学术网络社会资本视角下的学科评价指标探索

[目的/意义]学术关系网络中蕴含着丰富的社会资本,这种资本能真实反映科研机构的学术声望及影响力,为测度科研机构学术网络社会资本丰富程度,本文提出了新的学科评价指标——SCAN指数。[方法/过程]从ESI数据库采集材料学高水平论文的被引数据,利用SCAN指数分析国内材料学一流学科建设高校的排名情况,发现与QS排名吻合度较高,且这种排名结果在两次ESI数据对比试验中具有稳定性,从而印证了SCAN指数的合理性与可靠性。[结果/结论]SCAN指数能较为合理地反映评价对象在学术网络中的相对地位,可用于评估科研机构的学科实力并预测其发展潜力。     

政府网站信息提供与公众获取的演化博弈分析

政府网站信息提供的有效性取决于政府和公众二者进化博弈的结果.本文尝试运用演化博弈理论,将政府网站信息提供与公众获取置于一个渐进的演化系统中,通过分析这一系统的演化规律和影响演化稳定的因素,提出优化政府网站信息提供的对策建议.     

基于网上书店的一站式图书检索荐购系统研究

本文针对图书馆现有图书荐购系统的不足,分析了目前图书馆荐购中存在的采购和反馈的时效性问题和读者荐购的心理状态,指出只有采购和反馈工作做到快速及时,才能真正体现荐购系统存在的价值。本文结合网上书店的迅猛发展,提出"以读者需求为中心"建立一站式图书检索荐购系统。本文介绍该系统以网上书店作为荐购知识库,从检索到荐购的系统架构和工作流程,以及系统中网上书店的信息采集和使用等关键技术。     

General 9-instant discrete-time Zhang neural network for time-dependent applications

Zhang neural network (ZNN) is widely applied to solving time-dependent problems. For the sake of the implementation on the digital hardware platform, ZNN models need to be discretized. In this paper, as a further study of Zhang et al. discretization (ZeaD) formulas, a novel general 9-instant ZeaD formula is presented, and clear constraints are firstly given with proof. To evaluate the presented 9-instant ZeaD formula, three continuous-time models for time-dependent matrix inversion and pseudoinversion are presented with the help of Getz-Marsden dynamic system (GMDS) and ZNN. Then the corresponding discrete-time models are obtained by using the 9-instant ZeaD formula. According to the comparison experiments, the 9-instant ZeaD formula is substantiated to be effective and consistent with the theory. Furthermore, the problem of mobile angle-of-arrival (AoA) localization is investigated as a more specific and practical problem. In order to overcome the singularity problem of the tangent function in the representation of the AoA localization system, a new representation with sine and cosine functions is presented. Similarly, the continuous-time model is derived and discretized. Through comparison experiments, the discrete-time model obtained by the 9-instant ZeaD formula achieves desirable results, which further show the efficacy of the 9-instant ZeaD formula.     

Planning and design of on-line systems for the ultimate user of biomedical information

Following a general discussion on the philosophy and design of information systems, with particular attention to the definition, needs and psychology of the ultimate user of systems providing on-line access to biomedical information, the role of the documentalist, the differences between document retrieval and true information retrieval and the operational characteristics of on-line systems which affect their cost and hence their design and acceptability, the authors make some tentative predictions as to the future demand for such information retrieval services and their probable organizational form. A brief report is then presented on the principal findings and conclusions of a user's study of the Excerpta Medica system, the key features and history of which are briefly described. Based on the conclusions of this study, particularly as regards the complexity of the average search question, the role of the search formulators in determining the results of computer searching, the importance of secondary concepts for retrieval and the optimal level of specificity of a computer thesaurus, some of the changes in the Excerpta Medica system which are in the planning stage and will be incorporated into the system's Mark II version are outlined, as are the principal features of the two systems currently offering on-line access to the Excerpta Medica database in Western Germany and the U.S.A. Finally, attention is given to the planned partial hierarchic structuring of the Excerpta Medica thesaurus (Malimet), a project which is to be based largely on frequency counts of the existing database and the elimination of over-specific terms by posting under broader concepts. The results of some of the initial steps in this direction (i.e. frequency counts of portions of the database and the structuring of some of the terms used in the cancer field) are presented by way of illustration.     

