Development of phonological, morphological, and orthographic knowledge in young spellers: The case of inflected verbs

This study was designed to simultaneously investigate the influence of phonological, morphological, and orthographic awareness skills on the ability to spell inflected verbs in structured spelling tasks. Children in grades 1, 2, and 3 (n=103) spelled inflected past and progressive tense verbs and completed awareness tasks. Developmental changes occurred in the ability to include the inflected ending, to spell the ending consistently reflecting the correct morphological unit, and to affix the ending using the correct orthographic pattern. The contributions of phonological, morphological, and orthographic awareness to spelling development varied across the three grades but were similar for each sub-component, suggesting a developmental relationship between the ability to spell inflected verbs and linguistic and orthographic awareness.     

高师文言文教学法探究

文言文在教材中占有相当大的分量,广大教育工作者也始终在探究关于文言文的教法与学法。遵循素质教育的原则,文言文教学既要教给学生学习方法,培养学生热爱中华民族优秀文化的感情,还要深刻挖掘文言文所蕴涵的知识,注意把古人智慧和现代意识很好地结合在一起。针对高师学生的特点,文言文教学可以从熟读背诵、积累质疑、汉字构造、弘扬传统文化、组建兴趣小组等方面入手。     

Development of morphological awareness in Chinese and English

The development of morphological awareness in Chinese and English was investigated in the current study involving 412 Taiwanese and 256 American students in second, fourth, and sixth grades. The results from both Chinese-speaking and English-speaking students indicate that the morphological awareness develops with grade level and is strongly related to reading ability. More proficient readers outperformed less proficient readers when asked to (1) recognize morphological relationships between words, (2) discriminate word parts having the same or different meanings, (3) select the best interpretations of low-frequency derivatives and compounds composed of high-frequency parts, and (4) judge the well-formedness of novel derivatives and compounds. Chinese students' acquisition of derivational morphology seems to lag behind that of compounding rules, which might reflect the nature of Chinese word formation in that there are far fewer derivatives than compounds in Chinese.     

Morphological awareness and learning to read Chinese

This study investigated the nature of morphological awareness and its relation to learning to read Chinese characters among 46 Chinese-speaking preschool children. The children took a morphological awareness task, which varied in semantic transparency and morpheme position. Children’s vocabulary knowledge and extant character reading ability were measured. Additionally, a character learning task was administered. Results showed that children’s performances on morphological awareness were affected by semantic transparency but not by morpheme position. Morphological awareness was related to vocabulary knowledge when partialling out character reading ability but not to character reading ability after partialling out vocabulary knowledge. The results of the character learning task further revealed that morphological awareness was related to character identification in the words that were just taught but not to character identification in the words that were not taught or in pseudowords. The relation between morphological awareness and character identification ceased to be significant when partialling out the variance in children’s prior knowledge of the characters to be learnt. Taken together, the findings suggested that vocabulary knowledge may play a more important role than reading ability in the initial development of morphological awareness and that the facilitative effect of morphological knowledge in reading does not seem to be significant in the very initial stages of reading acquisition.     

Phonological awareness and morphological awareness: differential associations to regular and irregular word recognition in early Korean Hangul readers

A large battery of reading related skills were orally administered to 111 4-year old and 118 5-year old Korean kindergartners, who were also tested on reading of regular and irregular Korean Hangul words. In regression equations, speeded naming was uniquely associated with reading of both regular and irregular words. In contrast, only the three measures of phonological awareness at the levels of phoneme onset, coda, and syllable uniquely explained Hangul regular word recognition, whereas only morphological awareness consistently explained irregular word recognition. Results suggest somewhat different cognitive demands for reading of regular and irregular words, based on the dual-route model, in Korean Hangul.     

牧区小学语文阅读教学措施及如何提升学生写作能力

在学生接触语文学习的启蒙阶段,教师要充分重视提升语文读写能力在小学语文素养培育中的重要性。尤其是对于处于牧区的学生来说,教育是一件非常需要关注的大事,因为无论是从教学条件还是语文教学理念上来看,牧区的语文教学都要落后于城市中的语文教学。因此,在小学语文课堂教学研究中,教师要分析造成学生阅读教学质量不佳、学生写作能力低下的原因,并在此基础上进行优化改革,将语文教学中的读写两个板块的教学进行切实有效的提高。     

浅谈语文教学中建构学习者个体的语言结构

语文应该教些什么?如何才能更有效地开展语文教学?本文从现代语言学、语文学科性质和当前语文教育教学现状出发,提出建构学习者个体的语言结构才是语文教育教学的终极追求。并论述了语言结构在语文教学中的特征,教师认知学习者的语言结构与相应的教学策略和学习者认知自身的语言结构与相应的学习策略。     

汉语语篇结构标注面临的挑战与对策

作为一个新的研究课题,汉语语篇结构标注面临各种挑战,如理论支撑的建立、基本语篇单位的确定、汉语语篇抽象结构的构建等。然而,国外研究者利用修辞理论进行语篇结构标注的成果为战胜这些挑战提供了一系列的对策。     

从英汉句子结构的特点看英汉互译中长句的翻译策略

本文从汉语与英语句子结构的特点分析入手,突出汉语的意合特点和英语的形合特点,指导英汉互译时长句的翻译方法,同时归纳了在汉译英时翻译方法和思路,翻译时不能用一一对应的方法来翻译,而因分析原文的主要信息,重新调整结构,用符合汉语和英语表达习惯的句子来传递原文的意思。通过归纳分析英汉互译时的不同方法和技巧,使我们在处理长句时更能得心应手。     

The role of teachers’ cognitive support in motivating young Hong Kong Chinese children to read and enhancing reading comprehension

This study analysed the reading lessons of 35 Hong Kong Grade 2 Chinese teachers to investigate whether their instructional practices were related to their students’ motivation and reading comprehension scores. The reading lessons of the teachers were analysed according to the five dimensions of the Motivating Instructional Context Inventory. Students’ subjective reports on their motivation and their teachers’ teaching performance, and their reading comprehension scores were collected. Hierarchical linear modelling showed that students tended to have better reading comprehension scores when their teachers provided more cognitive support and used more motivating instructional practices to motivate them to read.