Discrimination of what, when, and where is not based on time of day

Rats (n=6) visited four baited locations (randomly chosen on each trial; study phase), one of which was randomly selected to provide chocolate. After short (1-h) or long (25-h) retention intervals (RIs), eight locations were available, and the four locations not available in the study phase provided food (test phase); the chocolate location also provided food after long RIs. More visits to the chocolate location occurred after long RIs than after short RIs. Next, chocolate was paired with LiCl during the long RI (i.e., after encoding the chocolate location). Fewer revisits to the chocolate location occurred after LiCl than in previous testing with the long RI. The rats demonstrated complete transfer when grape replaced chocolate after LiCl-chocolate pairing. The discrimination of what, when, and where could not be based on adopting different revisit strategies at different times of testing.     

Kiss High Blood Pressure Goodbye: The Relationship between Dark Chocolate and Hypertension

This article reports on a delicious finding from a recent study claiming a causal link between dark chocolate consumption and blood pressure reductions. In the article, I provide ideas for using this study to whet student appetites for a discussion of statistical ideas, including experimental design, measurement error and inference methods.     

华丽之都——布鲁塞尔

在2000年被誉为”欧洲首都”的布鲁塞尔是一个矛盾和神秘交织的多面性城市,向世人展示着不同的魅力和风情。作为弗兰德人和法国人的聚居地,这个多文化城市拥有悠久的历史、丰富的文化艺术、宏伟的建筑,当然,还有美味的巧克力。美食、咖啡、新艺术、自由主义,都为这个城市抹上了浓厚的自由色彩。总之,布鲁塞尔是欧洲旅行中不可错过的风景线。     

难忘的一课

1 For as long as I can remember,Easter Sunday has been my favorite day to go to church. 　　2 I was almost always able to smuggle a few pieces of Easter candy into the meeting,and the way I saw it,anything is tolerable if you're munching on malted milk eggs and chocolate bunnies.Even church.……     

巧克力迷的天堂--宾夕法尼亚

I pun up to the dowdy brick factory in ablink-and-youll-miss-it Pennsylvania town.Itdoesn't look promising.But I open the door.and the sweet dark smell of chocolate draws mynose first into the Wilbur Chocolate Co.factorystore in Lititz.Although the town seems ahnostdeserted.the tiny store is packed with shoppersloading baskets with“Buds”.drops of silky choco-late.I slip into the endearingly amateurish muse-um in the next room,where a dress shop dummyleans against old chocolate-making equip-merit.Then I see it.Behind cocoa tins.there's awindow onto a working kitchen.A white-haired ladypipes blue icing on chocolate ballet dancers.Ringthe bell,a sign says,and shell hand-dip a chocolatejust for you.I ring,and float into chocolate nirvana.     

在美国打工

一年一度的圣诞节来了又去了。节前热闹的商店里现在变得冷冷清清的，偶尔见到几个寻找减价商品的人。昨天，当我心满意足地提着减价商品走过购物中心时，一家名的巧克力店映人眼帘，嗯，我的好朋友珊蒂自暑假起，就在这家店打工，真希望能遇到她。走近小店。突然看见一个熟悉的身影，正在上上下下地擦橱窗，我开心地笑起来。一边喊着珊蒂的名字一边快步地穿过了马路。     

原子荧光法测食品包装纸中砷的前处理探讨

通过干灰化法、Mars高通量密闭微波消解、压力自控密闭微波消解等三种前处理方法对同一种食品包装纸进行了总砷的检测,并对检测结果进行分析比较。实验结果表明干灰化法、高通量密闭微波消解法、压力自控密闭微波消解法的检出限分别为0.28ng/mL、0.09ng/mL、0.09ng/mL,精密度分别为9.97%、3.20%、4.15%,加标回收率分别为89.4%、93.7%、97.3%。经过相关比较分析,总结出前处理方法对纸制品中总砷检测的影响。     

The control of food among schoolchildren who have been racially and economically marginalized across the cityscape

