研究

农民工子女进入学校后面临来自学校、教师、同学以及自身学习、心理等方面的问题;其成因在于国家的制度藩篱、学校和教师教育缺位、社区教育空缺等方面;要解决这些问题,拆除制度藩篱是制度前提,建立＂教育共同体＂是根本措施,加强学校和教师管理是关键,填补社区教育空缺是重要保障。     

School health and wellbeing and national education system reform: A qualitative study

The education systems of the four UK nations are diverging, and the education system in Wales is undergoing major reform with substantially increased emphasis on health and wellbeing. Understanding the implementation of major policy and system reforms requires an understanding of system histories and starting points. This study aimed to explore the perceived roles of schools in contemporary society, and how this role has evolved over time; the aims of the reforms, with a particular focus on health and wellbeing; and perceived barriers and facilitators for implementation. Interviews were held with senior stakeholders in the Welsh education system who held a strategic role in shaping the reforms. These included senior members of government and schools with a remit in either design of the curriculum or educationalists’ professional learning, Wales's school regulatory body, and those with a multidisciplinary remit in health and education. Interviews were subjected to thematic analysis, which produced a number of themes related to each objective, including ‘a changing society and increasing expectations on schools’, ‘the perceived role of schools in supporting health and wellbeing’, ‘the aims of the reform’, ‘what will success look like?’, ‘national level barriers and facilitators’ and ‘community and school level barriers and facilitators’. Findings suggest that education system reform requires change at multiple levels of the education system. Consideration of each level, and the interactions between them, is necessary for achieving change.     

Disability,curriculum and integration in China

ABSTRACT

Current data indicate that there are six million young people of school age with disabilities in China. Of these, only about 50 per cent attend any form of schooling, with approximately 220,000 of them enrolled in special schools and classes. The remainder attend regular classrooms. This means that there are about three million students with disabilities who at present lack any access to education. In May 1996 it was declared that in order to improve this situation, over the next five years, China plans to provide school places for 80 per cent of its disabled youngsters. In order to achieve this goal, the Chinese central education authorities have announced a significant change in policy direction towards integration. Instead of their previous commitment to the establishment of increasing numbers of special schools, it is now planned that the current number of about 1,400 special schools will be increased to 2,000, so that all regions of the country have access to at least one. At that point, no more special schools will be built. The extra places needed to increase the school attendance rate of youngsters with disabilities will be created in regular classes in regular schools. This paper gives an overview of the curriculum arrangements in China's four types of special schools, including their historical development, subjects taught, teaching arrangements and management. A number of difficulties confronting China's special education policy‐makers are canvassed and reasons suggested for their increasing commitment to a strategy of integration. It is proposed that China enjoys three advantages in the pursuit of an integrated school system.     

对我国高中阶段教育发展的思考:基于美国综合高中的比较

美国综合高中制度以其丰富多样的课程设置、个性化的选课机制和全人培养的教育思想,在国际上受到广泛推崇和学习仿效。在高中阶段教育的普及化发展背景下,我国必须研究具有全局性和实质性的高中阶段教育发展思路。一方面,要通过建设高水平的职业学校,实施专业化高质量的职业教育;另一方面,还应在普通高中设置“技术与职业教育”课程,实施普通教育与职业教育相融合,形成立足中国国情、具有中国特色的高中阶段教育普职“分”“合”结合的教育体制,实现比美国综合高中单轨制更有效的教育民主与自由。     

Exploring organisational perspectives on implementing educational inclusion in mainstream schools

Achieving equality remains a major challenge in schools globally. In Hong Kong, the current education policy has a core value that all students have the right to learn. Policy-makers and school personnel are struggling to find ways of catering for diverse learning needs in schools. Early in 2006, a self-initiated inclusive educational project has linked one mainstream school and a special school. Their project can be seen as a pioneer in the field of education, for it provides concrete recommendations to other education practitioners on initiating whole-school participation and joint-school partnerships, integrating such collaborations into the culture of the school, and encouraging teachers committed to student voice and engagement. This article records the qualitative case study comprising the teachers' self reports to demonstrate how teachers re-shaped their perceptions, beliefs and behaviours as they developed and implemented a school-based inclusion project. It is expected that the findings of this study will assist educators to further understand present challenges in the school system regarding managing diversity and attaining inclusive education goals. In particular, local schools are now facing the challenge to implement inclusive education.     

