泡菜抑菌性的初步研究

本文初步探讨了泡菜的抑菌性。利用打孔法测试了5种泡菜水样品对大肠杆菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌和酿酒酵母的抑菌活性,结果显示有4种泡菜水样品对大肠杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌具有抑菌活性,且对蜡状芽孢杆菌的抑制作用强于大肠杆菌,但5种泡菜水样品对酿酒酵母都不具有抑制作用。进一步的pH试验和乳酸的抑菌实验表明乳酸不是泡菜水中的主要活性物质,泡菜水中存在其他的抑菌活性物质,且这些抑菌物质具有pH依赖性。     

鲫鱼不同组织抗菌肽抑菌活性的初步研究

抗菌肽具有分子量小,活性强,抗菌谱广等特性,为非特异性免疫的关键因子。为研究其抑菌活性,取鲫鱼为研究对象,以60％乙腈和1％三氟乙酸为提取液,从鲫鱼的肝、肾、鳃、皮肤粘液中提取抗菌活性物质,用大肠杆菌和鳗弧菌检测其抑菌活性。结果显示,肝、肾抑菌效果明显,皮肤粘液与鳃次之,其抑菌效果有组织特异性;对该提取物进行热敏性检测,热处理样品抑菌圈直径略有减小,结果显示鲫鱼各组织均含有热不敏感的抗菌肽。     

金莲花药理活性及临床应用研究进展

金莲花为我国传统中药,主要成分有黄酮类、有机酸、生物碱等,其中黄酮类为其主要有效成分,药理学研究表明,金莲花提取物具有抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化等活性。该文对近年来金莲花的药理活性及临床应用研究进展进行综述。     

蜂王浆对三种革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌特性

利用抑菌圈试验法研究蜂王浆对大肠杆菌、假单胞菌和沙门氏菌等3种革兰氏阴性菌的抑菌特性.实验结果表明;蜂王浆对3种供试菌株都具有抑制作用.其抑菌活性随蜂王浆浓度的增加而增加;蜂王浆对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用主要由其低pH值引起,而对假单胞菌的抑制作用除了低pH的原因外,还有其他的抑菌因素.蜂王浆的抑菌活性随贮存温度和贮存时间的变化而变化,贮存温度越高、时间越长,抑菌活性越弱;但在-20℃贮存15 d,蜂王浆对3种试验菌的抑制作用不会发生明显的改变;而在25℃贮藏5 d后其抑菌活性显著降低.另外,蜂王浆的抗菌成分主要是醚溶物和水溶物,而醚水不溶物不具有抑菌活性.     

索氏法提取艾叶精油的化学组成及其抑菌活性

以石油醚为溶剂,采用索氏法提取艾叶精油,并与水蒸气蒸馏法进行对比。对精油进行了气质联用（GC-MS）成分分析和抑菌活性测定。结果表明：索氏法提取率达4.27%,远高于水蒸气蒸馏法（0.14%）;索氏法提取艾叶精油共分离出35种成分,其中有效成分桉油精、β-石竹烯、α-松油醇分别占挥发油总量13.36%、8.97%、6.20%;水蒸气法分离出47种,主要有效成分的含量均低于索氏法。索氏法提取精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白葡萄球菌均有抑菌活性,水蒸气法提取精油的抑菌作用弱且对白葡萄球菌无抑菌作用。     

“宁陕香菇”多糖提取及抑菌效果初探

香菇多糖是一种从香菇中提取的有效活性成分,具有多种生物活性,广泛应用于各个行业,在食品行业中可作为天然防腐剂.采用超声波辅助热水浸提法,在料水比1∶15、超声时间10 min、浸泡时间1.5 h条件下提取香菇多糖,采用苯酚硫酸法绘制出葡萄糖的浓度与吸光度的标准曲线.通过紫外分光光度法研究香菇多糖对大肠杆茵的抑制性能,并探讨了香菇多糖的浓度对抑菌效果的影响.结果显示,随着香菇多糖浓度的增大其抑菌效果越好.     

植物源提取液在植物病原菌防治中的应用

对目前杀菌植物提取液的活性成分,不同提取方法提取液的抑菌活性及作用机理进行了概述,并对抑菌植物开发前景进行了展望.     

