跨栏运动员在准备活动中进行不同拉伸练习对其髋关节柔韧性影响的研究

为了探讨跨栏运动员有效的拉伸练习方法,通过对45名跨栏运动员进行拉伸练习的比较试验研究,分析跨栏运动员在准备活动中分别进行两种不同的拉伸练习(静力拉伸练习和PFN法拉伸练习)后,其对跨栏运动员柔韧性的影响。结果表明PFN法拉伸练习更能有效提高跨栏运动员的柔韧性。     

对河北师范大学附中短跑运动员柔韧性的测试研究

本研究通过对河北师大附中在校的高中短跑运动员的柔韧性进行测试,结果显示队员们的脊柱和髋关节柔韧性较好,但大腿前群肌肉和肩关节柔韧性较差。根据队员的实际测试情况,建议教练员在训练中不要忽视柔韧性训练,应将科学、合理的柔韧训练列入训练计划中,并重点加强大腿前群肌肉和肩关节柔韧性。     

拉伸在热身活动中的运用研究

采用文献资料、专家访谈和逻辑分析等研究方法,对拉伸在热身活动中的运用进行分析,对其相关技术及实践运用进行了探讨,并提出了相关操作性建议.     

准备活动中肌肉拉伸练习的效果(综述)

运用文献资料法对准备活动中肌肉拉伸练习效果进行分析，探讨运动前准备活动中的肌肉拉伸练习对随后的运动专项能力所产生的影响。     

业余短跑运动员如何做好赛前准备活动

通过调查、研究和分析,阐明了业余短跑运动员赛前准备活动的重大意义,并介绍了业余短跑运动员赛前准备活动的内容和注意事项。     

静力拉伸法发展柔韧性的最佳拉伸时间──发展少儿游泳运动员踝关节柔韧性的研究

通过不同拉伸时间试验组的比较确定发展少儿游泳运动员踝关节柔韧性的静力拉作最佳时间。比较结果表明：50s、1min20s、2min三种不同时间的静力拉伸对提高踝关节柔韧性的影响基本相同。为使训练时间更为经济，最佳的拉伸时间可控制在50s－1min。     

准备活动中拉伸活动的新视角

近期生物科学与运动科学的研究使拉伸活动与损伤预防相关的假说受到了挑战。     

静力性拉伸运动在足球准备活动中的运用

足球运动中发生运动损伤相对较高,其中肌肉、肌腱、韧带拉伤分别占20．8％、17．4％、15．2％,机械性肌肉拉伤总体竟然占各种损伤的53．4％。据分析,其中很重要的一个原因是在教学和训练中没有进行有效的准备活动等预防措施。因此,在足球教学过程中,实施和加强准备活动的充分性、实效性和多样性是非常必要和重要的。     

伸展运动在短跑准备活动和整理活动中的作用及运甩

短跑是在人体大量缺氧状态下持续高速度跑的极限强度运动，它对运动员的神经和肌肉刺激很大。激烈运动前，若运动员身体各部分的肌肉、肌腱和韧带未得到良好的伸展，易造成运动损伤，影响运动成绩；而运动后，若肌肉未得到有效的放松，那么过多的乳酸堆积，会使局部肌肉酸痛和僵硬，并且疲劳持续时间长，恢复慢，不利于下次课的训练。为了有效地解决这些问题，笔者在教学训练中，要求运动员在准备活动和整理活动中各进行10～15分钟的伸展运动。实践证明，伸展运动对运动员避免伤害事故，促进疲劳肌肉的恢复有着良好的效果。     

上海市青少年短跑运动训练前的准备活动分析

通过对上海市青少年短跑运动员日常训练期间和赛前准备活动的观察,结合访问调查和成功案例,分析上海青少年运动员运动训练前准备活动的现状,提出青少年运动员训练前的准备必须依据项目的技术特点、个人能力、生理和心理的个别差异进行练习,为最终提高专项竞技能力奠定基础。     

PNF拉伸法对武术专选学生下肢柔韧性的影响

以陕西师范大学体育学院2013级36名武术专选生为研究对象,以前俯腰、横叉、纵叉、正踢腿为指标对PNF拉伸法（A组）,动静力结合训练法（B组）,传统的武术下肢柔韧训练方法（C组）的效果进行对比研究。结果表明：经过10周的训练,A、B、C三组学生的各指标成绩均有不同程度的变化,且变化幅度A组>B组>C组。可见,PNF拉伸法是三种训练方法中对提高武术专选生下肢柔韧性最有效的方法。     

