我国教师专业标准(试行)述评

为构建教师专业标准体系,建设高素质专业化教师队伍,2012年9月13日,教育部制定并印发《幼儿园教师专业标准(试行)》《小学教师专业标准(试行)》《中学教师专业标准(试行)》,该标准规定了我国中小学教师及幼儿园教师专业发展的基本理念、知识构成、能力要求等,对促进教师专业发展,提高教学质量有着重要作用。本文通过探究我国教师专业标准的主要内容及特征,对教师专业发展的实践活动做了启示分析。     

教育部师范司负责人就《中小学教师教育技术能力标准（试行）》答记者问

为了提高我国中小学教师教育技术能力水平，促进教师专业能力发展，2004年12月25日，教育部印发了《中小学教师教育技术能力标准(试行)》(见本刊2005年第2期，以下简称《标准》)，这是我国颁布的第一个中小学教师专业能力标准，是推进我国教师专业发展和教师教育信息化的一项重要举措。《标准》明确了中小学教师在教育技术方面的专业要求，为进一步开展中小学教师教育技术培养培训，     

关于提升我国中小学教师质量的思考——基于世界各国的政策经验

正我国有1600万教育工作者,其中有1200万是中小学教师,如何提升中小学教师质量已成为社会各界关注的一大问题。2011年12月,教育部先后颁布了《幼儿园教师专业标准》《小学教师专业标准》《中学教师专业标准》。为了认真贯彻实施中小学教师专业标准,进一步促进教师的专业发展,我们有必要     

中小学、幼儿园教师有专业标准是一件大事

为了促进教师专业发展,加强中小学和幼儿园教师队伍建设,根据《中华人民共和国教师法》、《中华人民共和国义务教育法》,前不久,教育部制订和颁布了《幼儿园教师专业标准(试行)》、《小学教师专业标准(试行)》以及《中学教师专业标准(试行)》三个征求意见稿,这是教育界的一件大事,它对我国     

从教学基本功出发 争做“标准”之上的教师

不久前,教育部发布了《中小学幼儿园教师专业标准（试行）》（征求意见稿）（以下简称《专业标准》）,提出的基本理念是学生为本、师德为先、能力为重、终身学习;基本内容是专业理念与师德、专业知识、专业能力。《专业标准》是国家对合格中小学教师的基本专业要求,是中小学教师开展教育教学活动的基本规范,是引领教师专业发展的基本准则,更是教师培养、准入、培训、考核等工作的重要依据。     

无锡市中小学教师面向信息化专业发展的培训方案

为了提高我国中小学教师教育技术能力水平,促进教师专业能力发展,2004年12月25日,国家教育部正式颁布了《中小学教师教育技术能力标准》（以下简称《标准》）。这是我国中小学教师的第一个专业能力标准。它的颁布与实施是我国教师教育领域一件里程碑式的大事,将对我国教师教育的改革与发展产生深远影响。为了加深广大教师对《标准》的理解,     

绩效技术支持下的教师信息技术培训模式初探——以上海市浦光中学研究型教师培训为例

2004年末教育部颁布了《中小学教师教育技术能力标准（试行）》（简称《标准》），自此教师教育技术的评价有章可循。《标准》对中小学教师信息技术能力做出了详细的界定。现行的中小学教师信息技术培训作为教师继续教育的一部分为我国的教师专业发展做出了贡献，但其培训模式、培训内容已无法满足信息时代对教师素养的要求，也无法满足该《标准》的要求。本文通过分析我国目前中小学信息技术培训存在的主要问题，阐述了绩效技术的基本原理，     

基于教育技术背景下小学语文教师专业发展的反思

教育部2004年12月颁布了《中小学教师教育技术能力标准(试行)》,它是我国颁布的第一个中小学教师专业能力标准,明确指出了专业化的教师应具有的教育技术能力。这一标准的实施在小学语文教师的专业化发展过程中有极其重要的作用,也有需要进一步反思的地方。     

以上海浦光中学研究型教师培训为例——绩效技术支持下的教师信息技术培训

2005年，教育部颁布了《中小学教师教育技术能力标准》，自此教师教育技术的评价将有章可循。按照教育部规定，全国中小学教师教育技术能力培训试点工作于2005年下半年展开，其中信息技术能力培训又将作为重点之一开展。中小学教师信息技术培训以往作为教师继续教育的一部分为我国的教师专业发展做出了贡献，但是其培训模式、培训内容已无法满足信息时代教师素养的需要，也无法满足《中小学教师教育技术能力标准》的要求。针对目前教师信息技术培训工作中的缺失，我们有必要将绩效技术引入中小学教师信息技术培训，探索新的培训模式。     