基于Agent的信息门户在电子政务中的应用

政府信息门户是直接为企业和公民提供服务的一个平台,也是政府优化和整合业务流程的一个平台,是电子政务的重要组成部分。Agent是一种能够感知环境并作用于环境的计算实体,具有智能性、自主性、协调性和学习性,适合于完成知识搜索、知识管理等任务。利用Agent技术构建信息门户,能够增强系统的智能性,提高系统的服务质量。本文讨论了基于Agent的信息门户在电子政务中的应用,建立了基于Agent的政府信息门户框架,并以网上并联审批过程为例分析了系统的工作过程。     

地方政府网站信息公开能力评价指标体系的构建与应用

在分析《中华人民共和国政府信息公开条例》和总结国内外政府网站信息公开相关评价研究成果的基础上,构建了地方政府网站信息公开评价指标体系。该指标体系由7个一级指标、26个二级指标和38个三级指标构成,并运用德尔菲法与AHP法确定了指标权重。然后运用该评价工具对天津滨海新区各政府网站和滨海新区政务网进行了试评价,对指标性能和操作规范进行了检验,认为该评价体系具有较好的适用性和可操作性。     

Technology policy and the regions — the case of the BioRegio contest

Only recently, it has been argued that technology policy should give more attention to the regions as they could play a key role in the process of technological change. The German Federal Government has tried to do so by initiating a contest in which Germany's leading Biotech regions competed for a given amount of public funding. This paper reports on the aims, the conceptual design and the results of the BioRegio contest (BRC) and tries to place it into a broader theoretical context. It is shown that the new policy instrument cannot solve the fundamental information problem associated with government intervention into the process of technological change, but that it goes into the right direction by taking the regions seriously and giving prominence to the well-functioning interplay of the various elements of regional innovation systems.     

Charging users for library service

The question of instituting direct charges for library service is examined and is contrasted with the current indirect changing system where services are paid for by taxes of various types. The policy of whether to levy direct charges for on-line bibliographic searching serves as an example for the analysis. In this case it is concluded that due to considerations of information as a merit good, the service should be supplied free of direct charges to certain users in a specified amount. For other users it is reasonable to impose direct charges.     

具有几何分布统计特征的在线租赁竞争分析

近年来,在线算法的兴起为金融领域的研究提供了新的视角,但传统的竞争分析方法有意规避概率分布假设。在金融领域中,似乎有时忽略这些极有价值的信息而只运用标准的竞争比方法分析显然是一个极大浪费。在本文中,我们首次结合输入结构的分布信息研究了离散型在线租赁问题,建立了最优的离散型在线租赁决策模型,并给出了最优的竞争策略及其竞争比。相比较Karp和El Yaniv的研究结果,由于本文引进了输入的分布信息使得竞争比改善;而相对于Fujiwara的研究结果,由于本文研究了离散型情形,给出了实际问题的精确解。     

APL-based on-line retrieval of financial data

FACTS is an APL-based interactive on-line system used for retrieval of budget and accounting data. The system provides selective retrieval and manipulation of financial data for management in a development laboratory. The terms “teilnehmer” and “teilhaber” are defined and it is argued that use of a teilnehmer system, such as APL, can considerably reduce the programming and monitary investment for information science systems applications. A brief discussion of APL's text editing facilities is also included to introduce this relatively unknown language to information scientists.     

江西省应急指挥平台视频系统的实现概述

江西省应急指挥平台视频系统依托江西省政务信息网,已经建成并覆盖了11个设区市。该应急指挥平台视频系统采用多点控制单元（MCU）和视频终端组织召开应急视频会议,运用最新的动态双流技术和双视频图像传输技术,达到既能上联国务院应急平台,又能同时联通其他应急指挥部如公安、水利、气象等部门。应急指挥平台视频系统在应急事件处理中发挥了重大作用。     

从认知障碍角度探讨无障碍网络信息环境的设计

本文从构建和谐信息社会目的出发,分析了认知障碍人群的认知特征及网络需求,并把他们纳入网页设计目标群中,推荐一系列无障碍网页开发流程和无障碍的网页设计,为认知障碍人群创造一个信息公平的无障碍网络环境。     

