工程项目发包方与监理方冲突来源、分类及管理

发包方与监理方之间的委托关系意味着双方主体在某些方面存在不同,在组织、技术、资金、管理权限、市场化以及是否盈利等方面均有显著区别。单一委托模式、平行委托模式和联合体委托模式分别适用于不同的监理委托模式。双方产生冲突的来源大致可归结为发包方主要责任、监理方主要责任以及不确定事项等几个方面。按照成因和合同关系范畴对冲突事项进行分类,并在此基础上,从合同和关系层面说明如何管理事前冲突,从发包方、监理方和合同建设三个角度论述了如何管理可能面临的冲突。     

三级课程管理体制下国家与地方课程权力的博弈

随着我国三级课程管理体制的实行,国家与地方的教育行政部门之间将产生课程权力博弈的现象。这两级行政主体之间课程权力博弈的内容主要体现在课程决策权、课程管理权和教材编写审定权三个方面,而双方课程权力博弈的特征则可以描述为强制性、层次性和不均衡性等。     

体育教学中自主性的价值功能及其培养

自主性的价值功能是多方位的,从生理、心理、社会活动、人际交往、耐挫力以及创新意识等方面都能得到体现。在教学活动中,笔者认为自主性的价值功能主要是从自己选择、自主练习、自我评价三个方面体现出来,因此,在教学过程中教师应从这三个方     

工程项目监理方与承包方冲突来源、分类及管理

监理方与承包方冲突对项目影响很大。监理方与承包方的关系取决于他们自身的功能属性,包括监理职能、合约关系、工作关系等。双方关系的异化常常导致冲突,科学辩证看待双方关系能有效减少冲突。监理方和承包方冲突的来源大致可以分为项目质量冲突、进度冲突、成本冲突及安全文明施工冲突等几个方面。按照已有的冲突成因和属性标准对所列冲突事件进行分类,分类结果为全面客观认识冲突提供了多个视角。冲突的自我管理和他人管理是双方冲突管理的主要应对方式。     

教育价值观视阈下中外合作办学教学文化培育

中外合作办学目前已成为我国高等教育的重要组成部分。然而,由于中西方在教育价值目标、取向、理性和规范等方面差异巨大,导致合作办学双方面临诸多教育文化冲突,尤其是教学文化冲突。中外合作办学教学文化主要呈现在教学物质文化、教学精神文化和教学制度文化三个层面。要解决这些矛盾与冲突,合作办学双方迫切呼唤教学文化培育,以尊重师生的价值观和情感、态度为前提,改变一方强势、排他、普世,另一方封闭、僵化、固守的教学文化型式,构建合作、开放、多元、民主的第三方新教学文化范式,在冲突与融合中实现教学文化的创新,从而走向双赢。     

农村小学留守儿童教育问题初探

留守儿童,是指父母双方或一方外出打工,而自己留在农村生活的孩子。这些孩子是社会中的弱势群体,其在学习、生活、心理、性格等方面存在诸多问题。家长、学校和政府必须共同关注并加以解决这一社会问题。     

人际关系发展中的称呼语演变

在言语交际中,称呼语是最重要的组成部分。称呼语的选择充分地体现了交际双方的地位和关系。称呼语的改变可以体现说话双方情感、亲疏关系等方面的变化,同时,人际关系的改变也体现在称呼语的改变上。人际关系和称呼语有着密切的联系。本文讨论人际关系发展的五个阶段中,说话者双方称呼语的演变,以揭示称呼语背后所隐藏的人际关系变化及交际双方的身份特征。     

哲学解释学视角下班级管理模式探析

一、建基于哲学解释学之上的班级管理模式 哲学解释学的主要观点可以概括为以下四个方面：理解是一种意义创造和不断生成的过程,它不是一方一定要抛弃自己的观点而去符合对方的观点和意见;理解之所以能够实现,在于双方的视域融合。在这一过程中,双方的视界不断遭遇、交融和沟通,以修正自己和接纳他人来达到主体间的相互承认;对话是理解和视域融合的途径,其实质是：对话的双方在一种开放、共享的环境中互相吸引、互相包容、共同参与,彼此敞开和接纳,从而达成对对方的理解与倾听^[1];     

