论学习信念的形成

学习者通过学习的实践活动,不仅获得了具体的知识、技能,也形成了自己的学习信念。这些学习信念可能是外显的,也可能是内隐的;可能是系统性的,也可能是无系统的,各种信念之间虽然是矛盾的,却是学习者学习的社会实践活动在头脑中的反映,是活动、教育和文化背景共同作用的产物,不仅受个体本身因素(如学习和活动经验、认知发展水平)的影响,而且受个体所处环境(如家庭、学校和社会文化)的影响,这些因素相互作用,共同影响了学习者对学习信念的形成和发展。     

学生英语学习信念结构探析

在借鉴以往研究,参考学习信念问卷SEQ和EB及外语学习信念问卷BALLI的基础上,经过访谈和问卷调查,通过探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析得出高中生英语学习信念包含六个核心维度：天生能力、努力的作用、快速学习、知识简单化、知识联系性和准确性要求。     

儿童学习信念研究综述

学习信念蕴含于个体的自我系统之中,包含学习目标和自我效能感两方面的内容.学习信念的形成与发展除了其内隐机制有待进一步通过实验加以证实之外.个体所处文化,尤其是通过家庭中父母的教养而传递的文化对儿童学习信念的影响已得到众多研究的支持.这些研究结果为我们今后进一步探索儿童学习信念的自我建构及文化对儿童学习信念的影响奠定了基础.     

语言学习信念研究综述

语言学习信念是个体差异的重要内容,对语言学习的影响不可低估。国内外有关语言学习信念的研究层出不穷。综观大量文献,语言学习信念的研究主要集中在以下两个层面：研究内容和研究方法。研究内容涉及：（1）语言学习信念体系研究;（2）语言学习信念与其他学习因素关系研究;（3）语言学习信念稳定性研究;（4）语言学习信念干预研究。研究方法可以分为定量研究和定性研究。特别是在国内,语言学习信念研究有待进一步深入,本文从三个层面提出了语言学习信念的研究展望。     

数学教师信念与学生数学信念系统对学生数学学习兴趣影响的路径研究

运用路径分析方法探讨中学数学教师信念与学生数学信念系统对学生数学学习兴趣的影响,通过实证研究与分析,得出一系列结论。     

英语学习者语言学习信念稳定性研究

作为语言学习中的重要个体差异,语言学习信念是相对稳定的,但并非一成不变,而是不断发展变化的。语言学习信念受诸多因素的影响,影响语言学习信念的因素主要有两类：外部原因和内部原因。以外部原因——语言学习经历的研究为侧重点,采用焦点小组访谈,调查了英语学习者中学和大学阶段的语言学习经历以及他们在中学阶段和大学阶段对语言学习的看法。结果表明：中学和大学阶段的英语学习信念有很大的不同：英语学习信念随着语言学习经历的不同而发生变化。     

中泰英语教师语言学习信念比较研究

本研究以183名中国英语教师和159名泰国英语教师为研究对象,通过问卷调查从五个方面对比分析了两国教师的语言学习信念。结果显示,在调查的五个方面的34项语言学习信念中,两国教师有29项存在显著性差异。在语言学习能力方面,泰国教师对外语学习比中国教师更乐观和自信;对语言学习难度的看法上,中国教师认为英语语言学习的难度要远比泰国教师认为的大;在对语言学习本质的认识上,中国教师的信念更现代和客观,泰国教师更倾向于传统的语言学习信念;在外语学习与交际策略方面,中国教师不仅更关注语言的准确性,也同样更重视语言表达的流利度;对于学习动机与期望,中国教师的外语学习动机比泰国教师强,泰国教师的外语学习动机更倾向于融入型,而中国教师学习外语的动机更倾向于工具型。     

中学生数学信念系统与数学学习兴趣关系的研究

中学生数学信念系统包括数学信念、数学学习信念、数学教学信念、数学自我信念、学习环境信念,它们之间存在显著的相关性,且各信念与数学学习兴趣显著相关.高低分组数学信念系统的学生数学学习兴趣有显著性差异.数学自我信念、数学学习信念、数学信念与数学学习兴趣有显著的线性关系,且对数学学习兴趣的效应均极其显著,对数学学习兴趣的影响程度由大到小.     

