市民体质监测车的研制与应用

介绍了我国首辆市民体质监测车研制的指导思想、技术关键和研究要点,并概要介绍了上海市民体质监测车运行两年多来,所取得的部分应用研究成果。     

“打造高品质的球车”——泛鹰诠释球场“轿车”品质

2005年岁末，20多辆枣红色的泛鹰（PAN EAGLE）球车“直达”广州至尊高尔夫乡村俱乐部，这是球会购买的第二批PAN EAGLE球车．随着另外的20多辆PAN EAGLE球车于不久之后全部送至，球会将完成球车的更新换代——全部使用本土品牌PAN EAGLE球车以替换原来的进口球车。[编者按]     

泛鹰球车：用质量和服务打动客户的心

2005年岁末，20多辆宝马红的泛鹰（PAN EAGLE）球车“直达”广州至尊高尔夫乡村俱乐部，随着另外的20多辆泛鹰球车此后全部到达，球会将完成球车的更新换代——全部使用本土品牌泛鹰球车以替换原来的进口球车。球车投资历来是球会经营的重要部分，是什么原因让球会作出全面更新球车的决定？[编者按]     

明星靓车

体育明星们大多喜欢汽车,职业网球选手们自然也不例外,一辆好车所表现出来的优雅、迅捷、灵巧和澎湃动力,正是他们用一生最好时光去追求、去崇尚的。他们对汽车的不同喜好和选择,也反映了他们各具特色的人生态度和性格。法国“美人皮尔斯并非漂亮的 花瓶她在场上那全场型的打 法,让每一个对手都不敢小觑。 她对车的要求也是“多方位、多 功能”她驾驶的就是一辆“奔 驰”多用途车。身高 １９６米的克拉吉塞克 驾驶的是一辆“宝马７４４ 这辆车宽敞舒适．动力十 足对于注重家庭生活的 克拉吉塞克来说用这车 带着他的爱妻及小女儿出 行,…     

雅马哈球车再战中国

雅马哈发动机株式会社自1955年7月1日成立起，便矢志不移地追求产品质量、致力于制造世界顶尖水平的摩托车产品，而第一辆雅马哈高尔夫球车——“YAMAHA YG292”于1975年4月上市销售。2001年2月，雅马哈高尔夫球车在诞生25年后，总产量突破80万辆。由第一辆双座汽油发动的高尔夫球车到今天涵盖汽油发动和电动的各款高尔夫球车，     

香港电车百周年纪念

香港的电车是有轨的,车上的铜钟不时发出叮当声,被称为叮当车。从1904年至今,它的发展经历了五个阶段。过去,它曾是市民出行的主要交通工具,而今,港岛北岸的闹市区还有160多辆电车行驶在6条线路上,营运里程26.4公里,占全港公共交通载客量的5％。这种车速缓慢、技术设备陈旧的电车成了现代化城市的一道难以忘怀的风景线。现在还有2辆1912年起投入运行,上层完全敞开的老爷车供游客租用,乘坐在古色古香的电车     

两辆宝马 一种冷酷

甲申暮春,大西北漫天的风沙中,爆出了中国体育彩票发行以来最大的丑闻:“西安宝马车案”,陕西体彩中心违规操作,把彩票销售与开奖全权委托给有造假前科的非法承包人杨永明,结果杨老板故伎重施,将巨奖四辆宝马车中的三辆据为己有,可惜由于一时大意,最后一辆宝马车“意外”地被小     

神功之迷——记著名硬气功表演家侯树英

侯树英的硬气功,在首都和全国各地表演了多场,尤其通过通讯卫星向全世界做了电视实况转播后,轰动了国内外。最近,我们亲眼看了侯树英“四辆摩托锁咽喉”、“五车争体”等等惊人表演,实在不     

鼓励的惊人效益

那天,我和林教授上了一辆的士。那位“的哥”的技术简直糟透了,车开得忽快忽慢,让人感到头晕。车子拐弯时他没减速,差点撞了一辆同向行驶的摩托车。当车驶进一条小街时,有个小女孩横穿街道,要不是一个急煞车,又险些出车祸。乘坐这种“愣头青”开的车,真让人提心吊胆血压升高,我恨不得教训他几句。可是,我侧身一看,只见林教授静坐如钟,双目微闭,稳如泰山,也就保持沉默,三缄其口了。     

下一站，冠军

第76届勒芒24小时耐力赛已经尘埃落定,标致道达尔车队参赛的三辆908HDi FAP赛车中有两辆登上了领奖台。七号车在瓢泼大雨中夺得亚军,车手雅克·维伦纽夫、马克·吉尼与尼古拉·米纳西安没有辜负车队的重托。九     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。