Gifted learning disabled students

Abstract

Up to 30 per cent of gifted students display a learning disability, with 10 per cent reading at two or more years below their grade level. They are referred to as being ‐gifted learning disabled’ or as having the dual exceptionalities of giftedness and learning disabilities. For these students, their learning disability is more likely to be recognised and targeted in teaching than their gifted ability.

The present study reviews their learning characteristics and explains these in terms of an information processing model of learning. Nine characteristics are addressed: their superior general intellectual ability in at least some domains of knowledge, a global wholistic preference in thinking, a negative academic self‐concept, low resilience in learning, patterns in motivation to learn orientation, their use of metacognifion, their ability to show what they know, their uneven rates of development, their high standards and goals, and the quality of their interpersonal interactions.

The paper uses these characteristics to recommend a set of procedures for identifying these students. It examines the influence that a learning disability can have on the display of gifted knowledge and describes how dynamic assessment procedures can be used to obtain a more accurate diagnosis. It describes the two main types of general ability profiles that emerge. Procedures for assessing creativity and divergent thinking, a learning disability, aptitude in particular areas, an intrinsic motivation to learn, self‐concept, metacognition and self management of learning are discussed.

To his teachers, Adam was a conundrum. He was a very quick thinker, but not in the ways that would help him excel academically. He had excellent knowledge of a range of subjects but this didn't seem to help him achieve academic success. His answers to questions were unexpected, although, when analysed, creative. On excursions he could be relied on to see ways around obstacles that arose; his teachers valued his ‘native intelligence’ on these occasions. It was less valued in classroom contexts in which they were developing a topic with a group and Adam would interject with ideas and questions that were either ‘marginally relevant’ or ‘further down the track’. They wished he would put his energy more into improving his spelling and writing ability, that were extremely low, and bis recall of the times tables.

Ann, an eight year old, was also perplexing to her teachers. In class she was ‘off task’ and daydreamed a lot. She did not finish most tasks, frequently lost her place and made many careless errors. Her distractability meant that she was frequently disruptive. As a consequence, her level of academic achievement was low. Her teacher interpreted her inattention and impulsivity as a lack of interest in learning and her preference to avoid tasks. As well, however, her teacher noticed her comparatively high level reading ability and her advanced oral language capacity and had difficulty reconciling the two sets of observations.     

民办高校学生英语学习动机和学习策略使用研究

新课改之后各学科教学工作之中都更重视学生学习主体性问题,许多相关的工作人员都开始研究学生学习动机、学习策略问题,本文主要就民办高校英语教学学生学习动机及学习策略选用的现状进行分析讨论,探究学习动机与学习策略之间的关系,希望能够对高校的英语教学工作有所启发。     

合作学习教学策略的实践探索

在实践中,如何处理好小组合作学习与集体教学的关系,如何处理好教师与学生、集体与个体的相互关系,还未形成一个立论点高、方法程序明晰合理的基本思路。本研究在马克思主义人学理论的基础上,将教育理论研究与实验研究相结合,在合作学习理论及教学认识论的指导下,从现代教育的高度,对小组合作学习的教学策略进行研究,构建与学生主体性发展相适应的集体教学、小组合作学习与个别辅导相结合的教学组织形式。通过研究,培养学生的合作意识与合作技能,促进学生社会适应性的发展以及健康积极个性的养成,构建科学、高效的课堂教学组织形式,促进学校教育教学质量的提高。     

元认知策略与大学生英语自主学习研究

元认知是对认知的认知。元认知理论是培养学生创造性思维,构建自主学习的一个重要教学策略。元认知的实质是学习者对自己学习过程中的计划进行监控、调节和评价。学习者只有充分发挥其元认知的潜质．才能成为真正的自主学习者。     

合作学习的教学策略——发展性教学实验室研究报告之二

合作学习是发展性教学中的一个重要策略。该文就合作学习的目标、教学中合作交流的形式及类型、合作学习的实效性等问题进行了探讨     

The learning and study strategies of Norwegian first-year college students

In this study, we examined the learning and study strategies of 173 Norwegian first-year college students and compared the resulting profiles to those of the American students who established the norms for the selected strategy measure (i.e., Learning and Study Strategies Inventory [LASSI]). In addition, we compared the strategy profiles of students with different levels of perceived ability, gender, and age. It was found that the profiles of the Norwegian students were remarkably similar to the profiles of the American norming sample, with only the Motivation subscale of the LASSI showing a large difference between the two samples. Moreover, students with high perceived ability reported using more strategies than students with low perceived ability, and female students, on the whole, reported using more strategies than males. Finally, the age differences in reported strategy use were rather small among the Norwegian students. The results of this study are discussed in both cross-cultural and practical perspectives.     

