0-3岁儿童教育的途径

0-3岁儿童的早期教育,是人生开端的教育,是人一生中发展最为迅速和关键的时期,关系到国民整体素质的提高。随着学前教育社会需求量的加大,0-3岁儿童的教育除了在家庭中进行,还需要一些其它的教育途径来满足家长的需求,能为0-3岁儿童提供优质的教育服务。根据城乡的不同特点,通过社区学前教育、幼儿园、亲子园等教育途径,为0-3岁儿童和家长提供早期保育和教育服务。     

云南省适龄儿童未入园的原因分析与对策探讨

学前教育对于促进个体的全面发展,提高国民的整体素质,有着非常重要的作用。然而,在云南省的许多地区,适龄学前儿童未入园的情况十分普遍。究其主要原因:一是政府部门对学前儿童尤其是处境困难儿童教育问题关注不够,二是许多家长不理解学前教育的价值,三是学前教育机构质量不高、形式单一,对家长与孩子缺乏吸引力。要想提高云南省学前儿童入园率,除了加大经费投入和加强管理之外,应做好宣传工作以增强家长对学前教育重要性的认识,还应采取各地州以及城乡分层分别发展模式,探索多元化的学前教育机构和形式。     

学前儿童、家长与学前教师角色的历史与现状

从心理学的角度看来,我国学前教育面临的许多困难源自于对学前儿童、家长与学前教师的角色认识不清。本文通过梳理我国学前儿童、家长与学前教师社会角色的历史和现状,为理解目前学前教育遇到的困难提供帮助。研究发现在中国传统社会中,父母,且主要是母亲承担教育和养护的责任,儿童服从父母的管教并尽孝（主要是对母亲）;现代中国教育和养护的责任由父母、祖父母、学前教师共同承担,各主体的角色相较传统社会更具矛盾性。     

学前特殊教育:创建和谐社会不应忽视的领域

学龄前特殊幼儿处于弱势群体的底层,学前特殊教育因此成为教育公平的起点,对创建和谐社会具有重要价值。英美等发达国家都注重通过制度和经费支持,切实推动学前特殊教育的发展。我国应通过以下措施加强学前特殊教育的发展:提供经费支持,改进学前师资培养,变革学前教育机构的组织,鼓励家长和社区参与。     

由家长对学前儿童数学教育观念的调查所引发的思考

本文针对家长关于学前儿童数学教育的一些误区,探讨了学前阶段儿童教育的核心价值、教育方法及其重要意义,期望能帮助家长及教师树立正确教育观念,为幼儿今后的数学学习打下良好的基础。     

Low-Income Central American Immigrant Mothers' Goals and Their Children's Classroom Competencies in Preschool

Research Findings: Unlike other Latino groups, there is little information about the early socialization of children from Central American (CA) immigrant families. This study examined CA immigrant mothers' short-term goals and the implications of these goals for children's behavior in preschool. A total of 47 low-income mothers described their goals for their children's behavior at home/with family and at school. Nearly all mothers described relatedness-oriented goals for their children at home and at school. Mothers emphasized autonomy-oriented goals predominantly for the school context. Mothers' emphases on certain goals in the home, but not goals for school, predicted teacher reports of children's social cooperation and approaches to learning in the classroom. Practice or Policy: Educators should be aware that relatedness-oriented goals are highly salient for CA immigrant parents. Immigrant parents might benefit from more information regarding the general goals of preschool. Educators should encourage mothers to set multiple early goals for their children, including learning-related goals for home. Educators and CA immigrant parents may support home–school continuity for children through mutual understanding of goals and values.     