This analysis involves an investigation of the corporate control of food in relation to low income and culturally dominated schoolchildren in cities. This includes an exploration of the problem as expressed globally and historically in relation to transnational policy networks. Since corporate growth always necessitates controlling the direction of what people talk about on the ground, I additionally critique the emerging popularity of the policy-linked language of ‘food deserts’ and ‘food security.’ I reveal these terms as postcolonial constructs, forged out of the tradition that those with power control both material and mental production. Given the economic struggles now felt by the middle classes, I contend such language seeks to contain this growing anxiety. Lastly, I review some widespread failed efforts to address the problem of lack of access to healthy and affordable food among marginalized urban communities. All of these attempts are shaped as part of broader and evolving policy networks and in this research include progressive resistance collectives, policies as commodities, and big box failures. I focus here on city initiatives in particular given the ongoing urban implosion taking place in much of the world as people continue to lose their access to land. Although I consider conditions in the USA, these arguments can be applied in various ways to other contexts.     

Nutritional and microbiological evaluations of chocolate-coated Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) fruit for commercial use

In recent years, China has become an increasingly important and the largest chestnut producer in the world. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value and microbiological quality of the roasted freeze-dried Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) (RFDC) coated with dark chocolate (DCC) and milk chocolate (MCC) for industrial use and commercial consumption.Chocolate coating significantly improved the nutritional value of chestnut. RFDC had high levels of starch (66.23%) and fibers (3.85%) while DCC and MCC contained significantly high amounts of sucrose, protein, fat and minerals. Furthermore, the protein content doubled in MCC rather than in DCC. This could be attributed to the different formulations in the two products. Milk powder and whey protein constituted the source of protein in MCC while cocoa powder added to MCC formulation constituted an additional source of minerals. The amino acid profile showed differences in amino acid composition related to the sample's protein content, indicating their good nutritional quality. The moisture contents in all RFDC, DCC and MCC were suitable for industrial processing. These results provide information about the additional nutrients of chocolate-coated chestnut and confirm that the product is an interesting nutritional food. The combination of freeze-drying and chocolate-coating generally results in greater reductions on microbiological loads, extending shelf life of harvested chestnut for commercial application. This is an alternative strategy to add value to chestnut, minimizing the significant losses in harvested fruits and providing a wider range of choices of new products to the consumer disposal.     

“火星文”的生态语言学解析

从生态语言学的角度出发,解析新兴的网络语言——“火星文”。指出“火星文”顺应科技发展需要,反映了语言的多样性和社会观,并指出了“火星文”破坏了语言环境,因此需要对它加以规范,以维护语言生态的平衡。推动社会的发展。     

巧克力是否有益健康？

如果你是个巧克力钟爱者,那么你有很多志趣相投的伙伴。数百年来巧克力是世界上人们最喜爱的甜食之一。但关于巧克力有这么个说法：它如此美味．定然有害健康．这使人们形成禁食巧克力的意识。     

“火星文”的非语言特征

"火星文"是在90后群体中流行的一种新兴的网络表达符号。"火星文"是一种依附于语言的符号,它更多体现的是作为群体标志的符号文化功能,而不是语言的表意功能。     

A Sociolinguistic Study of the Popular Mars Text

In recent years,the Mars Text,a kind of newly born Internet language,has gained its surprising popularity among the younger generation,which arouses the intense opposition from the adults. With the purpose of having a profound and proper understanding of it,a comparative research of the characteristics of the Mars Text and Chinese has been conducted to identify the nature of the former,followed by discussions of the reasons behind its development and the current attitudes held by different social groups towards it. In summary,the Mars Text,as a creative symbol system,deserves respect from social members,but needs to be utilized in a culturally appropriate way.     

