旱地小麦高产优质育种方法及策略

针对目前市场相对优质小麦的需求，分析了小麦品质现状存在问题，对旱地小麦优质化生产的可行性进行了研究。提出了旱地高产小麦品质育种的总体目标和选择方向，以及小麦抗旱，高产，优质能种的途径，方法和策略。     

实现小麦新品种高产稳产优质高效的途径研究

通过穗光合、生物产量、杂种优势等途径探索了小麦的高产稳产与优质高效。结果表明，穗光合对粒重的贡献约相当于旗叶的1．5倍，是产量形成的重要器官，可以选育出具有“绿穗灌浆”特性的新品系，充分利用穗光合，实现高产目标；在提高茎秆强度的情况下，尽可能地提高植株的生物产量，以获得较高的籽粒产量；充分利用新型不育系，组配强优势组合，生产出杂交种，实现小麦高产新途径。同时利用“通过多穗夺高产，通过少花保优质”的措施，解决小麦的高产与优质的矛盾，实现高产与优质的结合。     

沿淮麦区的气象特点及小麦高产技术关键

要搞好小麦生产，保证在不同的自然条件下都能获得高产，仅靠研究小麦自身生长发育规律是不够的，研究气象因素对小麦生产的影响，并结合小麦生长发育特性确定小麦栽培管理的重点时期和技术是搞好小麦生产的重要方面。本文以沿淮的阜南县小麦生产为例，对此问题作一探讨。     

小麦中产变高产的主攻目标及关键技术

针对周口小麦生产连年出现中产徘徊的问题，研究了小麦中产到高产过程中三要素变化特点，相对贡献及主攻目标，关键技术是一推（推广高产、抗病、抗灾新品种）；二控（控播量、控群体）；三增（增穗、增粒、增重）；四防（防倒、防病、防虫、防灾害气气候）；五改（改重氮轻磷不施钾为稳氮增磷补钾优化配方施肥，改高产病虫害的应急防治为常规性防治、改20cm土楼大播量为23cm机播，改灌麦黄水为早浇孕穗灌浆水、改冬春追肥为起身拔节追肥。     

旱地小麦高产优质育种方法及策略

针对目前市场上对优质小麦的需求,分析了小麦品质现状及存在问题,对旱地小麦优质化生产的可行性进行了探讨,提出了旱地高产小麦品质育种的总体目标和选择方向,以及小麦抗旱、高产、优质育种的途径、方法和策略.     

小麦高产高效栽培技术探讨与实践

小麦是我国的主要粮食作物,大力发展小麦生产,对于提高粮食产量,改善人民生活,促进农业现代化建设,具有十分重要的作用。因此提高衡水市的粮食产量,探讨高产、优质、高效栽培技术,对促进小麦生产再上新台阶,实现小麦高产高效具有重要意义。     

抗倒伏基因能在不同品种小麦间传递吗?——对人教版八年级教师教学用书的讨论

<正>1问题朱秋容人教版八年级下册生物教科书P.44:高产倒伏小麦与低产抗倒伏小麦杂交产生高产抗倒伏的小麦,这是由于……配套的教师用书给出的参考答案:为通过杂交,低产抗倒伏小麦把抗倒伏的基因     

国外小麦增产新技术

国外小麦增产新技术一、品种混播把不同小麦品种混播在同一块地上，不仅能发挥各品种的优势，还能克服各品种的弱点，从而提高小麦品种对多变性气候条件和病害的抗性，有助于高产、稳产。要使小麦品种混播增产，在技术上应注意以下几点：１．选择适宜的品种。用两个或两上...     

冬小麦精密播种与小麦精密播种机

本文分析了冬小麦精密播种在小麦高产栽培技术中的意义。使用小麦精密播种机进行播种,能够保证冬小麦精密播种的农艺要求而获得高产。并且论述了小麦精密播种机在农机和农艺结合方面的工作原理。     

旱地小麦新品种高产稳产性分析

采用高稳系数法（HSC），结合稳定性参数和适应性参数对参加2000－2001年度黄淮旱地小麦新品种区域试验的10个品种（系）进行高产稳定性综合评价，结果表明，洛旱2号是一个聚合了高产稳定基因型的优良旱地小麦新品种，临远993，临旱197具有一定的高产潜力，但稳定性差，通过分析证明，高稳系数法是一种简便而有效的评价作物高产稳产性的方法，并通过对产三因素的HSC分析，指出在选育新品种和品种的栽培管理措施中要注意三因素的协调。     

普通小麦×大麦杂种后代耐旱类型的选育

普通小麦×大麦杂种与普通小麦回交,回交后代产生丰富的性状分离,对其中分离出的部分2n=42的整倍体植株,进行形态、生育期和产量等指标的选择,选出了比当地种植的旱地品种长武134和当地主要栽品种小偃22抗旱性强的小麦新类型.     