Changing cognitions in parents of two‐year‐olds attending Scottish Sure Start centres

The study examined how preschool intervention programmes set up by three Scottish local authorities changed parents’ cognitions. Quantitative parent outcomes were measured using Parenting Daily Hassles Scales (N = 88). A matched comparison group of parents (N = 55) recruited from the same areas of disadvantage but whose children did not attend the intervention programmes also completed questionnaires. Qualitative outcomes were evaluated using semi‐structured interviews (N = 30). A significant group × time interaction effect was found for daily hassle cognitions, Parenting Task–Intensity, Challenging Behaviour–Frequency and Challenging Behaviour–Intensity, with comparison group parents showing an increase in their experience of hassles during the ‘terrible twos’ compared with intervention group parents. Complementary qualitative data indicated that intervention group parents had gained valuable new insights into their children’s behaviour, changing how they thought about their role as parents and their behavioural and developmental expectations of their children. Implications for parental engagement in preschool programmes are discussed.     

Within-family differences in Head Start participation and parent investment

There is limited understanding of how parents’ allocation of investments across their children are affected by differences in their children's participation in programs that promote early development. I use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine whether parents reinforce or compensate for differences in their children's access to an early education program, Head Start. I use a family fixed effects approach to contrast measures of parental investment, when children were age 5 through 14, for children who attended Head Start relative to their siblings who did not attend preschool. I find that parents provided lower levels of cognitive stimulation and emotional support to children who attended Head Start relative to their siblings who did not attend preschool. Although impacts are relatively small in magnitude (0.05 SD), results suggest that parent compensate for differences in access to early childhood educational opportunities.     

Children's,teachers; and parents' perceptions of play

Children 2 through 6 years of age were interviewed, and their parents and preschool teachers completed a questionnaire about their perceptions of play. Most parents defined play as something for fun or amusement, while teachers saw it both as fun and as an opportunity for cognitive and social development. Parents and teachers alike said they promoted play by providing a variety of materials; parents also said they played with their children. The majority of teachers did not view play as an integral part of the curriculum, but instead described a learn-play dichotomy. Parents did not support having their children spend a large amount of time in play during preschool. Children's favorite play activities according to children and their parents and teachers were outdoor play, dramatic play, blocks, and art activities.     

不同主体视野中“好幼儿园”标准的比较

本研究采用自编调查问卷和访谈提纲,对从湖北省武汉市随机抽取的15名幼教专家、60名幼儿教师、60名幼儿家长和60名幼儿四类主体的“好幼儿园”标准进行调查,结果显示不同的主体由于其认知水平、社会角色、价值需求不同,其“好幼儿园”标准也存在诸多差异.幼教专家更关注从理论而言的应然状态,幼儿教师更关注幼儿园的内部发展与外部效应,家长更关注幼儿学习的结果与幼儿园的健康安全工作,幼儿则更重生活的过程与开心快乐的情绪体验,渴望获得来自教师与同伴的爱,能有更多游戏的机会.不同主体的“好幼儿园”标准并无对错之分,但有价值取向之别.在幼儿园具体实践中,应理性对待不同主体的“好幼儿园”标准,在坚持幼儿园教育的基本目标与宗旨的基础上对不同主体的要求进行取舍,同时要特别尊重幼儿的“好幼儿园”标准,为他们提供充分自由游戏的时间与空间,制定和实施富有弹性的一日生活常规,积极关注和创设幼儿园良好的人际关系氛围.     

以家庭为中心的口吃心理治疗

本文在介绍国内外对口吃儿童的治疗方法的基础上,详尽介绍了以家庭为中心的口吃心理治疗方法,旨在帮助学前儿童及家长树立正确健康的交流态度,改进言语流畅性。最后对这种治疗方法进行了简单的小结及评价,以期为国内口吃儿童的治疗提供借鉴。     

面向外来务工人员的育儿支援行动--以北京四环游戏小组为例

由于隔绝于城市和艰难的生活状态，外来务工人员家庭尚未意识到其子女的学前教育需求。外来务工人员在城市居住多呈聚落状态，能不能以非正规形式为这些儿童提供一定的学前教育呢?本文以在北京四环市场创办一个非正规的游戏小组的实践及体验，探讨非正规形式学前教育的可能与意义。     

