帕克斯《强者/弱者》中黑人女性自我意识的觉醒

苏珊-洛里·帕克斯凭借《强者/弱者》成为历史上首次获得普利策戏剧奖的黑人女性剧作家。作为一名黑人女性作家,帕克斯的作品不可避免的涉及自身所属群体——黑人女性的问题,即作为黑人、女性、黑人女性她们承受着多重压迫和痛苦。帕克斯在她的《强者/弱者》中通过对三位黑人女性命运的不同安排,分别代表了黑人女性从麻木无知中觉醒的不同程度,向人们展示了黑人女性不同以往的新的形象,充分揭示了黑人女性的自我意识觉醒的重要性。     

论格里斯·尼科尔斯诗歌中的身体描写

身为黑人女性,当代英国女诗人格里斯·尼科尔斯关注黑人女性的解放之路。她选取了女性身体这一独特的视角来表现黑人女性自我意识。在她的诗歌中,黑人女性批判男权思想对女性身体的定义,并对自我肥胖的身体给予肯定。这一过程是黑人女性自我意识产生、成长和成熟的过程。     

国内新世纪以来美国黑人女性文学身份认同研究述评

黑人女性文学是当代文学批评实践中最为突出的课题,而身份认同既是黑人女性文学的经典母题、同时也是研究黑人女性文学的关键。对黑人女性文学中的身份认同研究进行概览并评述其优缺点,有助于深刻理解黑人女性文学、推进黑人女性文学研究。     

美国文学中黑人女性形象的嬗变

美国文学发展中,关于黑人女性形象的塑造经历过由"扁"到渐"圆"的过程。黑人女性形象的发展大致经历了三个阶段:一是早期白人主流文学中的黑人女性"他者"形象,二是20世纪初黑人女性文学先驱者首创的黑人女性正面形象,三是黑人民权运动及妇女解放运动兴起后,黑人女性作家塑造的积极抗争与实现自我的新黑人女性形象。     

解读莫里森小说中的黑人女性

莫里森的作品以独特的写作风格和浓郁的黑人文化底蕴,再现了黑人女性遭受种族、文化、父权等的压迫和歧视,反映了黑人女性的生活现状,探讨了奴隶制、文化及父权社会对黑人女性造成的伤害。     

白人文化冲击之下的黑人女性身份危机

1993年诺贝尔文学奖得主、美国杰出黑人女性作家托尼·莫里森（1931-）的处女作《最蓝的眼睛》展现了白人文化主导下的审美价值观对黑人女性的精神戕害,探索了黑人女性身份的困境及出路。本文在性别、种族和文化等多重视域的关照下重点对作品中的佩科拉等几位典型的黑人女性形象进行剖析,从反面说明了黑人女性的健康发展之路,同时也为日趋复杂的黑人女性身份困境提供了一种思考方式和解决途径。     

试论玛雅·安吉罗诗歌中黑人女性意识

上世纪六十年代,美国女权运动得到飞速发展,在社会多个层面女性不断不到认可,在观念、情感上也获取到前所未有的尊重。在这个阶段中,黑人女性作家同样不断对女权运动中族群歧视及黑人社会中性别偏见等问题展开研究,又称为黑人女性意识觉醒奠定了有力思想基础。文章将当代美国黑人女性作家玛雅·安吉罗的诗歌作为切入点,对揭示黑人女性文化身份、指引黑人女性走出边缘、重构黑人女性文化身份展开了逐一探讨,旨在为如何提高对玛雅·安吉罗诗歌中黑人女性意识的有效认识研究适用提供必要参考。     

玛雅·安吉罗诗歌中黑人女性意识的觉醒

玛雅·安吉罗是美国黑人女性作家的杰出代表,她的作品通过文化意识的融入来关注美国社会道德和黑人民族文化的发展,同时也关注黑人女性生活境况和文化身份的建立。采用文本解读和分组归类的方式,通过对安吉罗的多首诗歌的分析来解读其中的黑人女性意识,即直面黑人女性生存境况、引导黑人女性走出边缘以及重塑黑人女性完美身份。安吉罗诗中的黑人女性意识之所以值得我们研究是由于其提出了两性平等融合的展望,这也是安吉罗女性主义思想的可贵之处。     

从《所罗门之歌》看多重压迫下黑人女性觉醒的困境

托尼·莫里森的小说《所罗门之歌》中对黑人女性角色的刻画深刻反映了黑人女性群体所面临的精神困境。这些黑人女性所遭受的种族歧视、性别歧视和阶级压迫互相交织,共同塑造了被压抑的女性体验。《所罗门之歌》展现了觉醒过程中的重重困境——不稳定的“姐妹情谊”、不彻底的觉醒,以及黑人传统文化传承的代际断层,莫里森传达出了对黑人女性觉醒之路的关切与思考。     

论托尼·莫里森“历史三部曲”的女性主体意识

托尼·莫里森是美国文学界第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女作家。《宠儿》、《爵士乐》和《天堂》是她八部小说中最为典型的三部,是完成于上个世纪八九十年代的代表作,称之为"历史三部曲"。托尼·莫里森作为一个黑人女性作家,将目光放到了本土文化的历史中,运用了黑人女性独特的视觉,阐述那段不愿被人们提及却无时无刻不影响着黑人现时生活的历史,体现了黑人女性主体意识的觉醒和自我价值的肯定。正如有些学者指出:"美国黑人女性作家正立足于黑人女性所处的现实矛盾,她们通过积极构建黑人女性主体意识,提升自我的种族地位,并要求实现性别平等。她们为自己被多重边缘化的集体发言,为黑人女性主体意识的觉醒做着努力,使之构成黑人女性精神传统的重要主城部分,为黑人女性主义运动的进一步发展提供了精神支柱和现实起点。"     

