Toward a Post-Techne-Or,Inventing Pedagogies for Professional Writing

This article examines the concept of techne in relation to situatedness. Techn? is conceived as techniques for situating bodies in contexts. Although many theorists and practitioners in technical communication are working from ecological and posthuman perspectives with regard to interface designs, this article argues for extending those perspectives to workplace and classroom situations. Starting from a Heideggerian reading of techne, the article moves toward the concept of post-techne, which remakes pedagogical techniques for writing and inventing in institutional contexts.     

Student Perceptions of Chemistry Laboratory Learning Environments, Student–Teacher Interactions and Attitudes in Secondary School Gifted Education Classes in Singapore

This study investigated the chemistry laboratory classroom environment, teacher–student interactions and student attitudes towards chemistry among 497 gifted and non-gifted secondary-school students in Singapore. The data were collected using the 35-item Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), the 48-item Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the 30-item Questionnaire on Chemistry-Related Attitudes (QOCRA). Results supported the validity and reliability of the CLEI and QTI for this sample. Stream (gifted versus non-gifted) and gender differences were found in actual and preferred chemistry laboratory classroom environments and teacher–student interactions. Some statistically significant associations of modest magnitude were found between students' attitudes towards chemistry and both the laboratory classroom environment and the interpersonal behaviour of chemistry teachers. Suggestions for improving chemistry laboratory classroom environments and the teacher–student interactions for gifted students are provided.     

Constructivist,emergent, and sociocultural perspectives in the context of developmental research

Our overall intent is to clarify relations between the psychological constructivist, sociocultural, and emergent perspectives. We provide a grounding for the comparisons in the first part of the article by outlining an interpretive framework that we developed in the course of a classroom-based research project. At this level of classroom processes, the framework involves an emergent approach in which psychological constructivist analyses of individual activity are coordinated with interactionist analyses of classroom interactions and discourse. In the second part of the article, we describe an elaboration of the framework that locates classroom processes in school and societal contexts. The perspective taken at this level is broadly sociocultural and focuses on the influence of indlividuals' participation in culturally organized practices. In the third part of the article, we use the discussion of the framework as a backdrop against which to compare and contrast the three theoretical perspectives. We discuss how the emergent approach augments the psychological constructivist perspective by making it possible to locate analyses of individual students' constructive activities in social context. In addition, we consider the purposes for which the emergent and sociocultural perspectives might be particularly appropriate and observe that they together offer characterizations of individual students' activities, the classroom community, and broader communities of practice.     

英语课堂中自我概念和学习者自主

本文运用定量的研究方法,分析英语课堂中自我概念和学习者自主的现状及两者的关系。研究表明,英语课堂中自我概念对学习者自主具有积极的促进作用,但自我概念和学习者自主还有待提高。     

Evidence that Teacher Interactions with Pedagogical Contexts Facilitate Chemistry-Content Learning in K-8 Professional Development

In many innovative science content professional development (PD) courses for teachers, science concepts are situated within pedagogical contexts, or in other words, science content is incorporated within contexts relevant to teaching and student learning. Pedagogical contexts are often used because they are believed to be engaging for teachers and to support content transfer to the classroom. However, few studies have investigated how pedagogical contexts serve to impact teacher engagement and science content learning. This qualitative case study examined K-8 in-service teachers?? interactions with pedagogical contexts in a chemistry PD course. Findings indicate that teachers??: (1) contribution of teaching experiences helped create a collegial learning environment, (2) sharing of concerns from classroom teaching directed content discussion and learning objectives, and (3) reflection on teacher and learner roles in the PD classroom led to persistence in chemistry-content learning. Implications for PD instructor use of pedagogical contexts in science content based PD are discussed.     

Students' perceptions of academic dishonesty in the chemistry classroom laboratory

Although the literature on both academic dishonesty and scientific misconduct is extensive, research on academic dishonesty has focused on quizzes, exams, and papers, with the virtual exclusion of the classroom laboratory. This study examined the distinctions undergraduate chemistry majors made between academic dishonesty in the classroom laboratory and scientific misconduct in the research laboratory. Across the spectrum of undergraduate chemistry courses, from the introductory course for first‐semester chemistry majors to the capstone course in instrumental analysis, we noted that students believe the classroom lab is fundamentally different from a research or industrial lab. This difference is so significant that it carries over into students' perceptions of dishonesty in these two environments. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 47–64, 2004     

Development of the concept ‘chemical substance’ ‐ some thoughts and arguments

The concept of ‘chemical substance’ occupies a central position among all the concepts of chemistry. Hence, much attention is given to its development during introductory chemistry courses. In this article, the author explores various issues relating to the teaching about ‘chemical substance’ in secondary school chemistry courses.     

