大学生心理应付方式及团体辅导干预效果实证研究

通过采用《应付方式问卷》和《症状自评量表SCL-90））分别对大学生进行测试并以团体辅导的方式对学生进行心理训练,研究发现：在面临压力或应激时,大多数学生倾向于采取积极的应付方式;男生“解决问题”因子得分高于女生,女生“求助”因子得分显著高于男生;一、二年级和三、四年级学生在“合理化”应付因子上的得分存在差异;团体心理辅导对于改善学生的应付方式和心理健康水平具有显著效果。     

大学生的应付方式及其与心理健康的关系研究

使用《应付方式问卷》和《症状自评量表》对某高校220名在校大学生进行测查。结果显示:大学生的应付方式以工具性应付方式为主;男生与女生在求助与自责这两个应付方式上存在非常显著的差异(p=0.02、p=0.01);农村大学生与城镇大学生在求助因子上存在显著差异(p=0.04);理科与文科、工科大学生在自责(p=0.03)、退避(p=0.03)因子上存在差异;心理健康的大学生与心理异常的大学生在解决问题(p=0.00)、幻想(p=0.00)、自责(p=0.00)、退避(p=0.00)应付方式上存在极其显著的差异;大学生的心理健康水平与应付方式之间有相关关系,且具有统计学显著性。大学生的心理健康与应付方式有关。     

大一高职生自我评价与应付方式之间的相关研究

目的为了探讨大一高职生自我评价与应付方式之间的关系。方法采用自我评价问卷和应付方式问卷对327名大一高职生进行问卷调查,结果（1）大一高职女生的自我评价不如男生,且在学业表现、体育运动、外表三个因子上二者存在显著差异;（2）大一高职男生与高职女生在应付方式的求助因子上存在显著差异;（3）大一高职生的自我评价与应付方式之间存在显著相关,且自我评价的各因子对应付方式的各因子有不同的预测作用。结论大一高职生的自我评价的各因子对积极和消极的应付方式有不同的影响。     

地方高校大学生焦虑与自尊、应付方式关系的研究

目的：研究大学生的焦虑水平与自尊、应付方式间的关系。方法：用状态-特质焦虑问卷、自尊量表和应付方式问卷测查340名大学生,用SPSS 17.0进行统计分析。结果：（1）不同性别、不同年级、是否独生子女、不同生源地大学生的状态焦虑、特质焦虑没有显著差异。不同专业类型大学生的状态焦虑和特质焦虑差异显著,理工类学生高于文科类。（2）大学生的状态焦虑、特质焦虑和自尊水平负相关显著。（3）大学生焦虑状况与自责、幻想、逃避和合理化4个应付因子正相关显著,与问题解决、求助2个应付因子负相关显著。（4）解决问题对状态焦虑具有负向的预测作用,自尊、自责对状态焦虑有正向的预测作用。自尊和自责对特质焦虑有正向预测作用,解决问题对特质焦虑有负向预测作用,焦虑水平高的大学生倾向于使用消极性应付方式。结论：大学生的焦虑水平与自尊、应付方式相关显著。     

农村高中生应对方式和家庭环境的相关研究

应激理论强调：不同的应对方式会引发不同的应激反应水平.本文采用应对方式问卷和家庭环境量表（FES-CV）对农村高中3个年级241名学生进行测量.显示农村高中生在应对生活事件时主要采取积极成熟的应对方式;男生和女生在求助和合理化上存在显著差异;文、理科生在应对方式上不存在显著差异;独生子女和非独生子女在问题解决和自责上存在显著差异;不同家庭结构的农村高中学生在求助上存在显著差异;各年级高中学生在应对方式上不存在显著性差异;农村高中生的应对方式在一定程度上受到家庭环境的影响.     