美国三项中小学科学教师专业标准的比较及其启示

由美国三大著名教师教育质量认证机构分别针对科学教师的职前、入职和职后三个阶段制定的《科学教师教育标准》《初任科学教师认证与发展标准》《优秀科学教师专业标准》构成了三位一体的美国中小学科学教师专业标准体系。通过对这三项标准的产生背景、制定机构、功能及其关系、框架指标和内容特点等的分析比较,提出了我国中小学科学教师专业发展的几点启示。     

对英格兰《教师专业标准》的解读及思考

本文在分析2007年9月英格兰施行的《教师专业标准》特点的基础上,以英国合格教师资格标准为例,客观地分析了我国现行教师职业标准中存在的问题,提出了建设性改进意见,以进一步完善我国的教师资格标准的制定,提高教师队伍的整体素质。     

国家专业标准视阈下教师专业能力的意蕴、框架及培养策略

国家教师专业标准对实践中的教师专业能力培养提出鲜明的价值导向和具体的评价标准。然而国家教师专业标准中所包含的教师能力体系并未完整准确地概括教师专业能力的全部领域,较为明显地存在见物不见人的倾向,根据国家教师专业标准和教师专业发展基本要求,重新厘定教师专业能力内涵,构建全面科学的教师专业能力框架体系,探讨其培养策略具有重要的实践价值。     

英国"一体化"教师专业标准框架评析

为引领教师专业发展,同时也是为了便于教师履职管理和考核,英国将先前颁布的教师专业发展各个阶段的标准整合起来,形成一个"一体化"的教师专业标准框架.本文对英国教师专业标准框架的制定过程、内容特征进行评析.     

Preservice teacher perceptions of preparedness for teaching: Insights from survey research exploring the links between teacher professional standards and agency

In this article we explore the use of teacher professional standards in an initial teacher education programme and preservice teacher perceptions of their preparedness for teaching using a survey of 54 first- and second-year preservice teachers in a graduate-entry programme. The survey asked the preservice teachers to respond to 16 questions based on professional standards as well as their knowledge of student learning, professional identity and teaching as a career path. The preservice teachers’ responses were analysed using a mixed methods approach that relied on quantitative methods, but was supplemented by qualitative analysis of short-answer responses. Our analyses hypothesised about possible links between the preservice teachers’ responses and the extent to which they perceived they were classroom and career ready. The themes of teachers, teaching and student learning are used to present and discuss the results, while the notion of agency as achievement is used to deepen possible understanding about their meaning and implications. We conclude that the preservice teachers appeared to benefit from learning about professional standards throughout their programme but appeared to lack confidence in: engaging professionally with others such as parents/carers; setting objectives for all students with different backgrounds; and implementing lesson sequences that engage students and promote learning. Most doubted teaching as their future career. Finally, we discuss implications for: adopting standards-integrated initial teacher education programme approaches; preservice and early-career teacher professional learning needs; and future research opportunities, which include using innovative methodologies and conceptual frameworks.     

Representations of teaching and standards-based reform: are we closing the debate about teacher education?

Since the mid-eighties, national organizations have been working together in an effort to reform schools and, more specifically, to reform teaching. Paralleling the movement toward developing curriculum standards for students, professional standards for teachers have also been developed for the purpose of teacher education program accreditation. The objective of this national coalition is to strengthen the teaching profession and raise its standards—eventually enhancing the quality of student learning—by redesigning teacher licensing and accountability requirements for teacher education programs, and engaging teachers in on-going professional development. In this study we address three specific questions: (1) what representations of teaching and teachers are portrayed in the professional teaching standards, their related policies and assessment? (2) how are standards-based reform policies affecting teacher education programs? (3) what representations or conceptions of teaching and teachers are currently reflected in teacher education programs in the context of this reform? To address these questions two states were selected as test cases. Reform documents, policies and practices, as well as interviews with key participants in the reform (e.g., teacher educators, state-level administrators) are described and analyzed, and constitute the evidential basis for this study. The patterns emerging from the data indicate that teacher educators’ degrees of resistance or cooperation with externally imposed frameworks is influenced by their conception of teaching, education and its purpose. Further, as teacher educators uncritically participate in the standards-based movement it becomes impossible for them to entertain alternative perspectives on teaching and education outside of the framework provided to them by the standards.     