在柔韧性训练中运用PNF技术的实验研究

＂PNF＂是本体感觉器神经肌肉同步作用的缩写,这是一项在肌肉伸展前先收缩的技术。文章运用文献法、问卷调查法、实验对比及统计等研究方法对＂PNF＂技术在柔韧性训练中的作用进行应用研究。通过对照性实验研究认为有意识、有目的地在柔韧性训练中运用PNF技术,可以丰富和改善目前较单一的柔韧性训练方法,减少运动损伤,为身体素质训练提供一种简单易行的辅助训练方法。     

The effects of cold application and modified PNF stretching techniques on hip joint flexibility in college males.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of modified Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) flexibility techniques on hip flexion in college males and to determine if local cold application enhances the effectiveness of these techniques. Male subjects (N = 120), with an average age of 21.5 +/- 2.7 years, were randomly assigned to one of four different kinds of stretching treatments with cold or no cold application (15 per group). Range of motion (ROM) in degrees was determined following four stretching techniques: three modified PNF (PCP, 3-PIECP, 3-PIFCP) and a passive stretch (P). Data were analyzed using a 2 (conditions) x 4 (treatments) ANOVA. There were no significant differences in ROM between cold and no cold conditions. Significant differences existed among ROM techniques (p less than .05). Post hoc analyses revealed that the three modified PNF techniques resulted in greater ROM than the passive stretch technique. However, we conclude that cold application does not influence the effectiveness of selected stretching techniques.     

Optimal duration of static stretching exercises for improvement of coxo-femoral flexibility

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different durations of static stretching exercises on coxo-femoral (hip) flexibility. The experimental group, consisting of 20 sedentary women (20-30 years of age), participated in an exercise programme of static stretching exercises with emphasis on the hamstring muscles. The programme lasted for 10 weeks and consisted of two 50-min sessions per week. A control group of 15 sedentary women did not participate in the programme. Hip flexibility was determined before, during and at the end of the programme by means of a goniometric measuring technique developed by us and described elsewhere. Three sub-groups were formed, each following the same programme except that the duration of the static stretch differed (group 1, 10 s; group 2, 20 s; group 3, 30 s). The ANOVA tests showed that for all groups - the control group excepted - the hip flexibility had improved significantly after 10 weeks (P less than 0.05). No significant differences in hip flexibility were noted between the three subgroups at the end of the programme. This finding suggests that a duration of 10 s static stretching is sufficient for improving coxo-femoral flexibility.     

Comparison of vibration rolling,nonvibration rolling,and static stretching as a warm-up exercise on flexibility,joint proprioception,muscle strength,and balance in young adults

Warm-up is an essential component for optimizing performance before an exercise session. This study investigated that the immediate effects of vibration rolling (VR), nonvibration rolling (NVR), and static stretching as a part of a warm-up regimen on the flexibility, knee joint proprioception, muscle strength, and dynamic balance of the lower extremity in young adults. Compared with the preintervention, VR induced the range of motion of knee flexion and extension significantly increased by 2.5% and 6%, respectively, and isokinetic peak torque and dynamic balance for muscle strength and dynamic balance increased by 33%–35% and 1.5%, respectively. In the three conditions, most outcomes between VR and NVR were comparable; however, the participants had a significantly higher knee joint reposition error after NVR than after VR, indicating that NVR would have a hampering knee joint proprioception effect. In particular, compared with static stretching, VR significantly increased the quadriceps muscle strength by 2-fold and dynamic balance by 1.8-fold. These findings suggest that athletic professionals may take VR into account for designing more efficient and effective preperformance routine to improve exercise performances. VR has high potential to translate into an on-field practical application.     

The biomechanical effect of warm-up stretching strategies on landing mechanics in female volleyball athletes

ABSTRACT

Female volleyball athletes incorporate dynamic and static stretching into a warm-up, with evidence generally supporting dynamic stretching to improve performance. However, the effects of these stretching practices on injury risk during subsequent volleyball manoeuvres have yet to be fully elucidated in the warm-up literature. Three-dimensional kinematic data associated with non-contact, lower extremity injury were recorded on 12 female collegiate club volleyball athletes during unilateral landing tasks on the dominant and non-dominant limb. Participants performed landings as part of a volleyball-simulated manoeuvre prior to and post-dynamic (DWU) and combined dynamic-static (CDS) warm-ups. A significant reduction in non-dominant hip adduction angle was found at 15 min post CDS warm-up (p = 0.016; d = 0.38), however, no other warm-up differences were detected. The non-dominant limb demonstrated greater knee abduction (p = 0.006; d = 0.69) and internal rotation angle (p = 0.004; d = 0.88), suggesting that this limb demonstrates more risky landing patterns that are potentially due to altered trunk positioning upon landing. The results show that the majority of selected landing kinematics are unaffected by additional static stretching to a dynamic warm-up and that the non-dominant limb may be at a higher injury risk in female volleyball athletes.     