普通小麦×大麦杂种后代耐旱类型的选育

普通小麦×大麦杂种与普通小麦回交,回交后代产生丰富的性状分离,对其中分离出的部分2n=42的整倍体植株,进行形态、生育期和产量等指标的选择,选出了比当地种植的旱地品种长武134和当地主要栽品种小偃22抗旱性强的小麦新类型。     

Survival of the biocontrol agents Brevibacillus brevis ZJY-1 and Bacillus subtilis ZJY-116 on the spikes of barley in the field

INTRODUCTION Soil-borne pathogens, including Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp., cause significant yield losses in horticulture and agriculture crops (Mao et al., 1997). Current practices for controlling plant diseases are based largely on disease resistant crops, cultivation management in fields and application of synthetic pesticides (Elizabeth and Emmert, 1999). Biological control using antagonistic microbes to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in a system of integrated plantdisease …     

Survival of the biocontrol agents Brevibacillus brevis ZJY-1 and Bacillus subtilis ZJY-116 on the spikes of barley in the field

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused byFusarium graminearum is a devastating disease that results in extensive yield losses to wheat and barley. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing plasmid pRP22-GFP was constructed for monitoring the colonization of two biocontrol agents,Brevibacillus brevis ZJY-116, on the spikes of barley and their effect on suppression of FHB. Survival and colonization of theBrevibacillus brevis ZJY-1 andBacillus subtilis ZJY-116 strains on spikes of barley were observed by tracking the bacterial transformants with GFP expression. Our field study revealed that plasmid pRP22-GFP was stably maintained in the bacterial strains without selective pressure. The retrieved GFP-tagged strains showed that the bacterial population fluctuation accorded with that of the rain events. Furthermore, both biocontrol strains gave significant protection against FHB on spikes of barley in fields. The greater suppression of barley FHB disease was resulted from the treatment of barley spikes with biocontrol agents before inoculation withF. graminearum. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30230250) and Science and Technology Committee of Zhejiang Province (No. 2003C22029), China     

Salinity tolerance in barley during germination—homologs and potential genes

Salinity affects more than 6% of the world’s total land area, causing massive losses in crop yield. Salinity inhibits plant growth and development through osmotic and ionic stresses; however, some plants exhibit adaptations through osmotic regulation, exclusion, and translocation of accumulated Na⁺ or Cl^-. Currently, there are no practical, economically viable methods for managing salinity, so the best practice is to grow crops with improved tolerance. Germination is the stage in a plant’s life cycle most adversely affected by salinity. Barley, the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, has outstanding salinity tolerance, relative to other cereal crops. Here, we review the genetics of salinity tolerance in barley during germination by summarizing reported quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and functional genes. The homologs of candidate genes for salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis, soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have been blasted and mapped on the barley reference genome. The genetic diversity of three reported functional gene families for salt tolerance during barley germination, namely dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) protein, somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase and aquaporin genes, is discussed. While all three gene families show great diversity in most plant species, the DREB gene family is more diverse in barley than in wheat and rice. Further to this review, a convenient method for screening for salinity tolerance at germination is needed, and the mechanisms of action of the genes involved in salt tolerance need to be identified, validated, and transferred to commercial cultivars for field production in saline soil.

     

Identification of QTLs for yield and yield components of barley under different growth conditions

Waterlogging is a major abiotic stress limiting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) yield and its stability in areas with excessive rainfall.Identification of genomic regions influencing the response of yield and its components to waterlogging stress will enhance our understanding of the genetics of waterlogging tolerance and the development of more tolerant barley cultivars.Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain yield and its components were identified using 156 doubled haploid (DH) lines derived from a cross be...     

几种新型种衣剂对小麦生长及产量的影响

本文研究了几种新型种衣剂处理对小麦生长及产量影响.结果表明:几种新型种衣剂处理能提高小麦出苗率,处理较对照基本苗数提高3.48～13.68%;促进小麦生长,提高小麦产量,处理较对照增产3.8～13.2%,其中以激素增产型的增产效果最好.     

RAD对小麦农艺性状及产质量的影响

RAD是一种食品添加剂.用于农业是一种绿色肥料,能增强植物的抗逆性、增加植物产量.本实验用RAD对小麦进行浸种和喷施,研究RAD对小麦农艺性状和产质量的影响.试验结果表明,RAD对小麦的发芽势、发芽率、分蘖数、小穗数、抗逆性、产量及品质等均有不同程度的促进作用.     

烯效唑对小麦产量及产量因素的影响

本文报道了不同浓度烯效唑在小麦分蘖期、拔节期的喷施效果。研究结果表明：喷施烯效唑能增加小麦的有效穗数、穗实粒数、千粒重，提高小麦产量；于小麦拔节期喷施５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ烯效唑增产效果最佳，每公顷增产达５１６．７千克，增产１３．０％。     

种衣剂对小麦壮苗和产量的影响

通过土培试验和田间试验,研究了六种不同性质的种衣剂对小麦壮苗和增产的效果,结果表明,营养型和激素型种衣剂对培育小麦壮苗、提高小麦产量都有较好的作用.本文同时对种衣剂的成型原理、作用机理、理化性状及其复制工艺进行了初步探讨.