斯里兰卡开放大学的质量保证与启示

为应对高等教育发展所带来的挑战,斯里兰卡逐步建立了一个强大且全面的、内外部质量保证相结合的高等教育质量保证体系。在该体系框架下,斯里兰卡开放大学在课程管理、学生管理、师资管理、信息管理等方面采取了一系列质量保证措施,形成了一些基本经验,为我国远程开放教育的质量保证提供了借鉴与启示:遵循统一的国家资格框架、开展内外部质量保证活动、围绕学习者需求开发课程、引入第三方学生评价机制、注重教师的激励与培训、建立有效的信息沟通机制。     

Education and social cohesion: developing a framework for education sector reform in Sri Lanka1

There is increasing interest in understanding and describing the links between education and ‘social cohesion’. However, the theoretical and empirical base for understanding these links is limited. There is also a shortage of practical tools for education policy‐makers and planners, to help them assess the impact of policies and investments, and to plan for future reform. This paper describes the initial development of an analytical and planning framework for addressing education and social cohesion within the context of a sector‐wide approach to education reform in Sri Lanka. A brief literature review suggests three inter‐connected domains in which links between education and social cohesion might be usefully analysed, together with three working hypotheses: (i) political economy/governance: education affects social cohesion through transparency and participation in education policy formulation, planning and management; (ii) equity/equality of opportunity: education affects social cohesion through the distribution of education resources, opportunities and outcomes; (iii) teaching/learning: education affects social cohesion through the development of certain competencies in students. Drawing on this analytical framework, research conducted in Sri Lanka is used to identify a set of interventions to promote social cohesion, with corresponding baseline, process and outcome indicators as benchmarks for measuring the progress and impact of intended policy measures. This process is described within the context of a ‘sector‐wide approach’ to education reform, intended to bring together the activities of the government and external partners within a single comprehensive medium‐term planning and budgetary framework.     

中学教师课堂教学主导作用的测量和评价

采用自编“教师教学主导性问卷”、在学学生评价现任科任教师的方式进行调查,认为中学生对教师教学主导性的评价含有5个维度:教给学习方法、促进个性成长、培养动手能力、培养创新精神和激发学习兴趣;可以清楚地区分主导性发挥得好和不好的教师;不同学校类型、学历、任教科目、职务(是否班主任)在教师教学主导性各维度上存在一定差异。     

发展与民族冲突的困境--斯里兰卡现代化的经验与教训

斯里兰卡独立后,其现代化经历了3个阶段。斯里兰卡大规模的社会福利开支与经济发展相对缓慢的矛盾、长期的种族冲突与经济发展的矛盾,是斯里兰卡现代化一直面临的难题。社会福利制度为发展中国家提供了一个模式,而它的长期的种族冲突值得许多多民族国家引以为戒。     

Class,Ethnicity, and Language Rights: An Analysis of British Colonial Policy in Lesotho and Sri Lanka and Some Implications for Language Policy

This study examines language policy in two British colonies, Basutoland (Lesotho) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka), during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It finds that mother tongue education and the concomitant restriction of the teaching of English for the working classes in these colonial contexts constituted a form of industrial education. On the basis of these data, a critique is offered of some of the problematic assumptions of the language rights literature, which tends to reduce language rights to those that have reference to national, national minority, and ethnic group affiliations. There is, therefore, a tendency to treat language users as carriers of national (or national minority) rights and to abstract from their membership in other types of sociological groups, most prominently, socioeconomic class. Such assumptions are problematic because they abstractly identify the interests of national (or minority or ethnic group) members as identical or at least as nonantagonistic. This article also discusses some problematic notions of constructing language identity on the basis of ethnicity and suggests that when the lines of ethnolinguistic identity become blurred-as is now happening throughout the world-notions such as "mother tongue" and "language group" lose their meaningfulness as guideposts to language policy.     

新课程标准中学生必做实验的评价方案的探索与实践

随着江苏省新高考的日益临近,新高考方案中对物理实验的考查也摆到了前所未有的重要地位.随着新版人教版教材的投入使用,新课标中学生必做的21个实验亟需一套评价方案可供教师们参考.本文基于物理学科核心素养,针对这21个实验进行分类梳理,并根据不同的实验类型提供了对应的评价方案.     

