Recruitment of Students to Universities of Technology in Finland

In Finland, the 1990s will mean that student selection for universities of technology will face two paradoxical problems.

On the one had, large numbers of school leavers will be applying for admission to universities, while on the other, the recruitment base of some institutions of higher education will be getting narrower. The universities of technology and the faculties of science fall into this group.

Traditionally, large numbers of highly gifted pupils have applied for places to read science and technology. The increasing demand for graduate engineers, however, means that the intake has been enlarged, while at the same time there are insufficient pupils leaving school with a high enough level of proficiency in mathematics and science.

In order to solve the problem, those involved in university selection have had to consider ways of ensuring a gifted intake in the 1990s with sufficient and varied talents. First, the universities of technology are trying to influence the education system to increase the amount of science teaching in the final school years. Secondly, correct and positive information should be publicised on the possibilities technology has of solving the problems of people and the environment in order to encourage interest in the sciences. Thirdly, new recruitment channels should be created in order to exploit untapped reserves of talent for the benefit of technological studies. With this in mind, the interest of women in science should be particularly encouraged.     

芬兰高校创业教育质量保障实践探析

芬兰教育在世界教育发展中具有一定的代表性,从上世纪50年代开始,芬兰就不断加强对创业教育的重视,并在高校进行了创业教育活动的探索。明确创业教育的地位,开发创业教育相关课程,从立法和财政上进行保障,加强创业教育师资队伍建设,这些措施对构建我国的创业教育体系具有借鉴意义。     

The Birth of Engineer Education in Finland

Formal engineering education has about 150 years of tradition in Finland, but engineering as a profession has more than 200 years of tradition. The first Finnish engineers were men of practice, trained by the apprenticeship system, and used the title The Factory Master. In the year 1849, formal education began, but Finnish industry did not begin to employ formally trained engineers until the beginning of this century. The first formally educated engineers were, themselves, not interested in working in industry. The success of formally trained engineers in Finnish industry was reflected later on in the increasing value attached to research and new technologies. This view of science as an important force for production was strengthened further when the Helsinki University of Technology established and expanded its own laboratories.     

FDI对区域经济的影响——基于山东、河南和四川的比较分析

近年来,外商直接投资（FDI）在我国的分布日渐广泛,但进入各地区的数量不同,这对我国区域经济的发展产生不同的影响。文章通过对山东、河南和四川FDI的空间差异分布的比较研究,分析FDI对区域经济的不同影响,并在此基础上探讨河南的引资对策。     

Universities and the market economy: The differential impact on knowledge production in sociology and economics

Based on the conceptualframework of Pierre Bourdieu, this studycompares the impact of pressure to develop tieswith non-academic organisations on two fieldsof research, namely: sociology and economics.The study highlights the dynamics particular toeach discipline and shows that a soundunderstanding of transformations affectinguniversity research cannot exclude analysis ofthe specificity of each one. Two cohorts ofprofessors were studied in two Quebecuniversities: the first cohort was made up ofprofessors who received tenure between 1974 and1983, and the second between 1989 and 1998. Theresults suggest that pressures in favor ofpartnership with non-academic organisationshave not had the same impact in sociology andeconomics. While research practices haveundergone transformations in each discipline,the nature of these transformations differs inan important way. The results also contradicttwo popular models in knowledge productionstudies, which are the Entrepreneurial Science,and Mode 1/Mode 2 models. Although these modelsclaim that academic research orientation hasbecome geared towards problem-solving, ourresults indicate, however, that the oppositetrend has been taking place in sociology andeconomics.     