The learning and study strategies of college students with ADHD

This study compared learning and study strategies of students with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to two groups: college students with learning disabilities (LD) and college students without disabilities. In addition, strengths and weaknesses within the ADHD group were examined on the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory, 2nd edition (LASSI; C.E. Weinstein & D.R. Palmer, 2002). The LASSI was also evaluated as a predictive measure for academic achievement for college students with ADHD compared to other students. Results indicate that several important differences may exist in the learning and study strategies of students with ADHD versus students with LD and students without disabilities. However, the LASSI may not be a useful tool for predicting academic achievement for college students with ADHD. Interventions for working with students with ADHD are given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浅谈有效实施合作学习的策略

本文结合多年教育教学实践,谈谈对有效实施合作学习策略的看法。     

中学生英语学习动机调控策略研究

本文旨在研究中学生在英语学习中对动机调控策略的使用情况及其和英语成绩的关系。采用问卷的方式对105名高中二年级学生进行了调查,并使用SPSS11.5对数据进行了描述性统计分析、独立样本T检验和相关分析。结果表明：中学生对八种动机调控策略的使用频率均达到了中等或较高水平;女生对动机调控策略的使用频率高于男生;八种动机调控策略中,除后果设想之外的其他七种策略均与英语成绩正相关。     

试论小组合作学习在大学生就业指导课中的运用研究

为了提高大学生就业指导课的教学效果,充分发挥学生观能动性,本文试对小组合作学习这一教学组织形式的运用与操作进行了具体探讨,同时指出小组合作学习过程中应当注意的事项,为创新就业指导课的教学形式提供了新的视角和思路。     

高三文理科学生词汇学习策略对比研究--大中英语"一条龙"教学研究之二

本对高三、理科学生在英语学习中词汇策略的使用特点及其对他们英语成绩的影响程度进行了对比研究，结果显示：、理科学生在英语词汇学习中所用策略虽有重合，但仍有所不同；优生与差生在学习时使用词汇策略有些差异。因此，在目前的高中英语词汇教学中宜以策略指导为主。     

高职非英语专业高低年级学生词汇学习策略比较

以问卷调查的方式对高职非英语专业的学生进行英语词汇学习策略的调查,比较高低年级学生的词汇学习策略使用情况。结果表明:在词汇观念上三个年级高职学生没有显著差异,而元认知策略、认知策略和社交/情感策略随年级的升高出现下降的趋势。低年级学生相比高年级学生使用多种策略的频率更高,元认知策略和认知策略有部分呈显著差异。     

A longitudinal study of learning for a group of indigenous Australian university students: Dissonant conceptions and strategies

Conceptions of learning andstrategies used by 15 indigenous students inthree Australian universities were studiedlongitudinally over three years. Their academicachievements were good, but at a high cost interms of time and effort. In spite of the factthat almost half of the students expressedhigher-order (qualitative) conceptions oflearning in the first year and more in thesecond and third years, all of the studentsreported using highly repetitive strategies tolearn. That is, they did not vary their way oflearning, reading or writing in the beginningof their studies and less than half of them didso at the end of the three years. It is arguedthat encountering variation in ways of learningis a prerequisite for the development ofpowerful ways of learning and studying.     

高职生学习策略的调查与分析

对高职院校学生学习策略状况的问卷调查与分析表明：高职男女生之间，普通高中毕业的科生、理科生以及三校生之间的学习策略均有显差异；高职生的学习策略在态度维持、时间管理、专心程度和动机激发备纬度上显比本科生差。     

Gifted and talented students: Implications for school counselors

Educators will have a better understanding of the dysynchrony of young gifted children's cognitive, socio‐emotional, and motor development by carefully observing the various traits of these children.     

The learning and study strategies inventory: A South African application

500 disadvantaged students volunteered to complete the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory at the University of the Witwatersrand. The purpose was two-fold. Firstly, for diagnostic purposes, students and tutors were provided with learning strategy profiles. Secondly, for research purposes, results were analysed on a group and sub-group basis. This analysis revealed that the most problematic components of learning, as perceived by the students, were in the affective areas of motivation and anxiety. Test taking strategies and selecting main ideas were also perceived as weaknesses. A few differences were also found when the variables of gender, language and faculty were introduced.     

Training students to use elaboration learning strategies

The feasibility of creating a training program to facilitate the development of a generalized ability to use elaboration as an individual learning strategy was investigated. Seventy-five ninth graders were randomly assigned to a training/ experimental, control, or posttest-only group. Data analyses for the immediate posttest revealed significant mean differences favoring the experimental group on the free recall and Trial 2 of the paired-associate learning tasks. On the delayed posttest, significant differences favoring the experimental group were obtained for the reading comprehension task and Trial 1 of the serial learning task. These results provide evidence that students can be trained to use elaboration to enhance learning.