数学教师信念研究综述

数学教师持有的信念支配着教师的教学活动,决定教师创设的课堂规则,影响学生的数学相关信念,学生学习的主动性和情感.在教学过程中,教师的教学经验、学生的信念、工作环境等因素阻碍教师信念得以实施.教师信念的形成与发展受其在学生时代形成的信念、师范教育计划、指导教师的信念、教学环境等因素的影响.     

学习信念及其对学习行为和学习动机的影响

学习信念是指学生个体对知识、学习经验所持有的直觉认识,它涉及对知识性质、学习性质、学习过程与学习条件等维度的直觉认识.学习信念对学生的学习行为、学习动机有着重要的影响作用,成熟的学习信念导向积极的学习行为和学习动机.     

非英语专业新生的英语学习信念与英语课堂焦虑的相关研究

大部分非英语专业新生在英语课堂里有较高的焦虑度,而部分英语学习信念与英语课堂焦虑有显著的负相关关系,也就是说英语学习信念可能是导致焦虑的原因之一。外语学习信念和外语课堂焦虑是二语学习过程中两个重要的个体差异变量,研究两者之间的关系是二语研究的重要课题。     

Epistemological beliefs and self-regulated learning with hypertext

This study investigated the relationship between epistemological beliefs, prior domain knowledge and self-regulated learning. Biology students (n?=?25) and humanities students (n?=?26) who varied in their epistemological beliefs learned with a hierarchical hypertext about the topic of genetic fingerprinting. During their learning processes, logfiles and questionnaire data were collected. Results indicate that students do metacognitively calibrate their learning process to the complexity of the presented learning material, e.g. by processing more complex deeper-level nodes longer. Furthermore, these calibration processes were significantly related to epistemological beliefs. For example, more ‘sophisticated’ epistemological beliefs were associated with processing more nodes, whereas more ‘naïve’ beliefs were related to spending more time on single nodes. Both effects were especially pronounced on deeper hierarchical hypertext levels. Prior domain knowledge also had an impact, especially on comprehensibility ratings: biology students considered all nodes more comprehensible than humanities students. Additionally, epistemological beliefs as well as prior domain knowledge were also significantly associated with the learning outcome: for example, more prior domain knowledge led to significantly higher learning outcome.     

Teachers’ beliefs, instructional behaviors, and students’ engagement in learning from texts with instructional pictures

This study investigated the relations between teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and students’ self-reported engagement in learning from texts with instructional pictures. Participants were the biology, geography, and German teachers of 46 classes (Grades 5-8) and their students. Teachers’ instructional behaviors and students’ engagement in learning from texts with instructional pictures were assessed by means of student ratings. Teachers’ beliefs about using texts with instructional pictures in their teaching were assessed by a self-report questionnaire. Results showed that the more teachers believed that students should be taught clear strategies on how to learn from texts with instructional pictures the more engagement was reported by their students. A multilevel mediation model showed that the association between teachers’ beliefs and students’ self-reported engagement was mediated by teachers’ perceived instructional behavior.     

Scientific epistemic beliefs, conceptions of learning science and self-efficacy of learning science among high school students

This study examined the relationships among Taiwanese high school students’ scientific epistemic beliefs, conceptions of learning science, and self-efficacy of learning science. The questionnaire responses gathered from 377 high school students in Taiwan were utilized to elicit such relationships. The analysis of the structural equation model revealed that students’ absolutist scientific epistemic beliefs led to lower-level conceptions of learning science (i.e. learning science as memorizing, preparing for tests, calculating, and practicing) while sophisticated scientific epistemic beliefs might trigger higher-level conceptions of learning science (i.e. learning science as increase of knowledge, applying, and attaining understanding). The students’ lower-level conceptions of learning science were also found to negatively associate with their self-efficacy of learning science, while the higher-level conceptions of learning science fostered students’ self-efficacy. However, this study found that students who viewed scientific knowledge as uncertain (advanced epistemic belief) tended to possess lower self-efficacy toward learning science.     