清凉一厦

仲夏时分的芬兰是欢乐的,因为这是当地白昼最长、黑夜最短的时候,相对那寒冷而漫长的冬夜,芬兰人是绝对有理由珍惜的。他们挥去漫长冬夜带来的郁闷,享受着各种夏季的水上活动,享受着阳光带来的快乐。     

90年代以来芬兰高级中学发展趋势

芬兰的高级中学教育(Upper SecondarySchool)通常提供能够获取注册入学考试(the Matriculation Examination)的普通教育,相应地有进修(Further Study)的意愿。其目的在于提供适合学生智力发展需要的教育资源,提升男女性别平等的水平和支持年轻人向成人生活的过渡。这是90年代以     

The work of classroom assistants in special and mainstream education in Finland

The contribution of teaching assistants, learning support assistants or classroom assistants is becoming increasingly important in inclusive and specialist classrooms. In this article, Marjatta Takala, professor in special education at the University of Helsinki, describes her research into the work of 14 classroom assistants working in a mix of mainstream and special schools in Helsinki, Finland. The results reveal that the tasks undertaken by assistants are different in mainstream and specialist settings and vary also according to the ages of the children involved. The assistants spent more of their time, for example, working directly with children if they worked in mainstream schools. Assistants in special schools, by comparison, spent more time assisting the teacher. Further, assistants working among older children spent more time waiting or simply listening to the lesson than those working with younger children, who seemed to be more actively involved with supporting learning. Marjatta Takala analyses her results by the full range of tasks encountered; according to three broad types of work; and in terms of the planning and co-operation undertaken by assistants and teachers at the class level. Her discussion will be of interest to anyone concerned with the development of support in the classroom and the education of both teachers and teaching assistants.     

The Complexity of Change in Universities

This paper relates to the implementation process of the Universitaetsorganisationsgesetz 1993 (University Organisation Act of 1993) at an Austrian university. In accordance with the idea of a managed university, the Austrian government aimed this law at transferring a greater scope of responsibility for strategic decisions and management issues from the ministry to the universities. The empirical basis is derived from a 2‐year, in‐depth field study showing that the transformation to a ‘simple’ management orientation is in itself complex. We suggest therefore a frame of reference that is based on an understanding of universities as complex and self‐referential organisations. This view explains changes in universities as nontrivial transformation and conceptualises the management of change in universities as a paradoxical intervention.     

芬兰基础教育改革的逻辑与理念

芬兰在PISA中的优异表现,使整个世界都在关注芬兰的基础教育．相关的研究文章主要是介绍芬兰基础教育改革的具体做法,以及探讨它所坚持的原则。本文则进一步对芬兰基础教育改革进行逻辑与理念上的追问,试图从更深的层次来解释它的具体做法和它所坚持的原则。     

大学权力博弈探析

大学权力与博弈密不可分,大学权力博弈总是在一定的大学权力关系和权力结构中进行的,同时大学权力的博弈又会影响权力关系和权力结构的变迁。信息不公开和战略不公正影响了大学权力博弈的公正性和合理性。大学权力博弈必须促进权力对等、尊重知识权力,并遵循大学发展逻辑,才能促进大学的繁荣与发展。     

高校培养大学精神的路径探究

大学精神是高校的灵魂,对高校的建设和发展起着十分重要的作用。大学精神不是自发形成的,它必然受到社会政治、经济、文化等外在环境和校内师生员工等内在因素的各种影响。因此,我区高校应积极主动地运用各种方法和手段,积极引导和培育催人奋进的大学精神,使其成为推动自身发展壮大的灵魂与动力。     

芬兰高中教育成功的因素分析

芬兰高中教育的成功已引起世人的瞩目,其原因既包括长远的教育政策、健全的教育法制法规和独特的教育信任文化等宏观层面因素,也包括灵活的教学方式、高质量的师资队伍、完善的指导咨询体系和校际合作机制等微观层面因素。     

高校CIS战略刍议

文章认为随着高等教育市场的竞争日趋激烈,加强高校形象策划,建立高校CIS,应该成为高校发展的重要战略选择。文章通过借鉴企业CIS内涵,阐述了高等院校导入CIS的重要性和必要性,并对高校建立和实施CIS策略提出了建议。     

火热的芬兰仲夏节

<正>The Midsummer Festival is the greatest summer holiday in Finland.The Finns celebrate it from the heart,let themselves relax and welcome the summer.Cities have official celebrations,but most Finns gather with families and friends at their summer cottages1for a sauna2,banquet3and the midnight bonfire4.仲夏节是芬兰最大的暑期节日。这一天,芬兰人热烈庆祝,放松身心,欢迎夏日的到来。