大学生主观幸福感的现状调查

本研究采用《总体幸福感量表（GWB）》问卷对3所大学的在校大学生进行主观幸福感的现状调查。调查结果表明：（1）大学生在是否独生子女上存在显著差异,非独生子女在主观幸福感的总体上显著高于独生子女;（2）在恋爱与否上存在显著差异,没有恋爱的大学生在对情感和行为的控制上显著高于恋爱的大学生;（3）不同消费水平的大学生在心境忧郁或愉快因子上存在显著差异;（4）不同家庭教养方式在对生活的满足和兴趣因子上存在显著差异。     

西藏中学生应付方式差异的比较研究

为了探讨藏文化背景下当代中学生应付方式的特点,笔者对拉萨市5所中学的学生进行了应付方式的问卷调查.结果表明,各个年级在"求助"因子上得分最高,汉族和藏族中学生在"退避"因子中得分都最低;在性别维度上没有显著性差异;在年级上,初一和普师的学生由于新的生活学习环境所造成的压力而与其他年级在"解决问题"和"退避"因子上有显著性差异;在地域上,城市学生在"解决问题"上得分更低而农村学生在"求助"因子上得分更高;在民族上,藏族学生在"解决问题"和"幻想"因子上得分更高.     

农村高中生心理防御机制的调查研究

采用防御方式问卷（DSQ）,对571名农村高中生面对困难和烦恼时的心理防御方式的特点进行了调查分析。结果表明：（1）农村高中生的心理防御机制整体趋向成熟;（2）不同性别的农村高中生在投射、退缩、升华、幽默、回避、理想化、伴无能之全能、隔离、潜意识显现、抱怨、解除和制止上存在显著性差异;（3）不同学校类型的农村高中生在投射、压抑、幽默、制止、回避、理想化、消耗倾向、掩饰因子、分裂、躯体化和升华上存在显著性差异;（4）处于不同家庭气氛下的农村高中生在被动攻击、潜意识显现、压抑、交往倾向、掩饰因子、幽默、制止和回避上存在显著性差异;（5）处于不同父母教养方式下的农村高中生在投射、隔离和被动攻击上存在显著性差异,并且在不成熟防御机制因子上也达到了显著性差异。     

大学生应付方式与自尊、自我效能感的关系

为了探讨大学生应付方式与自尊、自我效能感的关系,我们对250名大学生以班级为单位集体测试问卷。通过问卷分析我们发现：自尊、自我效能感倾向与积极应付方式呈正相关,与消极应付方式呈负相关;当代大学生倾向于采用积极应付方式;应付方式中性别差异仅存在于求助因子中,年级差异仅存在于退避因子中;解决问题因子对自我效能感有较显著的预测作用,解决问题和自责因子对自尊有较显著的预测作用。最后的结论是,使用适当的应付方式有助于提高大学生自尊和自我效能感。     

高中生自我价值感与应付方式的相关性研究

通过采用国内广泛运用的《青少年自我价值感量表》、《应付方式问卷》对150名高中学生进行问卷调查。结果表明：（1）高中生在社会取向道德价值感维度上存在显著性别差异。（2）高中生在个人取向家庭价值感维度、应付方式幻想因子上存在显著来源差异。（3）高中生在总体价值感、个人取向生理价值感、社会取向生理价值感、应付方式解决问题因子和自责因子上存在年级主效应。（4）自我价值感大部分维度与积极应付方式呈显著正相关,与消极应付方式呈显著负相关。     

Differential Effects Between Group Counselling and Group Guidance in Conducting a ‘Coping with Stress Training Program’ for Turkish University Students

This study aimed at investigating differential effects between group counselling and group guidance in conducting a ‘Coping with Stress Training Program’ for 24 Turkish university students. The dependent variables were coping with stress, irrational beliefs and optimism. A 3 × 2 design (treatment sequence by repeated measures) was applied. As a result of the treatment no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups in any of the variables tested in the study; however, both experimental groups differed significantly from a control group in respect to coping with stress. With regard to the within-group comparisons, irrational belief tendencies in both experimental groups decreased significantly, while the level of optimism of the counselling group and the problem-focused stress coping tendencies of the guidance group increased significantly. Based on the findings, it was considered that the program for developing coping skills for stress might best be implemented in a group guidance format especially in Turkey where there are limited physical resources, a low number of staff to run programs and a high number of students in need of help.     