网上信息跨语言检索方法

本文介绍了目前全世界网络语言的现状和实现网上信息跨语言检索的五种方法，阐述了跨语言检索对实现网络信息资源共享的重要性。     

Measuring the success of the Greek Taxation Information System

The transformation of many governments all around the world into new forms, namely, electronic government (e-Government), could not leave the Greek government unaffected. Therefore, it initiated an e-Government project related to national information systems and finance services, the Greek Taxation Information System (TAXIS). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the success of TAXIS from the perspective of expert employees, who work in public taxation agencies. This topic is interesting, because TAXIS is applied in a tax-driven country, under a mandatory setting. Also, it is the first time that the success of this project is examined, from the perspective of employees, using IS success models. The study adapts DeLone and McLean [DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean model of information systems success: A ten year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9–30] and Seddon's [Seddon, P. B. (1997). A respecification and extension of the DeLone and McLean model of IS success. Information Systems Research, 8(3) 240–253] information systems success models. The model developed includes the constructs of information, system and service quality, perceived usefulness and user satisfaction. The results provide evidence that there are strong connections between the five success constructs. All hypothesized relationships are supported, except for the relationship between system quality and user satisfaction. The empirical evidence and discussion presented can help the Greek Government improve and fully exploit the potential of TAXIS as an innovative tool for taxation purposes.     

政府信息公开中隐私权与知情权的博弈及平衡

政府信息公开可以确保公民知情权的不断满足,但同时公民隐私权被侵害的可能性也随之加大,两者间的冲突成为一个不可回避的问题.通过对政府信息公开中隐私权与知情权的内涵、保护制度,两者冲突的探讨,指出平衡两者利益,协调两者冲突的途径与方法.     

面向政务微博的社会治理建模与实证研究

[目的/意义]作为"互联网+政务服务"的产物,政务微博功能综合、用户众多、信息海量、诉求多元的特点为社会治理提供了新的视角。[方法/过程]通过从数据库中随机抽取的2 000条政务微博作为研究对象,运用SPSS19.0分析政务微博在社会治理中的作用机理;使用案例分析法,选取@中央气象台、@问政银川、@北京微博群,来实证研究基于内容的可视化、基于时间线条的效率值、基于突发事件的微博群效应在社会治理的独特运作模式。[结果/结论]结果表明,政务微博在预测网络舆情、创新社会治理方面具有显著的正向作用,优质的政务微博运营理念有助于促成信息在交互场景下实现多方谋划（共建）、广泛参与（共治）、共同享有（共享）的社会化机制,以期能为政府更好地运用新媒体"听民意、惠民生、解民忧"提供一定的借鉴。     

新形势下如何充分发挥政务信息工作在国家科技智库建设中的作用

文章以中科院2002—2015年向中共中央办公厅和国务院办公厅上报信息及采用批示情况为数据源进行多维度研究,深入分析了中科院政务信息对上报送工作现状和特点,并结合全球科技格局变革、我国科技智库建设需求和科技决策模式的新要求,建议建立嵌入科技决策、跨学科跨机构交叉融合式工作机制,建立能有效支撑政务信息工作发挥智库作用的信息资源和人力资源保障平台,建立政务信息产品评估审核制度和共享平台。     

Information management hits and misses in the COVID19 emergency in Brazil

Brazilian Federal Government created an emergency aid to face the COVID19 emergency. This aid provides monthly payments to low-income or unemployed citizens, informal workers, or individual micro-entrepreneurs. An intricate set of criteria made too complex the identification of all citizens eligible for emergency aid, considering there is no an integrated database to which they could apply these criteria. Consequently, lots of people who fulfilled the criteria were not able to receive the aid, and lots of people who were not supposed to get it ended up receiving it. In this context, the goal of this opinion paper is to discuss the process effectiveness and which issues related to information management hindered the positive program impact. Additionally, a less complex but relevant case of Rio Grande do Sul State is discussed. Both cases – the Federal Government and the state government – show the importance of effective information management to face very demanding situations and avoid the high social price to be paid by those who need this aid the most.