TRANSITION TO SCHOOL: THE EXPERIENCES OF CANADIAN AND IMMIGRANT FAMILIES OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS

Transition to school for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) places demands on children, parents, and school settings. The unique experiences of parents from diverse backgrounds have not been studied extensively. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 5 Canadian and 5 immigrant families during the transition to school for their children with ASDs. Parent perceptions of support systems during this transition and their experiences with preschool and elementary school staff were analyzed to understand their experiences. Thematic analyses of parent interviews revealed that parents perceived the quality of care during preschool as more supportive than the care received in elementary school. A variety of resources, such as familial, educational, and community support, seemed to help some Canadian and immigrant families in different ways. The transition to school experiences of parents of children with ASDs has important implications for school psychologists who facilitate and mediate parent–school partnerships and interagency collaboration.     

Putting parents in the picture: Maternal reports of preschoolers' literacy as a predictor of early reading

Emergent literacy research has demonstrated that children begin constructing notions of literacy during the preschool years and that early experiences support children's literacy growth. Given that parents may have valuable insight into their preschool children's literacy development, we examined the hypothesis that parental reports from the preschool years could be good predictors of early literacy development once their children enter school. Drawing on data from a longitudinal study of literacy development among low-income children, we correlate reports prepared by parents when their children were three and four years old with the children's subsequent performance on individually administered tests in kindergarten and grade one and grade one teachers' evaluations of children. Correlational analyses reveal significant correlations between parental reports and grade one teacher reports and assessments. Regression models reveal that parental reports account for about a quarter of the variance in kindergarten tests and grade one teacher assessments and over a third of the variance in a decoding assessment given near the end of first grade.     

Building alliance for preschool inclusion: Parents of typically developing children,attitudes and perceptions

The current study investigated perceptions, thoughts, and attitudes of parents of typically developing children enrolled in inclusive 3-year-old and 4-year-old preschool classrooms. Using a qualitative approach, guided by ecological system theory semi-structured interviews with parents (N = 7) were completed. Several common themes related to inclusive preschool interactions were identified. Results indicated that parental perspectives, perceptions, and experiences vary. While parents were supportive of inclusion philosophy in child care centers, they felt less confident in their ability to explain the limitations associated with special needs to their young children. Parental support and involvement within inclusive preschool classrooms may be strengthened through the development of educational programs and family–professional partnerships. The role and involvement of teachers in facilitating parental support of inclusion philosophy is also addressed.     

Preschool teacher attachment,school readiness and risk of learning difficulties

Attachment is the emotional bond between children and their caregivers (parents or otherwise). Infants and young children usually have more than one selective attachment, and all of these attachment relationships, including those between children and teachers, have important effects on cognitive and social development. Secure attachment to a preschool teacher may help children to improve their preschool experience. Recent studies suggest that the adverse effect of inadequate preschool experiences can lead to skill deficiencies that mimic the effects of basic cognitive deficits. This study evaluates the relationships among attachment to preschool teachers, school readiness, and the risk for developing learning difficulties in preschoolers using three measures: the School Readiness 4-5 battery, the Precocious Identification of Learning Difficulties, and the Attachment Q Set. This study examined 152 preschoolers. The results showed that attachment to preschool teachers is related to linguistic development level, the psychomotor skills involved in school readiness, and learning difficulty risk.     

Strategies for Transitioning Preschoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorders to Kindergarten

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), worldwide. Since children with ASD have limited social interaction and communication skills, they tend to lag behind their peers without disabilities in many areas. In particular, they are unable to easily transition smoothly from one stage of their life to another. Transitions from preschool settings to kindergarten and beyond should be a critical issue of concern for educators and parents of young children with ASD. The results of a survey completed by 65 preschool teachers from Ghana and 210 of their counterparts in the United States of America, about characteristics of effective transition programs for children with ASD, are presented. Implications for preschool teacher preparation and transition planning are discussed.