黄冈革命老区"留守幼儿"现状调查

留守幼儿,即父母双方或一方流动到其他地区,自己留守在户籍所在地并因此不能和父母双方共同生活的6周岁及以下的未入小学的儿童。从全国来看,留守幼儿群体数量庞大、主要集中于贫穷落后的农村地区。他们大多具有生活隐患较多、生存状况不佳等问题。目前社会各界对留守幼儿群体未给予足够的重视与同情。我们必须加强对留守幼儿这一特殊群体的研究,聚集社会各方面资源,努力提升他们的福利水平。     

儿童交往冲突产生的原因及解决策略

所谓冲突,一般指的是活动的参与者之间相互反对或一方阻止另一方企图的比较自觉的行为,它是教育活动中一种基本的互动形态。〔1〕儿童的交往冲突是指交往双方在行为、言语或情绪等方面的矛盾对抗状态,这种状态主要是由于同伴之间在行为、意见或者资源、利益等方面的不一致引起的。据研究表明,儿童的交往冲突有助于促进儿童社会交往技能的获得,有助于儿童建立健康、良性的自我概念;同时,儿童的交往冲突是儿童道德发展过程中不可或缺的重要环节。一、儿童交往冲突产生的原因儿童在交往过程中发生冲突是在所难免的。冲突产生的具体原因也多种多…     

农民与国家关系的演变模式及前景

从中国农民与国家关系的历时性视角来看,农民与国家关系的演变可能有五种变动模式:(1)传统社会中的农民与国家是一种四位一体、虚实双线关系;(2)土改时期的农民与国家是一种四位一体、双边二重关系;(3)集体化时期农民与国家是一种三位一体、城乡二元关系;(4)改革以来农民与国家是一种四位一体、强弱双线关系;(5)未来农民与国家关系演变的可能前景,或许是一种多元一体、合作共赢关系。     

Self-esteem,Locus of Control and Various Aspects of Psychopathology of Adults with Visual Impairments

The exploratory study presented in this article looks into the possible differences in psychosocial aspects (self-esteem and locus of control) and aspects of psychopathology (depression, anxiety, melancholia, asthenia, and mania) amongst sighted adults and adults with visual impairments. Moreover, the study aims to examine the possible correlations between psychosocial aspects and aspects of psychopathology of adults with visual impairments. Furthermore, this study examines the possible relationships between the above psychological aspects and the individual features of the participants (age, gender, age at onset of visual impairments, how recent the loss of vision is, marital status, employment status, and ability of independent mobility). One hundred and forty-eight adults participated in the study: 55 adults with visual impairments and 93 sighted adults. The research was based upon the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Rotter’s Internal–External Locus of Control Scale, and the Symptoms Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety. The results reveal correlations between psychosocial aspects and psychopathology of adults with visual impairments. Moreover, the individual features influence the psychosocial aspects and psychopathology of the participants.     

职教集团资源共享的综合评价指标构建

职教集团资源共享的综合评价指标主要包括职教集团成员单位之间的人力资源、物力资源、财力资源、信息资源、文化资源等资源的共享。人力资源共享指标包括管理者、员工、学生三个方面;物力资源共享指标包括实习实训场所、教学仪器设备、图书资料三个方面;财力资源共享指标包括资金来源、资金利用两个方面;信息资源共享指标包括硬件信息、软件信息、潜件信息三个方面;文化资源共享指标包括制度文化、物质文化、精神文化三个方面。     

Teacher support and math engagement: roles of academic self-efficacy and positive emotions

The current study assessed 869 elementary school students in China using self-report questionnaires, to examine the multiple mediating effects of academic self-efficacy and positive academic emotions (enjoyment and relief) in the relations between teacher support and academic engagement (cognitive, behavioural and emotional aspects) within a math class. The results indicated that teacher support exerted a direct and significant impact on the three aspects of math engagement. Both academic self-efficacy and enjoyment mediated the relations between teacher support and the three aspects of math engagement, whereas relief did not mediate such relations. Moreover, teacher support affected math engagement through multiple paths from academic self-efficacy to both enjoyment and relief. Relief displayed a smaller effect on the three aspects of math engagement than enjoyment did. However, we did not find substantial difference in the underlying mechanisms of different aspects of engagement. Limitations and educational implications were also discussed.     