采用静力拉伸法提高学生柔韧素质的实验研究

较长时间的大运动负荷会产生肌肉延迟酸痛,这主要是由于肌纤维的损伤和痉挛造成的。对这些部位进行静力拉伸,可以使骨骼肌结构功能得以恢复,使肌原纤维的排列得以恢复,从而使延时肌肉酸痛以及肌肉的僵硬现象得以减轻和消除,同时,在肌肉拉伸过程中,还可以相应提高柔韧素质。     

Chronic flexibility gains: effect of isometric contraction duration during proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching techniques

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of to isometic contraction durations during propiceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching on gains inflexion at the hip. Forty-three women (M age = 20.0 years, SD = 1.3) were assigned to one of three groups: 5-s isometric contraction (5-IC), 10-IC, and control. Flexibility was assessed at baseline and Weeks 3 and 6. Analysis of covariance, controlling for pretest differences, showed a significant interaction, F(2, 33) = 44.1, p < .001. Flexibility was significant lower in the control group relative to the 5-IC and 10-IC groups and in the 5-IC group relative to the 10-IC group at 3 and 6 weeks (3 weeks = 101.2 +/- 1.4 degrees, 114.3 +/- 1.5 degrees, 120.5 +/- 1.3 degrees; 6 weeks = 103.0 +/- 1.4 degrees, 126.1 +/- 1.6 degrees, 133.3 +/- 1.4 degrees for control, 5-IC and 10-IC groups, respectively). A longer contraction time led to greater increases in flexibility.     

The sports performance application of vibration exercise for warm-up,flexibility and sprint speed

Abstract

Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been a resurgence of vibration technology to enhance sport science especially for power and force development. However, vibration exercise has been trialled in other areas that are central to athlete performance such as warm-up, flexibility and sprint speed. Therefore, the aim of this review was to attempt to gain a better understanding of how acute and short-term vibration exercise may impact on warm-up, flexibility and sprint speed. The importance of warming up for sporting performance has been well documented and vibration exercise has the capability to be included or used as a standalone warm-up modality to increase intramuscular temperature at a faster rate compared to other conventional warm-up modalities. However, vibration exercise does not provide any additional neurogenic benefits compared to conventional dynamic and passive warm-up interventions. Vibration exercise appears to be a safe modality that does not produce any adverse affects causing injury or harm and could be used during interval and substitution breaks, as it would incur a low metabolic cost and be time-efficient compared to conventional warm-up modalities. Acute or short-term vibration exercise can enhance flexibility and range of motion without having a detrimental effect on muscle power, however it is less clear which mechanisms may be responsible for this enhancement. It appears that vibration exercise is not capable of improving sprint speed performance; this could be due to the complex and dynamic nature of sprinting where the purported increase in muscle power from vibration exercise is probably lost on repeated actions of high force generation. Vibration exercise is a safe modality that produces no adverse side effects for injury or harm. It has the time-efficient capability of providing coaches, trainers, and exercise specialists with an alternative modality that can be implemented for warm-up and flexibility either in isolation or in conjunction with other conventional training methods.     

Evaluation of a static stretching intervention on vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness

Purpose: Maintenance and enhancement of vascular endothelial function contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and prolong a healthy life expectancy. Given the reversible nature of vascular endothelial function, interventions to improve this function might prevent arteriosclerosis. Accordingly, we studied the effects of a 6-month static stretching intervention on vascular endothelial function (reactive hyperaemia peripheral arterial tonometry index: RH-PAT index) and arterial stiffness (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity: baPWV) and investigated the reversibility of these effects after a 6-month detraining period following intervention completion. Methods: The study evaluated 22 healthy, non-smoking, premenopausal women aged ≥40 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to the full-intervention (n?=?11; mean age: 48.6?±?2.8 years) or a half-intervention that included a control period (n?=?11; mean age: 46.9?±?3.6 years). Results: Body flexibility and vascular endothelial function improved significantly after 3 months of static stretching. In addition to these improvements, arterial stiffness improved significantly after a 6-month intervention. However, after a 6-month detraining period, vascular endothelial function, flexibility, and arterial stiffness all returned to preintervention conditions, demonstrating the reversibility of the obtained effects. Conclusion: A 3-month static stretching intervention was found to improve vascular endothelial function, and an additional 3-month intervention also improved arterial stiffness. However, these effects were reversed by detraining.