我国体育人才需求预测及发展战略研究

根据2005年全国体育人才状况调查数据和国民经济相关统计数据，应用时间序列法和线性回归法建立我国体育人才供需预测模型，预测出2006-2010年我国体育人才的需求，并结合定性定量分析，提出我国体育人才总量增长两步走战略、体育人才质量提高的创新战略以及体育人才结构优化的市场战略。     

我国社区体育人才网络的建立

在界定社区体育人才的内涵与分类的基础上，对建立社区体育人才网络的必要性和发展前景做了分析，提出建立社区体育人才网络，实现体育人才的社会共享，是解决现阶段我国社区体育人才紧缺的有效途径。     

当代社会需要什么样的人才

人才，是社会进步和经济发展的保证，人才数量和质量是一个国家强弱的重要指标，离开了社会进步和国家建设所需的人才，社会就要倒退，国家就要变弱。     

未来10年我国竞技体育人才发展的趋势

通过回顾我国竞技体育人才发展的历史、总结竞技体育人才发展的现状，针对2010年我国竞技体育发展的总目标，预测了我国竞技体育人才发展的未来发展，期望能为竞技体育人才的培养和管理提供参考，从而能使更多的体育竞技人才脱颖而出，推动我国竞技体育事业不断前进。     

社会转型时期的高等学校创新人才的培养

社会转型时期需要创新人才，创新人才应是复合型人才，要有广博的知识和研究能力，要有健全的人格。培养创新人才的途径是：要有高水平的教师，要有精品教材，各牌课程，要发挥学生个体，要改革教学方法，要鼓励学生开展创新活动。     

以人才开发为中心确立我省体育科技可持续发展战略——论体育科技人才的群体功能与结构

竞技体育的竞争，实质上是科技的竞争，归根结底是人才的竞争。体育科技人才资源的开发，是支持我省体育事业，尤其是竞技体育发展的最持久的动力和最重要的基础。在确立21世纪我省体育科技可持续发展战略中，首先应把人才资源的充分开发和合理利用作为中心，明确科技人才群体的功能，并在管理上努力形成人才群体的最佳结构，加强中青年学术骨干和学科带头人的培养与引进。既要保证人才个体的高效能，又要保证人才群体的超效能。在队伍的组成上，力求专业配套，形成集体合力；在人才层次的搭配上，做到高、中、初人才的比例合理，避免积压和浪费人才；在年龄上，注意老、中、青结合，使他们扬长避短，提高效能。     

试论市场经济形势下的体育人才流动

本文紧密结合市场经济，针对我国体育人才使用和管理的实际，阐述和剖析了当前体育人才流动的原因，指出了体育人才双向流动的方式，对实际体育人才合理流动的途径进行了探讨和分析，并揭示出实施体育立法、加强体育人才市场的建设是实现体育人才科学、合理流动的必由之路。     

现代企业人才的开发与管理

随着我国踏入WTO的大门，市场竞争已出现全方位、全球化的趋势，不具备竞争优势的企业会被淘汰，在新世纪，人才资源将成为企业发展的第一源泉。实际上，我国企业已面临人才短缺的挑战，企业应将眼光放在长期利益上，即必须以人才为中心进行经营。识才和用才是企业人力资源管理的一个重要组成部分，机制的创新将成为企业人才开发和管理的核心内容，也是实现人才科学管理，提高人才竞争力的重要职责。     

我国竞技体育后备人才市场与宏观调控机制

运用体育人才学、市场学、经济学等有关理论，分析了国内外在竞技体育后备人才市场方面的成功经验，论述了我国竞技体育后备人才市场的宏观调控机制，即健全后备人才市场法规和市场体系；制定后备人才市场发展规划；保持后备人才总供求的动态平衡；协调后备人才市场中各市场主体的关系。     

我省公安系统高校招生体能测试评分标准的探析

我省公安系统高校招生体能测试评分标准的探析赵军，周钦，邹国建，冯阳（浙江省公安专科学校）高校教育改革的目的是出好人才，多出人才，而招生工作又是培养德智体全面发展合格人才的重要环节，它直接关系着人才的素质和教育质量的提高。因此，不断改革考试方法，完善考...     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。