一般本科院校学生心理健康状况与应对方式关系研究——以福建师大福清分校为例

目的：以福建师大福清分校为例,探讨一般本科院校学生的应对方式对心理健康的影响,为了更好地对一般本科院校学生进行心理健康教育提供理论依据。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和应对方式问卷（CSQ）对福建师大福清分校的350名学生进行测试。结果：（1）323名一般本科院校学生心理健康总体平均分低于全国常模但差异并不显著,心理健康状况一般,强迫症状呈阳性。（2）男性心理健康水平高于女性,在焦虑、恐怖、精神病性这几个因子上差异显著;文科生的心理健康状况优于理科生;城市生源的心理健康状况优于农村生源;不同专业学生应对方式存在显著差异,个体更多的选择在解决问题、求助和幻想的应对方式。（3）大学生心理健康状况与应对方式间显著相关。结论：不同类型的应对方式对一般本科院校学生心理健康有着重要影响。     

Coping strategies,optimism, and life satisfaction among first<Emphasis Type="Italic">-</Emphasis>year university students in Italy: gender and age differences

The transition to university appears to be a complex and delicate time in students’ lives, involving a sequence of changes regarding both the personal/affective and social/professional spheres, facilitating students’ ability to adapt to a new life context. It represents a challenging time that requires students to use adaptive resources to face many changes, including a new academic environment (Park and Adler Health Psychology, 22(6), 627, 2003; Anderson et al. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(4), 325–339, 2000). This paper presents an investigation that focuses on Italian students in transition to university to assess existing gender and age differences in coping strategies and optimism. Furthermore, the study also was designed to explore the impact that coping strategies and optimism have on students’ life satisfaction. The sample consists of 298 first-year undergraduate Italian students enrolled in social science courses at the University of Cagliari (Sardinia): 152 (51%) were female and 146 (49%) were male. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 37 years, with a mean age of 23.2 years (SD = 3.9) The statistical analysis revealed a strong influence from optimism and coping strategies on life satisfaction, as well as an important role played by both gender and age in shaping students’ coping strategies, optimism, and life satisfaction. This research could contribute to helping students better face this life transition, thereby increasing life satisfaction and class-attendance levels, improving academic performance, and reducing the number of university dropouts.     

中国高校影视教育状况调研分析

影视教育已经成为重要综合性大学的标志之一,专业扩张加快,课程设置也多种多样,但包含影视在内的大传媒教育发展趋势日渐明显。本文以大量数据采集来分析影视教育发展趋势、在校学生和招生相关情况、分析学生思想状况与创作实践和就业情况,为有关部门提供参照。     

Long-term development of learning activity: Motivational,cognitive, and social interaction

Recent research on school learning has dealt only with cognitive aspects of the student activity. However, in typical learning and performance situations, the student is expected to cope with complex social and emotional challenges. We developed a theoretical model that describes typical patterns of coping strategies that students use in school situations. The dominating tendency of some students in school situations is task orientation. Such students are oriented to interpret and fulfill the demands of learning tasks. In contrast, other students are sensitive to the threat of failure and show ego-oriented coping strategies. A third group of students relies on social-dependence coping. Orientation tendencies originate in classroom situations, but are then continuously reproduced and reinforced in similar teaching interactions. A multimethod approach was used to test this theoretical model. Longitudinal case studies have demonstrated the cumulation and reinforcement processes of coping tendencies in teaching interactions. Classroom interaction studies have provided evidence of the strong interaction between cognitive processes and socioemotional orientation. Finally, intervention studies have shown that, to improve the use of cognitive strategies, coping strategies also have to be changed.     