Young children's motivational beliefs about learning science

For learning science, motivational beliefs such as confidence in one's science abilities and liking of science are associated with current and future science achievement, as well as continued interest in science classes and careers. However, there are currently no measures to test young children's motivational beliefs related to science learning. To meet this need, we developed the Puppet Interview Scales of Competence in and Enjoyment of Science (PISCES). We piloted PISCES with 113 kindergarten children in public schools participating in the Scientific Literacy Project (SLP). Factor analysis supported the multidimensional structure of young children's self-related beliefs about learning science. PISCES scales measured Science Liking, Science Competence, and Ease of Science Learning. Correlations among PISCES scales and achievement subtests provided evidence of PISCES's validity. Children's motivational beliefs varied as a function of length of time spent learning science, with competence beliefs associated positively with science experience. There were no gender differences.     

Epistemic beliefs in action: Spontaneous reflections about knowledge and knowing during online information searching and their influence on learning

In the present study it was investigated whether high school students are spontaneously able to reflect epistemologically during online searching for information about a controversial topic. In addition, we examined whether activating epistemic beliefs is related to individual characteristics, such as prior knowledge of the topic and argumentative reasoning skill; also whether learning from the Web is influenced by epistemic beliefs in action and the ability to detect fallacies in arguments. The participants (N = 64) were students of Grade 13, who were asked to think aloud during navigation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Findings reveal that most participants spontaneously activated beliefs about all four dimensions identified in the literature, that is, about the simplicity/complexity, certainty/uncertainty, justification, and source of knowledge, at different levels of sophistication. Most epistemic reflections were about the source of knowledge. Two patterns of contextualized epistemic beliefs emerged and significantly influenced learning from the Web, which was also affected by participants' ability to identify argumentative fallacies.     

Developing effective teacher beliefs about learners: the role of sensitizing teachers to individual learning differences

Effective teacher beliefs about students are an integral part of effective teaching. Teachers with interventionist beliefs about students (‘I can intervene to help a learner with difficulties’) show more effective practice than teachers with pathognomonic beliefs (‘I blame the learner for his difficulties’). A professional development (PD) course sensitized teachers (N = 234) to individual learning differences (ILDs), using five learning/cognitive styles tools. Teachers’ responses to a pre‐/post‐test question concerning their beliefs about ‘weak students’ were analyzed and correlated with their ILD scores. Before the PD, teachers with strong ILD preferences matched to traditional learning contexts were significantly more ‘at risk’ (i.e., had fewer interventionist beliefs) than the other teachers; the former teachers were significantly overrepresented in the sample. After the PD, teachers’ interventionist beliefs significantly increased, regardless of their ILD preferences. Neither the length of the PD (28 hrs. vs. 56 hrs.) nor the amount of teaching experience affected the teachers’ interventionist beliefs about students. A mediated, constructivist and collaborative PD, which sensitizes teachers to individual learning differences, can increase effective teacher beliefs about students. We conclude that developing more effective teacher beliefs about learners should become a component of teacher professional development.     

高中生英语学习信念及其与英语学习行为的关系

英语学习信念包括六个维度:天生能力、努力作用、快速学习、知识简单化、知识联系性、准确性要求.通过对高中生英语学习信念的特点及其与英语学习行为的关系研究发现:(1)天生能力信念年级差异显著,高二学生在这两个信念上好于高一和高三学生,知识简单化信念的年级和学校交互作用显著;(2)英语学习信念对英语学习行为有显著预测作用,信念越成熟,学习行为越积极;(3)英语学习信念和英语学习行为存在三种匹配类型:不成熟信念-不积极行为、成熟信念-积极行为、成熟信念-不积极行为,不存在不成熟信念-积极行为的类型.与普通校相比落后校中成熟信念-不积极行为的人数在总体中所占比例更高,与重点校相比普通校也如此.     

The change in epistemological beliefs and beliefs about teaching and learning: a study among pre-service teachers

This study investigated the change in Singaporean pre-service teachers' epistemological beliefs and beliefs about learning and teaching over the course of a teacher preparation program. An online survey was administered during the first week of a nine-month program and the same survey was administered after the 413 participants had completed all their course work and teaching practice. Participants exhibited significant changes in epistemological beliefs and beliefs about learning and teaching – participants indicated more relativistic epistemological outlooks and less constructivism in beliefs about teaching. At the end of the teacher preparation program, they seemed to less value effort in learning and believed more in innate ability.