Black Leadership and Outside Allies in Virginia Freedom Schools

In July 1963, students from Queens College (QC) and a group of New York City teachers traveled to Prince Edward County (PEC), Virginia, to teach local black youth in Freedom Schools. The county had eliminated public education four years earlier to avoid a desegregation order. PEC Freedom Schools represented the first major effort to recruit an integrated group of outside teachers and students to educate black students in a civil rights battleground over an entire summer. In contrast to the racial and class tensions that arose between black leaders and predominantly white volunteers in other civil rights campaigns, PEC volunteers willingly deferred to the expertise of local and outside black leaders. This paper identifies the relatively modest scope and well‐defined mission of the program, the real‐world experiences of volunteers, and the high quality of black leadership as factors that led to this positive outcome.     

Observations of teacher behavior in desegrated reading groups

Despite concern about the effectiveness of biracial schooling, there is little research which delineates what actually happens in desegrated classrooms. To generate information where the scientific knowledge base is limited, 10 second-grade teachers (five black and five white) were observed. The question raised was: In a sequence of teaching behaviors for reading groups, what are the proportions of positive and negative behaviors directed toward black and white children? In summing the behavior of all 10 teachers, the proportions of positive and negative behaviors directed toward black and white children were remarkably similar to the ethnic composition of the sample, yet these undifferentiated results did not hold for groups of black or white teachers. In addition to group differences, sketches of an individual white and a black teacher are presented, including observation results and data from a standardized interview of social distance.     

Black hair culture,politics and change

Since the period of black enslavement in the Americas, Diaspora people have used their bodies as a canvas on which to articulate their presence as subjects. This propensity to use the body as a key medium of creative and political expression emerged from an amalgam of African retentions and new, grounded syncretisms in the West. It was further influenced by their denial of access to the academies and cultural institutions such as music halls, galleries, theatres, museums and even clubs. But more than an embodied locus of creativity, the black body has been a site of political struggle since the antebellum period. Whether generated by an oppressor who sought to condition the black subject for labour by inflicting pain on his/her body or driven by the conflicts within some black subjects for physiognomic valuation, the body of the diasporic settler has been and remains a key site of political contestation. This paper will explore these two themes through the medium of black hair culture. In the process, it will look at the centrality of hair to diasporic aesthetics and hair as a symbol of black resistance to oppression. In doing so, it offers students and educationalists with an interest in issues‐based enquiry in art and design education a pathway to project development with a focus on hair culture that could be developed in a variety of media, while opening up avenues for dialogue that should enhance understanding.     

论《紫色》中的女权主义

英美女权主义文学蓬勃发展《,紫色》就是其中一部杰出的女权主义紫色代表作。艾丽丝·沃克从黑人女权主义文学的创作视角出发,充分描述了黑人女性深受性别和种族双重压迫的政治状况及生活遭遇,事实上也充分展现了所有女性对自我及完美生活的渴望与追求。     

中国画的黑白奥妙

黑色和白色是世界上最简单、纯净的两种颜色,却成就了中国画永恒的魅力。黑白之色,为何成为了中国画的灵魂标志?黑白之美,如何造就了中国画的精神气质?从黑白之源谈起,说明黑白两色,从一开始就受到华夏先祖的青睐,成为中国人重要的审美、说理的形式载体。从虚实相生、动静结合的角度谈了黑白之法,阐述了黑白之美及黑白两色的艺术前景。     

一种可能的黑洞内部度规

本文提出一种可能的黑洞内部时空度规,在特殊条件下分别过渡到 Schwarzchild 黑洞内部度规和 Gonzalez-Diaz 黑洞内部度规,并证明了这一黑涧内部度规是无奇性的.     

种族、性别与文化——论托尼·莫里森小说对黑人女性形象的塑造

当代美国黑人女作家托尼·莫里森在其文学作品中塑造了一系列个性鲜明、精神独立的黑人女性新形象,并以独特的视角揭示了在性别和种族双重歧视下黑人女性的内心痛苦和抗争,她清楚地意识到黑人女性在困境中重新发现自我,重塑自我形象的艰难性和必要性,看到了建构身心解放、独立自主的黑人女,睡的理想自我的可能性。     

Do sheepskin effects help explain racial earnings differences?

This study examines the role of sheepskin effects in explaining white–black earnings differences. The study finds significant differences in sheepskin effects between white men and black men, with white men receiving higher rewards for lower level signals (degrees of a college education or less) and black men receiving higher rewards for higher level signals (graduate degrees). In performing an Oaxaca decomposition of earnings differences, it is apparent that signaling plays an important role in explaining white–black earnings differences and that a portion of the gap may be explained by statistical discrimination.     

秀拉·梅·匹斯的悲剧根源

《秀拉》是 1993年诺贝尔文学奖获得者、美国黑人女作家托妮·莫里森的第二部小说。描写的是两个黑人女孩之间的友情。情节简单但含义深刻。本文从三个方面探讨了主人公秀拉的悲剧根源 :黑人是白人社会中的他者、秀拉的现代性与黑人的传统相脱离、主人公秀拉与黑人社区相脱离。由此莫里森从一个特殊角度指出黑人女性将来的出路。     

美国黑人高教的发展历程

美国黑人高等教育的产生和发展与种族主义密切相关。虽然在其发展过程中,教会、政府、慈善团体以及黑人自身等因素在不同程度上对黑人高等教育产生过影响,从某种意义上说都功不可没。但美国社会中种族主义的长期存在势必在黑人高等教育的发展中设置障碍,使黑人高等教育长期以来仅局限于黑人院校。