三种常见植物体外抑菌活性的初步研究

以金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌为检测菌,考察爵床、仙鹤草和鸡矢藤的水提物的体外抗菌活性。结果表明,以上三种植物水提物对所测病原菌都具有一定的抑菌效果,其中爵床对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性最强,鸡矢藤对沙门氏菌抑菌活性最强,两者的最小抑菌浓度均为0.0625g·mL-1。而且各植物水提物在酸性环境等条件下不影响其抑菌活性。     

五种中草药提取液抑菌杀菌作用的研究

选用花椒、蒲公英、细辛、甘草、白术等五种中草药,用35％酒精提其活性成分,对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母菌这四种菌进行抑菌、杀菌试验。抑菌试验表明：五种中草药提取液对四种菌都有明显的抑制作用,其中白术、甘草的抑菌率均在83．1％以上;杀菌试验表明：五种中草药提取液对四种菌有不同程度的杀灭作用。     

产细菌素米氏链球菌S3的筛选及其细菌素生物学特征研究

从大连地区泡菜中分离到32株乳酸细菌,通过牛津杯法,从中筛选出1株有明显抑菌活性代谢产物的米氏链球菌S3.排除酸、过氧化氢等干扰因素后,离心发酵液对指示菌Micrococcus flavs ATCC28001仍有抑菌作用,用胰蛋白酶对其透析液处理后活性丧失,说明它们产生的抑菌物质是细菌素.以S,菌株为试材,对其细菌素类物质的产生及细菌素粗提物进一步研究,发现在对数末期其抑菌活性最高,对热相对稳定(100℃20 min),易被胰蛋白酶、蛋白酶K和胃蛋白酶失活,显示活性的pH值范围为4.0～5.5,粗提液表现为不仅抗藤黄微球菌属、枯草芽孢杆菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌属等革兰氏阳性菌,而且对大肠杆菌(E.coli)等革兰氏阴性菌也有一定抑制作用.说明S3菌株产生的是一类具有广谱抗菌作用的细菌素.     

Short-term microbiological effects of scaling and root planing and essential-oils mouthwash in Chinese adults

Objective

To assess the short-term effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) and essential-oils mouthwash on the levels of specific bacteria in Chinese adults.

Methods

Fifty Chinese adults with chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to full-mouth SRP or a 7-d essential-oils mouthwash regimen. In addition, 22 periodontally healthy adults used essential-oils mouthwash for 7 d. Clinical examination and plaque/saliva sampling were performed at baseline and on Day 7. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), and total bacterial loads in saliva, supra- and sub-gingival plaque samples.

Results

The detection frequencies of four tested species remained unchanged after either treatment. However, the bacterial loads of Fn, Pg, and Pi were significantly reduced by SRP; the mean reduction of bacterial counts in saliva ranged from 52.2% to 62.5% (p<0.01), in supragingival plaque from 68.2% to 81.0% (p<0.05), and in subgingival plaque from 67.9% to 93.0% (p<0.01). Total bacterial loads were reduced after SRP in supra- and sub-gingival plaque (p<0.05). Essential-oils mouthwash reduced Fn levels in supragingival plaque by a mean of 53.2%, and reduced total bacterial loads in supra- and sub-gingival plaque (p<0.01). In subgingival plaque from periodontal patients, Pg and Pi reductions were high after SRP compared to essential-oils mouthwash (93.0% vs. 37.7% and 87.0% vs. 21.0%, p<0.05). No significant bacterial reduction was observed in periodontally healthy subjects using essential-oils mouthwash.

Conclusions

SRP and essential-oils mouthwash both have an impact on saliva and gingival plaque flora in Chinese periodontitis patients in 7 d, with greater microbiological improvement by SRP.     

Master in oral biology program: A path to addressing the need for future dental educators

In dental education, the anatomical sciences, which include gross anatomy, histology, embryology, and neuroanatomy, encompass an important component of the basic science curriculum. At Creighton University School of Dentistry, strength in anatomic science education has been coupled with a solid applicant pool to develop a novel Master of Science in Oral Biology, Anatomic Sciences track degree program. The program provides a heavy emphasis on developing teaching skills in predoctoral students as well as exposure to research processes to encourage the cohort to pursuing a career in academic dentistry. The individuals considered for this program are applicants for admission to the School of Dentistry that have not been accepted into the entering dental class for that year. The students undertake a two year curriculum, studying anatomic sciences with a special emphasis on teaching. The students also must complete a research project that requires a thesis. The students in the program are guaranteed acceptance to dental school upon successful completion of the program. After six years, the first ten students have received their Master of Science degrees and continued in dental school. The program is favorably viewed by the faculty and participating students. It is also considered successful by metrics. Nine of the ten graduates have said they would like to participate in academic dentistry in some capacity during their careers. Anat Sci Educ 10: 607–612. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

What Are They Thinking? Dental Assisting Students' Feelings About E-Books

Electronic textbook usage is increasing within higher education while use of traditional textbooks is declining. While some research concerning student preference for textbook type provides insight into student choices, there is a gap in the literature regarding use of electronic textbooks within dental assisting programs. The purpose of this study was to explore dental assisting students’ preferences regarding electronic textbook usage during their professional education. Two questionnaires were administered to a group of dental assisting students to ascertain their preferences. One questionnaire was given during the Dental Assisting Program orientation at the beginning of the academic year. The second questionnaire was administered at the conclusion of a nine-month dental assisting curriculum in which students were required to use electronic textbooks for approximately half of their courses. Results from the questionnaires indicated that while students were open to the idea of electronic textbooks and willing to use them prior to beginning in the Dental Assisting Program, at the conclusion of the Program they overwhelmingly preferred to use traditional print textbooks.     