晚清中学教育发展的历史考察

清末中学出现之后,中国才真正拥有了从小学、中学到大学的三段制学制模式。它的出现和发展是中国教育近代化的一个重要标志,同时也促进了封建旧教育体制的瓦解。文章主要考察了晚清中学在发展过程中所取得的成就以及存在的问题。     

美国博物馆与中小学合作的发展历程及其启示

教育是博物馆的主要目的和职能,而中小学是博物馆教育体系服务的重要对象。博物馆教育与学校教育之间存在着相互补充、相互延伸的关系,二者的合作不仅有助于学校课程的实施和学生学习,而且可以推动博物馆教育职能的不断完善和提升。文章介绍了美国博物馆与中小学互相合作的发展历程,分析了影响两者合作进程的主要因素,其成功经验对于探索中国博物馆与中小学教育系统的衔接合作颇有借鉴和启发意义。     

学前成人教育联合办学存在的问题与可持续发展初探

学校和学校、社会助学机构联合办学是发展学前成人教育重要的途径之一,是高等函授、自考教育管理的重要组成部分。学前成人教育联合办学应规范管理,加强监管力度,端正办学意识,重视自身建设,开拓办学模式,以保证学前成人教育联合办学持续健康的发展。     

加快发展高职教育亟待解决的几个问题

对高职教育发展而言,"加快发展"意味着西部的规模扩张,以及大范围的结构调整与内涵建设。当前高职教育在教材体系、专业建设、师资水平、实习实训、评价标准等方面矛盾仍十分突出。影响其快速发展的因素包括:主管部门进入与退出机制尚不明确;学校路径依赖严重;对高职教育功能与规律认识不足。建议:推行新的学校投资体制;建立健全有职教特色的法律体系;鼓励校企合作;建设公共实训中心。     

Exam-oriented education and implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China

This paper investigates the implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China. Historically, rural and urban residents in China were separated by the hukou system, and rural children were not allowed to attend urban schools. Since the relaxation of the hukou system in the early 1980s, large numbers of rural families migrated to cities. The right of migrant children to education in urban China was formally recognised by the government in a series of policies starting in 2001. The research reported, here, reveals that migrant children did not have equal access to urban schools nor did they enjoy an equally good education to that of urban children. Based on 53 in-depth interviews with school principals, teachers and pupils in two provincial capitals in China, this paper explores the main factors affecting the implementation of education policy for migrant children. The research demonstrates that policies relating to equal admissions criteria were not implemented as intended, with migrant children not having equal access to schools. However, policies relating to non-segregation and academic support were implemented as intended. It is argued that, at the school level, this is a result of the examination-oriented system, and schools’ responses to this.     

河南新农村中小学音乐艺术教育存在的问题及发展对策

河南省新农村中小学音乐艺术教育中存在着一些问题,如受＂应试教育＂的影响,地方行政部门、学校领导不重视音乐艺术教育,认为音乐艺术课是学生劳逸结合的调节课,可有可无;农村音乐艺术类教师严重缺乏,经费短缺现象极为严重等。文章通过对农村中小学音乐艺术教育现状的分析,探讨了新时期农村中小学音乐教育所面临的问题及发展对策。     

我国公共教育制度与教育均衡化发展

“教育的均衡发展” ,是近年来我国基础教育发展的政策导向 ,也是国家公共义务教育体系的价值追求。教育均衡化是围绕教育公平提出的教育发展思路和政策 ,但是不等于教育公平。教育均衡化问题的提出 ,集中地反映了建国以来我国基础教育发展的根本矛盾。我国公共教育制度在社会主义计划经济时代与向社会主义市场经济转型时期所表现的教育公平形态是不一样的。教育均衡化所挑战的是我国公共教育结构性的问题 ,教育均衡化政策集中反映了最高决策部门在中国公共教育发展思路上的改革与创新。它是对趋于失范的公共教育制度的一种及时的调整和再规范。     