IMPROVEMENT OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION—THE CASE OF SUBTRACTION

The research study this article is based on aims to implement research knowledge to teaching, that is, the concept of critical aspects and dimensions of variation used in the variation theory. To do this, the researchers worked with willing teachers to explore how to make mathematics teaching more effective. This paper illustrates how teachers make use of a learning theory, the variation theory, as well as their own professional expertise and collaboration to help students improve their mathematical understanding of subtraction as well as their learning of it. The students’ tests, examinations of students’ mathematical work, the teachers’ lessons plan and reports of the instructions for lessons form the data base for the article. The analysis indicates that one of the critical aspects in the process of implementation of the variation theory in the teachers’ practice was to identify the critical aspects in students’ learning. Another critical aspect in the implementation of the variation theory was to open up dimensions of variation in the identified critical aspects of the students. By giving teachers the possibility to develop the ability to identify critical aspects in students’ learning, dimensions of variation are opened up in these aspects, and by applying this knowledge in the daily teaching, they have the possibility to improve students’ learning. The findings suggest that developing an understanding of the students’ critical aspects can be a productive basis in helping teachers make fundamental changes in their instructions and improve students’ learning.     

基于自主培养的高校教师专业发展支持系统

基于自主培养的高校教师专业发展具有包括技能、知识、意识、行动的多维结构,其支持系统包括制度、资源和文化三要素。支持系统通过目标-结果和行动-过程两种反馈机制对教师自主培养进行支持。基于自主培养的高校教师专业发展支持系统是对原有系统的变革。基于自主培养的高校教师专业发展支持系统的构建,在制度要素方面需要建立发展性评价制度、增加管理弹性,在资源要素方面需要采取教师发展中心模式、开展主动建构的发展项目,在文化要素方面要形成鼓励创新、鼓励合作的文化。     

Relation between cognitive and motor performance in 5- to 6-year-old children: results from a large-scale cross-sectional study

The relation between cognitive and motor performance was studied in a sample of 378 children aged 5-6. Half of these children had no behavior problems; the others were selected for externalizing (38%) or internalizing problems (12%). Quantitative and qualitative aspects of motor performance were related to several aspects of cognition, after controlling for the influence of attention. No relation between global aspects of cognitive and motor performance was found. Specific positive relations were found between both aspects of motor performance, visual motor integration and working memory, and between quantitative aspects of motor performance and fluency. These findings reveal interesting parallels between normal cognitive and motor development in 5- to 6-year-old children that cannot be ascribed to attention processes.     

论"三育人"的育人观——兼谈全员育人在大众化高等教育中的重要意义

文章认为, “三育人”一方面体现了育人的全面性即全员育人,另一方面体现了教书、管理、服务和育人的内在统一性。深入理解“三育人”的内涵,树立正确的育人观．进一步推进“三育人”工作,是新形势下开创高校育人工作新局面的重要途径。     

Developmental differences in part/whole identification

At issue in the present research was whether or not preschoolers are able to simultaneously perceive multiple aspects of an object. This issue was examined in 2 experiments in which 3-5-year-olds were asked to describe part/whole pictures (e.g., a "house made of crayons"). Prior developmental research has suggested that preschoolers typically fail to name both part and whole aspects of such pictures. In the present study, parts and wholes ranged from relatively "simple" to relatively "difficult" for preschoolers to identify and label. The results showed that even 3-year-olds frequently named both part and whole aspects of our "simple" pictures but were significantly less likely to name both aspects of more "difficult" pictures. Overall, the results suggest that multiple-aspect perception is available as early as 3 years of age, and that preschoolers' failure in previous studies to explicitly identify both part and whole aspects of the same object may reflect failure in verbal or metacognitive skills rather than in children's ability to perceive multiple aspects of an object.     

A Study of Students' Focal Awareness when Studying Science Stories Designed for Fostering Understanding of the Nature of Science

Using Marton's theory of the structure of awareness as a theoretical framework, this study investigated the aspects that students discerned and brought into their focal awareness while they studied four science stories in an instruction designed for fostering understanding of the nature of science (NOS). The data showed that when students studied the stories many focused only on one or two aspects, from among a range, presented in the stories. Further, the aspects of the stories in the students' focal awareness were closely linked to the views of NOS that they developed subsequent to the instruction. Students who focused on certain appropriate aspects acquired adequate views of NOS while those who focused on other aspects acquired inadequate views of NOS. The theory therefore offers a viable explanation for why students often construct idiosyncratic meanings from learning experiences that differ from those intended – by attributing it to students attending to certain aspects rather than others. However, the data also show that students' prior conceptions strongly influence their construction of meanings from the learning experiences. The complementarity of the theory of the structure of awareness and the constructivist view of learning are considered. Implications for classroom practices are discussed.