怀化市城区学龄前儿童龋患情况调查分析

统计1996－1998年林化市幼儿园3－6岁儿童龋患情况,结果表明：（1）男童龋患率＞女童龋患率;（2）随着年龄的增长龋息率有所增加;（3）这三年比较,儿童的龋患率逐年有所下降.     

Anatomical sciences: A foundation for a solid learning experience in dental technology and dental prosthetics

Basic science courses are extremely important as a foundation for scaffolding knowledge and then applying it in future courses, clinical situations as well as in a professional career. Anatomical sciences, which include tooth morphology, oral histology, oral embryology, and head and neck anatomy form a core part of the preclinical courses in dental technology programs. In this article, the importance and relevance of anatomical sciences to dental personnel with no direct contact with patients (dental technicians) and limited discipline related contact with patients (dental prosthetists) is highlighted. Some light is shed on the role of anatomical sciences in the pedagogical framework and its significance in the educational process and interprofessional learning of dental technicians and prosthetists using oral biology as an example in the dental curriculum. To conclude, anatomical sciences allow dental technicians and prosthetists to a gain a better insight of how tissues function, leading to a better understanding of diagnosis, comprehensive treatment planning and referrals if needed. Patient communication and satisfaction also increases as a result of this deep understanding of oral tissues. Anatomical sciences bridge the gap between basic science, preclinical, and clinical courses, which leads to a holistic approach in patient management. Finally, treatment outcomes are positively affected due to the appreciation of the macro and micro structure of oral tissues. Anat Sci Educ 10: 395–404. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.     

英国口腔公共卫生硕士课程设置和考核的特点

英国的研究生教育素以高质量而著称.文以英国伦敦大学学院口腔公共卫生硕士课程为例,阐述了英国口腔公共卫生硕士课程设置的目的、内容、课程质量监控、课程考核及课程设置和考核的特点对学生的影响,希望能给我国的研究生教育提供一些参考..     

口腔仿真模拟系统及其在临床前教学中的应用

介绍口腔仿真模拟系统的主要构成以及功能特点。在口腔临床前教学中应用此系统不但能够增强学生的学习积极性、巩固基础理论知识,而且能够提高临床操作技能,值得进一步在口腔教学中推广应用。     

口腔医学专业实习前教育改革的设想

本分析了口腔医学教学的性状和社会关心的医疗模式的改变，尤其是发展私立牙科诊所后的一些变化。为了提高口腔医学教学质量，培养更多合格的口腔专业学生，在教学中应有新思路和新方法，对进入临床实习前的教学工作提出了一些设想，包括教学目标、内容和实际操作方法。     

Effects on cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties of the incorporations of silver nanoparticles into the surface coating of dental alloys

The aim of this study was to research the changes in cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties after silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were incorporated into the surface coating of dental alloys. AgNPs were attached to cobalt chromium alloys and pure titanium using a hydrothermal method, according to the reaction: AgNO₃+NaBH₄→ Ag+1/2H₂+1/2B₂H₆+NaNO₃. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the alloys when in contact with osteogenic precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) from mice and mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) from rats. The antibacterial properties of dental alloys incorporating three different concentrations (10, 4, and 2 μmol/L) of AgNPs were tested on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Streptococcus mutans (MS). High cytotoxicity values were observed for all dental alloys that contained 0% of AgNPs (the control groups). The incorporation of AgNPs reduced cytotoxicity values. No significant difference was observed for antibacterial performance when comparing dental alloys containing AgNPs to the respective control groups. The results demonstrated that the cobalt chromium alloys and pure titanium all had cytotoxicity to MC3T3-E1 and BMSC and that the incorporation of AgNPs could reduce this cytotoxicity. The concentrations of AgNPs adopted in this study were found to have no antibacterial action against SA or MS.     

12世纪河西方音的通摄阳声韵

《番汉合时掌中珠》(1190年)夏汉对音和《文海》的分韵显示,12世纪河西方音中的通摄阳声韵与失落韵尾-的宕、梗两摄的演化有所不同,据此,学界一般主张通摄阳声韵保留了鼻化音。本文通过归纳《掌中珠》和《类林》(1181年)等文献中的夏汉对音字例,指出通摄阳声韵只有端组和精组字保留了鼻化,其他声类字均已失落鼻韵尾-,并进一步结合梵汉对音字例,分析了端组通摄-尾的失落滞后于其他声类的原因可能是河西方音中端组与遇摄不搭配。