对当前我国职业教育改革的几点思考与设想

我国当前的职业教育还存在不少问题与不足，需要进一步深化改革，不断加大对职业教育的财政投入，逐步实现义务中等职业教育；深化职业教育教学改革，以就业促招生，实现可持续发展；尝试职业技能形成能力评估，建立完善职业学校退出机制；甄别中高职学校的发展状况，适时放开升格上档之路；整合职业教育资源，实现优势互补，合理布局，发挥职业教育的整体优势。     

教育券理论对我国义务教育均衡发展的启示

美国经济学家米尔顿.弗里德曼首次提出了教育券理论。其后詹克斯对教育券理论进行了完善,他主张教育券应帮助低收入家庭学生克服困难、完成学业。而1990年的"密尔沃基家长择校计划"则是美国民众将教育券理论运用到教育实际的率先实践。美国教育券理论研究的成果和实践经验,可为我国义务教育的均衡发展提供借鉴。深入挖掘教育券理论的价值,探讨我国流动儿童进入城市公立学校、享有平等义务教育权的可行性,以及用教育券资助西部地区、贫困农村寄宿制中小学学生生活费的操作策略,对促进我国义务教育的均衡发展具有重大的现实意义。     

让更多残疾儿童接受教育——三论残疾儿童教育公平

让更多残疾儿童接受教育是实现教育公平的必要前提。本文通过分析指出日益完善的政策与法律、法规体系为更多残疾儿童接受教育提供了保障;特殊教育学校教育经费逐渐增加,为更多残疾儿童接受教育提供了有力的经济基础;不断提高的入学率和就学率标志着残疾儿童教育公平进程不断加快;特殊学校专任教师学历层次不断提高,为更多残疾儿童接受教育提供了良好的教师资源。     

The influence of closing poor performing primary schools on the educational attainment of students

This paper examines whether the closure of poor performing primary schools improved students' educational attainment. It is believed that school closure affects children's educational outcomes positively because children switch to better primary schools. At the same time, school closure creates a social disturbance such that educational outcomes may be affected negatively. There is no previous literature on the effect of this type of school closure on student performance. The empirical results indicate that student test scores are not affected by the school closure. Children are, however, tracked into higher secondary education levels after the school closure if they received more education years at the new primary school. This effect fades out and eventually becomes negative for children who received more than one education year at the new primary school. The results further suggest that there are no detrimental effects of a school closure in terms of educational performance.     

加拿大融合学校标准建设:结构与内容——以阿尔伯塔省为例

围绕普通学校转型与融合学校建设,形成一系列标准来推进融合教育的深入实施,成为了加拿大新世纪之后教育改革的重要方向之一。其中,阿尔伯塔省的融合学校标准建设颇具特色。迄今,阿尔伯塔省已通过持续的政策推进,基本形成了由融合学校建设标准、融合学校专业人员标准、融合学校实践标准组成的三维融合学校标准体系结构。这个三维标准体系又是一系列标准或指标构成的集合体。加拿大阿尔伯塔省的融合学校标准建设经验对于推动我国融合教育改革与普通学校转型具有重要的启示意义。     

职业教育中企业教育与学校教育初探

企业教育是企业内部对员工进行的针对性培训,学校教育是面向社会在学校中实施的教育。企业教育和学校教育各具特点,文章通过对两种教育特点进行比较,针对企业教育在职业教育人才培养过程中扮演的角色以及功能定位进行了分析与探讨,探索校企合作之路,从而促进职业学校的教育教学改革。     

Character education in three schools: Catholic,Quaker and public

Character education has always played a role in the purpose of schools. Most US states have a statement about character education as a part of the mission of the schools. This research studied how character education was perceived by participants in regards to school mission statements/philosophies, school atmosphere and curriculum in a Catholic school, a Quaker school and a public school. Using interviews and observations, the public school and two private schools approaches to character education were explored. Character education explicitly connected and applied from the mission statement manifested more fully in the school culture.     

试析印度普及高中教育的难点问题

印度自独立以来高中教育得到了长足的发展。但要普及高中教育却还存在很多问题：教育发展不平衡；基础教育质量低劣；高中入学率太低；考试制度改革不成功；印度语言的多样性；高中学校设施简陋、师资缺乏和高中教育分流的不成功。印度政府采取了很多措施努力实现高中教育的普及。