Progress report on the development of child abuse prevention, identification, and treatment systems in Eastern Europe

PROBLEM: After the Soviet Union dissolved in 1989, it became apparent that there was little recognition of the problems of child abuse and neglect, professionally, legally, or societally. There were no effective systems or laws in place to deal with these problems. METHOD: Beginning in 1995 the Children's Mental Health Alliance, in conjunction with the Open Society Institute began conducting trainings in Eastern Europe [Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry 39 (2000) 660]. Originally 18 countries from the Baltics to the Balkans participated. A program was elaborated which would proceed in several stages: (1) training mental health professionals to deal with child abuse and neglect (CAN); (2) teaching multidisciplinary team work and fostering the development of multidisciplinary NGOs focused on CAN; (3) promoting the self-sufficiency of these NGO's which would then facilitate social and legal reform and increase public awareness of the problem. Specific methods included multi-national trainings, assignment of mentors to the developing teams who maintained weekly contact with the teams and made yearly site visits to their countries, and overseeing project grants from OSI. RESULTS: NGO's had been established and registered in 11 countries, many establishing a network of programs within their countries. By 2000, over 3800 mental health professional had been trained, either directly by the program or by the trainees of the program. By the end of 2000, over 17,000 other professionals (lawyers, police, judges, educators, other physicians, etc.) had been trained by the network. CONCLUSION: While more work needs to be in this region, the teams in 11 countries have made solid starts.     

National Slurs on Dutch

National slur is a linguistic form expressing unequal treatment of one ethnic group by another.It is the direct result of national xenophobia,which is usually formed through semantic degradation by giving nicknames or derogatory terms and making proverbs.The associative meaning of a nation-specific word is often rendered to give insult to this ethnic group in confrontation or opposition with the nation in dominance of their shared language.This paper revolves around the formation,application,cultural connotation,and the proper understanding of national slurs on Dutch.After a thorough analysis of national slurs on Dutch as well as a careful induction and deduction about words of offensive nationality concerning "Dutch",the perjoration of word meaning in Dutch expressions can be clearly pictured in this paper.Thus,the national slurs on Dutch can reveal itself more profoundly.Born the cultural awareness of national slur in mind under such a pretext,special attention can be adequately given in understanding and conveying the cultural connotation of Dutch expressions.Therefore,the study of national slurs on Dutch will effectively facilitate cultural communication.     

日本的“民族学级”及其对中国民族教育的启示

在日朝鲜人的民族教育,近年来作为民族教育的一个特殊案例,开始受到我国学者的关注。然而从现有研究来看,学者们多以在日朝鲜人总联合会或在日大韩民国居留民团旗下的民族学校、即传统的全日制民族学校为研究对象。而对在日朝鲜人民族教育重要组成部分的"民族学级"的研究则很少。因此以日本的"民族学级"为考察对象,对它的起源、现状、意义及其对我国民族教育的启示等问题进行探讨是很有现实意义的。     

论韦拔群的民族平等观

从韦拔群提倡民族平等,反对大民族主义,团结和帮助瑶族同胞共同革命,积极培养瑶族干部,注重发展瑶族人民经济和文化教育事业等方面论述韦拔群在大革命时期实行的民族政策及其取得的成效,从当时社会阶级矛盾和民族矛盾的现实、壮族传统伦理文化以及党的民族政策对韦拔群的影响等方面探讨韦拔群民族平等现形成的原因及其产生的影响.     

关于民族融合的再思考

民族融合既是一种结果,又是一种过程.无论在理论上,还是在现实需要上,民族融合都是一种正面的概念和积极的因素,应该正视和肯定.然而现阶段离消亡性的民族融合还很远,这时候强调它,用政策来推动它是不适宜的.多样性和民族融合是相反相成、互为条件的对立统一;提倡文化多样性不是否认民族融合,反之亦然.所以,要融合,也要多样性.     

主观阶层认同研究综述

主观阶层认同是个人对自己在社会阶层结构中所占据的位置的感知,作为阶层意识的一个组成部分,它一方面反映社会分层这一社会事实,另一方面反映相对独立的心理存在。从社会范畴化、社会比较、社会认同化、社会认同威胁和认同解构及重建五个方面分析主观阶层认同研究的理论基础;从方法及我国大众主观阶层认同状况阐述主观阶层认同的研究现状;从主、客观两方面来阐述主观阶层认同形成的影响因素,并对当前及以后的研究进行评价与展望。     

国家考试立法的几点思考

考试制度是一种崇尚程序正义的程序制度,属于国家政治制度的范畴。成文法规性考试的创建与实施,都是国家意志的体现,既表现为一种社会行为,又是一种行政行为或者政治行为。考试的核心理念是公开、公平和公正。制定国家考试法的宗旨不仅应当体现在依法规范国家考试秩序,建立和完善科学的考试规范和程序上,同时也应当体现在维护应考人员参加考试权,并为其提供方便、快速、有效的法律保障和司法救济上。     

略论近代中国的民族反省

“近代中国的民族反省”,是指近代中国人对本民族的不足——特别是民族心理、民族精神之缺失的批判性的自我体认。大体说来,近代民族反省经历了对器物、制度与文化根本之不足进行反省的三个阶段。从国民性批判及民族精神反思的意义上说,近代民族反省则经历了鸦片战争之后启蒙的发轫、甲午战争之后国民性反思浪潮的涌起与五四时期国民性批判达到高潮这样三个阶段。自省、旁观、比较成为近代民族反省尤其是国民性批判的三重视野。针砭劣根性、解剖病源、构建民族精神即新国民性,是近代民族反省思潮重点关注的三个问题。     

中华民族幸福观管窥

幸福，是人类现实生活中存在的一个重要现象，也是人类挚着追求的目的和理想，他与人生、社会有着极为密切的联系。对此，中国古代思想家作了许多有益的探索，其思想对中华民族的生活心理和生活方式产生了极其重要的影响。     

国家考试立法浅议

考试作为中国古代产生发展而来的一种甄别、选拔人才的机制,在当今社会仍然发挥着越来越重要的作用。但也正是由于考试的重要性,造成了在考试领域的诸多问题。因此,国家考试立法正当时需。其作用一是可以维护考生权益,二是可以有效克服考试管理工作中的混乱与低效,三是有利于国家控制考试方向。     

民族精神与民族凝聚力

民族精神的一个重要价值就是它能够产生和增强民族凝聚力。追问民族精神凝聚功能的产生缘由,阐明民族精神产生和增强民族凝聚力的表现,探寻在实践中有效发挥民族精神凝聚作用的途径,对于增进民族凝聚力、促进民族发展具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

从“批评意见”看列宁民族理论思想

20世纪初,列宁从俄国民族斗争的实际出发,撰写了《关于民族问题的批评意见》一文。列宁以马克思主义民族理论为指导,澄清了资产阶级和机会主义者在民族问题上散布的谬论和制造的混乱,批判了他们鼓吹的超阶级民族文化反动谬论,为解决俄国民族问题指明了方向。     

基于形态学视域下的国家治理研究

在形态学的视域下,可以把国家治理形态界定为实体形态、理论形态、制度形态、实践形态和价值形态等五种形态。针对各具体形态的内涵、特征、功能和相互关系进行系统研究,有利于我们理清对国家治理形态的认识,开拓国家治理研究的理论视野,提升国家治理理论的整体性研究和国家治理的实践能力。