建立新型高职就业质量评价体系的研究

针对采用初次就业率来衡量就业质量的局限性,从分析就业质量的内涵着手,深入阐述影响高职就业质量的因素———就业率、工资、社会保险、专业对口情况、适应工作能力和工作稳定性等含义,分析近年国内形势状况及对高职生就业质量的影响。综合地域、个人、家庭和社会等各柔性因素建立一套科学、全面、可量化的就业质量评估系统,根据各项目对就业质量影响的程度,确定各项的权重,并制定了评价标准。     

Analysis of policies for allocating university resources in heterogeneous social systems: a case study of university admissions in Sri Lanka

This paper focuses on the complex nature of designing andeffectively implementing policies, assuring fair access to universityeducational opportunities in heterogeneous societies. First, the universityadmission problem is modeled as a load balancing, scheduling and resourceallocation problem in a heterogeneous distributed system with policies toallocate student loads in university resources. Then the paper analyses thedifferent policies implemented in Sri Lanka for the last three decades todistribute the limited university level training resources in theengineering and medical faculties equally among the citizens.It is observed that in Sri Lanka, the schools in thirteen out of twentytwo districts did not produce a single engineering or medicine student until1974. Two districts enjoyed several times their fair share. Other districtshad less than their fair share in access to free higher education resources.It is also observed that no standardisation methods have been used in bothadding and comparing the marks received in multiple-language examinationsfor different subjects.The policy changes helped the talented low-income students who live indisadvantaged areas to set access, to begin, complete and get ahead on theirown. Furthermore, it generated a new wave of regional economic development.The same policies badly affected the happy few who enjoyed more than theirfair share of the university resources. Dube claimed the policy wasdiscriminatory and contributed to the on-going civil war (1995) .     

注重制度建设 落实激励政策切实推进人才培养模式改革

在外聘教师担任辅导教师的情况下，建立助理辅导教师制度有利于为学员提供更好的学习支持服务，有利于尽快建立适应试点工作的教师队伍；推行个别化学习模式，要把课内外教学看成一个整体，综合确定一个合理的计酬方法，切实落实激励政策；指导教师是个目标性、专业性很强的工作，应由本专业教师担任；开放教育更注重教学过程和学习方法，在知识和获取知识能力两方面更注重能力的培养。     

基于基因表达式编程的软件可靠性评测方法的改进

对当前建立的基于基因表达式编程的软件可靠性评测方法进行改进,引入了连续一步向前预测方式,并以改进后的系统和传统的数学模型预测方法做了对比实验。实验的结果证明基于GEP的预测方法具有更高的预测精度。     

基于“学岗交融”高职教学模式教学质量评价体系的研究

文章以“就业导向、工学交替”理念为基础,研究“学岗交融”高职教学模式教学质量评价体系,以专业、学业、企业为评价要素,着重构建“以学生为本”及“以职业能力形成为核心”的质量评价体系.     

普通高中全员育人导师制德育模式的实践与研究——以滕州二中新校为例

德育是中学教学工作的轴心,也是中学教育的灵魂。在社会转型期的特殊阶段,德育工作也面临着前所未有的瓶颈,在这种情况下滕州二中实施了全员育人导师制德育模式的坚持"成功,必先成才,成才,必先成人"的理念,以"三大步离职教育"的德育模式,践行全员育人导师制德育模式,在工作当中强调德育的"全、导、励、活",丰富了德育教育的内容与形式,提高了德育水平与效果。     

构建中职生数学学习多维评价体系的研究

通过一系列的多维评价体系及评价运行机制的建设,实现评价客体、评价方法、评价主体等的多维交互评价体系,发挥评价的激励作用,促使学生全面健康发展。     

对一道中考试题答案的商榷

笔者研究2004年安徽中考物理试卷发现, 试卷中第21题所给答案存在不足之处。 兹商榷如下: 试题 为了测量一只"3.8V"小灯泡在额定 电压下的电阻,实验室可以提供的实验器材如图 1所示。请你根据需要选出实验器材,并在图上正 确连接实验电路。     

新形势下构建普通高校体育教育专业教学评价体系的研究与实践

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法和专家问卷调查法,针对得出我国高校体育教育专业教学评价现状,拟出一套符合我校教学情况的评价体系,应用于教学实践,最终得出一套更加全面、系统且符合体育教育专业培养目标的评价体系。     

中小学生思想道德评价指标体系构建的理性思考

中小学生思想道德评价指标体系的构建,具有提高德育决策和管理的科学水平和促进德育工作和学生思想道德发展的意义。指标体系研制的依据：中共中央、国务院及各级教委发布的法律法规及相关文件;当前中国社会对学生思想道德发展的要求;基础教育目标和中小学生身心发展水平;思想政治教育的传统及时代探索;学生思想道德发展的需求等方面。发展性及科学性原则、适度导向及前瞻性原则、务实及可行性原则、稳定及适应性原则和底线原则是评价指标体系构建的基本原则。