University students' situational reaction tendencies: Reflections on general study orientations,learning strategies,and study success

The purpose of the study was to bridge the gap between situational and more general measures in investigating university students' studying. More precisely, the aim was to establish a connection between students' situational reaction tendencies and their general study orientations. Furthermore, situational reaction tendencies were related to the applied learning strategies and actual study success. The participants in the study were 578 second year students in a multi-disciplinary Finnish university. A questionnaire was used including the Inventory of General Study Orientations (IGSO) and measures concerning situational reaction tendencies, learning strategies, self-efficacy and self-evaluated expertise. Archive data from the university's student register were utilized to objectively examine study success. The following four groups of students with differing situational reaction tendencies were distinguished: performance-oriented students, task-oriented students, socially oriented students and avoiders. It was found that the groups differed from each other regarding general study orientations, applied learning strategies and study success.     

大学生孤独感状况及其应对方式特点的调查分析

对大连市4所高校的424名学生进行问卷调查,了解大学生孤独感现状和应对方式的特点,以及不同孤独感程度学生的应对方式的差异。结果显示:大学生孤独感程度与应对方式有显著差异,中、低孤独感学生的成熟应对方式得分高于高孤独感学生,其不成熟方式得分低于高孤独感学生,孤独感水平与应对方式各分量表得分显著相关。     

西南边疆少数民族地区大学生应对方式调查

目的:了解我国西南边疆少数民族地区大学生应对方式的特点,以便有针对性采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法:用问卷法对我国西南边疆少数民主地区的932名大学生的62项应对方式进行调查。结果:该地区的大学生面对生活事件时的应对方式依次主要是:问题解决、求助、退避、幻想、合理化、自责;女生比男生更多的采用求助和退避、忍耐等应对方式,贫困生比非贫困生更多的采用自责的方式而非贫困生更多的采用求助的方式;随年级的升高应对方式的变化趋势不明显。结论:西南边疆少数民族地区大学生主要采用的是较为积极、成熟的应对方式.。     

Perfectionism,Implicit Theories of Intelligence,and Taiwanese Eighth-Grade Students’ Academic Engagement

ABSTRACT

The authors attempted to examine how Taiwanese junior high school students’ perfectionistic tendencies and implicit theories of intelligence were related to their academic emotions and approach versus avoidance self-regulation, and to determine differences in contingent self-worth, emotions, and self-regulation among students with different subtypes of perfectionism. A total of 481 8th-grade Taiwanese students completed a self-reported survey assessing their perfectionistic tendencies, implicit theories of intelligence, academic emotions, behavioral self-regulation, and use of self-handicapping strategies. Results suggested that adaptive perfectionism enabled adolescents to experience positive emotions and to engage in behavioral self-regulation, whereas maladaptive perfectionism was positively associated with negative emotions and self-handicapping. In addition, the incremental theory of intelligence predicted positive affect and constructive coping. By contrast, the entity theory was positively correlated with negative emotions and self-handicapping. The authors also documented profiles of students with different perfectionistic tendencies. Findings showed that in general adaptive perfectionists displayed the healthiest emotions and self-regulatory styles. Implications for education and further research are discussed.     

Coping strategies and psychological well-being among teacher education students

The coping strategies used by students play a key role in their psychological well-being. This study examines the relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being in a sample of 98 undergraduates aged between 19 and 42 years. Coping strategies were evaluated by means of the CRI-A (Moos, 1993), while psychological well-being was assessed using the BSI (Derogatis and Spencer, 1982). The results show a relationship between coping style and psychological well-being. Approach coping strategies as problem solving in teacher education students had a beneficial effect on symptoms of depression, phobic anxiety and overall level of psychological distress. In contrast, cognitive avoidance coping are associated with greater presence of psychological symptoms indicating distress. And behavioural avoidance strategies (search for alternative rewards and emotional discharge) were associated with negative psychological well-being. Coping strategies may help to reduce psychological distress in university students. Specifically, approach-oriented coping is associated with positive scores for psychological well-being, and avoidant emotion-focused coping—above all, behavioural avoidant coping—may be a strong predictor of psychological distress.