Wolf cries: on power,emotions and critical literacy in first-language teaching in Sweden

Adopting a critical literacy perspective in teaching is about how experiences, social contexts, languages, learning and power relations interact in language development. In this article, we explore how students’ critical literacies are enhanced and hindered by emotional power relations in the classroom. We investigate what happens when emotionally charged texts – here texts about wolves in Sweden – are used in lower secondary schools. Drawing on two examples we illustrate different ways of enhancing students’ critical approach to the argumentative text type. The article highlights the affective aspects of teaching, and thus the unforeseeable aspects of classroom interaction. Emotionally, the wolf issue became very different objects for the persons occupying the classrooms. It invoked, e.g. homosocial relations, racist accounts and nationalistic outbursts. The article stresses the significance of teacher intervention but argues that to facilitate critical literacy in emotionally charged classrooms, the circulation of emotions, including teachers’ emotions must be brought to light.     

A Multilevel Analysis of Learning Environments and Student Attitudes

An investigation of relationships between students’ attitudes towards chemistry and their perceived laboratory environments was carried out using a sample of 1592 final year secondary school students in 56 chemistry classes in 28 randomly selected co‐educational government schools. This study is distinctive in that it marks the beginning of science classroom environment research in Singapore and because it pioneers the use of the Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) in learning environment research. The Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), a modified version of the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory, was used to assess students’ perceptions of the learning environment in chemistry laboratory classes. Students’ chemistry‐related attitudes were assessed using the Questionnaire on Chemistry‐related Attitudes (QOCRA), which is based on the Test of Science‐related Attitudes. Environment‐attitude relationships were examined using conventional multiple regression analysis and the more rigorous HLM. Positive associations emerged between the nature of the chemistry laboratory classroom environment and the students’ attitudinal outcomes     

Academic Success in Context-Based Chemistry: Demonstrating fluid transitions between concepts and context

Curriculum developers and researchers have promoted context-based programmes to arrest waning student interest and participation in the enabling sciences at high school and university. Context-based programmes aim for student connections between scientific discourse and real-world contexts to elevate curricular relevance without diminishing conceptual understanding. This interpretive study explored the learning transactions in one 11th grade context-based chemistry classroom where the context was the local creek. The dialectic of agency/structure was used as a lens to examine how the practices in classroom interactions afforded students the agency for learning. The results suggest that first, fluid transitions were evident in the student–student interactions involving successful students; and second, fluid transitions linking concepts to context were evident in the students' successful reports. The study reveals that the structures of writing and collaborating in groups enabled students' agential and fluent movement between the field of the real-world creek and the field of the formal chemistry classroom. Furthermore, characteristics of academically successful students in context-based chemistry are highlighted. Research, teaching, and future directions for context-based science teaching are discussed.     

The Learning Environment of High School Students in Chemistry and Biology Laboratories

In this article a comparison of students’ perceptions of laboratory classes in chemistry and biology is presented. By using the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI), pronounced and significant differences between chemistry and biology laboratory environments were found on two of the subscales: ‘Integration’ that describes the extent to which its laboratory activities are integrated with non‐laboratory and classroom learning and ‘Open‐endedness’, a subscale that measures the extent to which the laboratory emphasises an open‐ended, divergent, and an individualised approach to experimentation. It is suggested that the SLEI can be considered as a sensitive tool to measure students’ perceptions of their learning environment in different subject matters during the laboratory work. In this study the SLEI was also used to compare students’ actual and preferred learning environments and to explore gender differences regarding this issue.     

The Myth of the Democratic Leader: An Insight into Political Socialization of the Primary School

This article presents a discussion of the political socialization literature and findings from two studies on the child's developing concept of leadership. Findings challenge the concept of democracy in school systems where all authority relations are based upon ‘constraint’. The author proposes that true cooperative teaching and learning styles should be integrated into the classroom.     

Selection of Authentic Modelling Practices as Contexts for Chemistry Education

In science education, students should come to understand the nature and significance of models. In the case of chemistry education it is argued that the present use of models is often not meaningful from the students' perspective. A strategy to overcome this problem is to use an authentic chemical modelling practice as a context for a curriculum unit. The theoretical framework for this strategy is activity theory rooted in socio‐cultural theories on learning. An authentic chemical modelling practice is characterized by a set of motives for model development through a well‐defined modelling procedure using only relevant issue knowledge. The aim of this study was to explore, analyse, and select authentic chemical modelling practices for use in chemistry education. The suitability of the practices was reviewed by applying a stepwise procedure focused on criteria such as students' interest and ownership, modelling procedure, issue knowledge, and feasibility of the laboratory work in the classroom. It was concluded that modelling drinking‐water treatment and human exposure assessment are both suitable to serve as contexts, because both practices exhibit clear motives for model construction and the applied modelling procedures are in line with students' pre‐existing procedural modelling knowledge. The issue knowledge involved is consistent with present Dutch science curriculum, and it is possible to carry out experimental work in the classroom for model calibration and validation. The method described here to select and evaluate practices for use as contexts in chemistry education can also be used in other science domains.     