爱的魔力

男人来自火星，女人来自金星——这是一条永恒的真理：唯一的例外是当男人和女人恋爱时。在热恋时，男人和女人变得比其他任何时候都相似。     

悠闲英语（四十六）

Last time we talked about baby animals such as pups of dogs, kittens of cats, chicks of chickens, and ducklings of ducks. As I sat down to write this column, I saw some of my old squlrrelsI friends sneaking into my backyard and climbing onto the bird feeder2 to steal bird food again. They are cute but can also be a big headache, because they scare the birds a way and they eat a lot. They can finish within an hour the monthly supply that I put out for the birds. These squirrels must also be taking some of the food back to their babies, and I am wondering--what are baby squirrels called？ Ah, they are called--are you ready-- pups or kittens, just like baby dogs and cats.     

Flying To Mars

<正>Do you know"Mars migration programme"by SpaceX?It's an immigrant plan to a planet—Mars,Sounds incredible,isn't it?After two-round tests,Li Dapeng,graduating from Handan NO.1 high school in 2001,was selected.There entered four Chinese in final test.To be more precise,Li is the only one who comes from the mainland of China.Last weekend,Li came to our school for a speech.Driven by     

Increase in retention of a taste aversion by weanling rats after a long interval

Weanling rats were tested for retention of an aversion to a novel flavor (chocolate milk) that had been conditioned as a single-element conditioned stimulus (CS) or in compound with a novel ambient odor (banana). The presence of the ambient odor during conditioning had no effect on flavor aversion shortly thereafter, confirming previous results. The flavor aversion observed 21 days after conditioning, however, was significantly stronger for pups conditioned with the single-element CS than for those given the flavor-odor compound as the CS. This retention effect was due to a surprisingincrease in the conditioned aversion observed 21 days after conditioning with the single-element CS. A second experiment confirmed this paradoxical increase in retention of the aversion to chocolate milk. This experiment also verified that no such increase occurred in retention of the conditioned aversion to a different flavor (saccharin), whether the initial aversion was strong or weak. The results may be explained in terms of generalized latent inhibition from consumption of mother’s milk.     

火星文的符号学阐释

火星文是为了适应网上交际的需要而创造的一种颇具特色的语言.文章从符号学的角度对火星文这一特殊的混合符号系统进行分类,并就其特点进行深入的分析和探讨.火星文包括非语言交际符号与语言交际符号两个并行的系统.语言交际符号系统是主要的,在非语言交际符号的辅助下,火星文焕发出更大的活力.如何看待火星文,还需要人们加以引导和规范.     

Design,Assessment, and Evaluation of a Problem‐based Learning Environment in Undergraduate Engineering

This article describes the design, evaluation, and results of an innovative undergraduate engineering course at the U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA). The course, ENGR 110 — Introduction to Engineering, is a problem‐based learning environment in which freshmen students work in teams to solve problems integral to a “mission to Mars”, that is, getting to Mars, constructing a research site on Mars, and developing a renewable power source there. In addition to traditional knowledge and skill objectives, the course focuses on “higher order” outcomes such as: framing and resolving ill‐defined problems; communicating via multiple media; exhibiting intellectual curiosity; and developing a rich conceptualisation of engineering. The course is described in terms of a set of pedagogical dimensions for problem‐based learning environments. Several cognitive assessment methods were used to assess student achievement and evaluate the effectiveness of the course. Results included statistically and educationally significant differences in “problem‐solving” between two classes of ENGR 110 students and two control classes of sophomore engineering students.     

Towards an Indigenist,Gaian pedagogy of food: Deimperializing foodScapes in the classroom

ABSTRACT

This study takes food as its scape to propose an Indigenist, Gaian pedagogy and asks what food studies might reveal ecopedagogically for approaches to teaching about Indigenous matters in the context of environmental education and its research. Drawing on empirical research about food and Indigenous-settler relations in Australia, and through analysis of data amassed from student assignments on food sources conducted over a six- year period, I find that there is resistance to taking an Indigenist approach to critical, place-based education (PBE) even as Indigenous scholarship argues for its urgent need. Even more muted is the recognition of Gaian understanding of the need to preserve the languages of “Scapes” to help with this work.