Program portfolios: documenting teachers’ growth in reflection‐based inquiry

Meeting the challenge of program accountability is a goal for teacher education programs across the USA. In this context, achieving effective assessment practices that provide concrete evidence of program participants’ knowledge and skills has become both an increasingly significant issue and a challenge to teacher education programs seeking to document the attainment of their program learning outcomes. This qualitative study examined the portfolio reflections of 51 teachers enrolled in an advanced master’s degree program whose learning outcomes are aligned with the core propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. Using the four levels of reflection and a fifth level that emerged from data analysis, we examined the levels of development and change in teachers’ reflections across the program. This analysis helped the researchers to determine to what degree teachers developed a reflection‐based inquiry stance in their classrooms during the program. The study contributes new findings to the body of literature on the role and function of portfolios in teacher education programs seeking to document teachers’ understanding and application of specific program goals and professional standards as a result of professional development coursework. As an authentic assessment tool, portfolio data (i.e., evidence such as the reflections contained therein) can provide an important lens for capturing teachers’ approach to teaching and learning and provides insight into the complexity of professional development for practicing teachers.     

美国特殊教育教师专业标准的发展与评介

美国特殊儿童委员会（CEC）是美国最大的特殊教育专业组织,其制定的特殊教育教师专业标准对美国乃至国际特殊教育教师的培养均发挥着重要的引导和借鉴作用。2010年和2012年,CEC分别颁布了新修订的“特殊教育教师伦理准则”和“特殊教育教师培养标准”。本文即在对其进行介绍和阐述的基础上,将其与2009版本进行内容、结构上的对比和分析,从而明确国际特殊教育教师从业要求的内涵及其变化趋势,以期为我国特殊教育教师培养及整体质量的提高提供经验和借鉴。     

Book Reviews

Though there is a well-established body of research in the field of teacher professional development, it is characterised by a real dearth of any detailed historical analysis. This paper seeks to address this gap, by offering a new historical analysis of a case study of the evolution of organised teacher professional development in England and Wales during the twentieth century. Its approach is hoped to open up the wider debate and to contribute to a fuller understanding of the basis for those questions and dilemmas about teacher professional development that have long exercised teachers, professional educators and policy-makers – questions which turn on fundamental issues of priorities and purpose, funding, scale of teacher engagement, control and reach. The paper is in three main parts. Firstly, the scope of the case study is outlined with key stages in the evolution of teacher professional development in England and Wales identified. Secondly, four themes from the data which characterised this evolution are discussed. These include the restricted engagement of teachers relative to the whole teacher population; limited funding; the highly centralised control over provision for teacher professional development through Her Majesty’s Inspectorate (HMI); and a highly selective and restrictive access to provision by teachers. It is argued that these key characteristics helped to shape a particular culture and ideology of teacher professional development which was dependent on a select cadre of elite teachers for the dissemination and modelling of what was regarded as good practice, so as to improve their colleagues’ performance – the elite excelled while the majority needed to be saved from mediocrity. The particular ideology underlying this model is conceptualised as one of ‘excellence and salvation’. Finally, it is argued that the key issues identified in this story (the restricted engagement of teachers; limited funding; highly centralised control; and ideologies of excellence) raise important generic questions for the field of teacher professional development more widely as well as framing future historical analysis of teacher professional development.     

Improvement Science as a Promising Alternative to Barriers in Improving STEM Teacher Quality through Professional Development

STEM teaching occurs within national and state policy contexts that are constantly shifting in terms of standards and accountability due to the current and intense focus on students’ STEM outcomes. In the last two decades, federal legislation as well as common standards movements increasingly influence what and how STEM teachers instruct their students. Improvement science in education (ISE) has recently emerged as a new method of addressing many of the issues that impact teacher teaching and STEM teacher quality. ISE is a context-focused process improvement approach targeted at school improvement. This article explores three main barriers between STEM teacher professional development and student learning, and focuses on ISE as a promising alternative to current forms of STEM teacher professional development.