国外有效课堂对话之研究:回溯与启示

对理想化的、去情境化的对话模式的追求是课堂对话效率低下的一个重要原因,其将最终危害教育实践。课堂对话需要对情境保持敏感,西方国家课堂对话的类型研究、文化研究、学科内容与学习任务研究以及内在张力分析等都揭示有效的课堂对话需建基于具体的情境之中。基于此,我国的课堂对话研究应注重实证研究,关注实然的动态的课堂对话,摒弃对理想化的、去情境化的课堂对话模式的追求。     

《水产食品化学》课程混合式教学模式的探索

文章提出了基于翻转课堂理念的混合式教学模式,包括传统的课堂讲授、部分翻转课堂和完全翻转课堂三种混合形式,并依据此模式对水产食品化学课程进行了教学设计与实践,对解决课程问题,提高教学质量以及促进教学改革具有一定的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

Problematising problematisation: insights from critical pedagogy in a writing lesson in Bangladesh

Problematisation is the means by which critical pedagogy attempts to destabilise power relations related to gender, race, class, identity etc. Studies in critical pedagogy in language teaching explore different ways of problematisation treating problematisation as classroom practice. However, they do not specifically address the teacher’s struggle in employing problematisation and the learners’ experience with it in classroom settings. Hence the complexity of problematisation remains neglected in research in critical pedagogy in classroom contexts. This article explores the notion of problematisation through an analysis of a writing lesson involving undergraduate students in Bangladesh. It analyses both the teacher’s and a student’s encounters with and reflections on problematisation throughout the lesson, and reveals that problematisation embodies complexities, and is empowering when it is self-reflexive.     

Examining interpersonal dynamics among adult learners through the lens of place

The purpose of this article is to analyze interpersonal problems among adult learners in three family literacy programs and to identify how these tensions were connected to place or distinctive community contexts. Drawing on the critical geography literature, the article argues that interpersonal problems must be understood in light of socio‐cultural and spatial factors such as the history of steel‐era industrial capitalism and immigrant settlement patterns resulting from global economic restructuring. By linking micro‐level interactions to contextual factors, the article provides a sociological, place‐conscious alternative to individualistic explanations of relational conflicts. In short, the group dynamics adult educators and learners encounter in the classroom should be understood as a microcosm of spatially produced social relations outside the program.     

化学学科核心素养理念下“钠与水的反应”教学设计与实施

2017版高中化学课程标准提出了“发展学生化学学科核心素养”的要求。因此,在化学课堂教学中,教师应全面贯彻“化学学科核心素养”的课程理念。通过化学学科核心素养理念下“钠与水的反应”这节课的教学设计与实施,尝试在一节课的教学中如何贯彻培养学生5个方面化学学科核心素养的思想。具体教学用“金属引发的爆炸”为真实情景引入,通过准确表达钠与水反应的宏观现象,解释此反应的微观本质,进一步理解“结构决定性质”的化学观念,用化学方程式将化学反应准确书写下来,并让学生用所学知识解决生活中的实际问题,从而达到培养学生化学学科核心素养的目的。     

基于生态教学观的大学英语多媒体课堂教学环境的优化

生态外语教学观的基本理论基础是生态语言学。生态语言学是近年来新兴的学科,是由语言学与生态学相结合的产物。生态外语教学观遵循语言习得的本质强调外语课堂教学中存在诸多因素,这些因素既相互依存又相互制约,正确地处理好它们之间的关系、合理地分配教学资源,是提高课堂教学质量的关键。本文分析了当前大学英语多媒体课堂教学环境的失衡现象,探讨了生态外语教学观的产生及其基本观点,提出了运用生态外语教学理论从优化教学模式、整合教学目标和教学评价等方面来优化大学英语多媒体课堂教学环境,从而构建一个和谐的、开放式的、可持续发展的课堂教学生态环境。     

数学课堂教学活动性初探

数学课堂教学活动性既表征于"活动"的具体形式和观念要求,又体现了数学意义和教育意义的双重约束,它存在于数学课堂诸多相对教学关系的平衡,并于其中产生应有张力,可以用来整合对峙双方的力量,促进课堂教学质量的提高。作为一种行动指南,数学课堂教学活动性引导我们在"注重实质""淡化形式"的基础上追求数学课堂"形神兼备""情韵和谐"的理想境界,能积极防范和克服数学课堂教学中的低效现象、异化现象。