中药治疗阿尔茨海默病的动物实验研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种渐进且不可逆转的神经退行性疾病并且伴随着认知功能的下降和严重的行为异常。本文简要的介绍了中药治疗阿尔茨海默病的动物实验研究进展。通过对近几年中药治疗阿尔茨海默病的动物实验相关论文的阅读,总结了多种常用的阿尔茨海默病的动物模型及中药对其治疗的例子,发现转基因AD动物模型和非人工诱发的AD动物模型为较理想的中药治疗阿尔茨海默病的动物模型。     

艾斯能:治疗老年性痴呆症

我国老年性痴呆病(阿尔茨海默病)病人将能从各主要城市的指定医院处方买到一种国际上最新研制的治疗老年性痴呆病的新药艾斯能(重酒石酸卡巴拉汀)。阿尔茨海默病(AD)也叫老年性痴呆或早老性痴呆,是一种可引起脑功能逐渐衰退的神经退行性疾病。估计全世界阿尔茨海默病发病人数高达1000多万。最新的胆碱酯酶抑制剂艾斯能可调整脑内神经递质水平,改善神经机能,减轻临床症状,为延长病人寿命,提高生活质量和社会能力,减轻家庭经济负担创造良好基础。临床证明,艾斯能对轻度到中度的阿尔茨海默病的治疗是有效的。迄今为止,艾斯能在全球超过70个国家获得上市,其研制者诺华公司是全球医药保健行业的领先者,在中枢神经领域具有强大的新药研究开发能力。     

阿尔茨海默病新药上市背后的重重挑战

<正>全球约有5500万人患有阿尔茨海默病,由于我国人口基数庞大,中国的阿尔茨海默病患者在全球患者中比例最高,约有1000万人。为了攻克阿尔茨海默病,各国政府及科研机构投入了大量资金和人力,但目前还没有药物或疗法可以使阿尔茨海默病患者痊愈,不过,现在已有一些药物可以延缓病情恶化。2023年7月,美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准了一种名为伦卡奈单抗（Lecanemab）的新药,用于治疗阿尔茨海默病,两个月后,该药物也获得了日本相关部门的批准。今年1月,伦卡奈单抗获得中国国家药品监督管理局批准,正式在中国上市。     

nature

正去除β-淀粉样蛋白新前景Nature封面:在Aducanumab作用下,淀粉样蛋白斑块减少,如示例基线与治疗54周后的淀粉样蛋白PET图像所示。Nature杂志第7618期封面文章报道了Aducanumab,它是一种专门靶向β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)肽聚集的人类重组单克隆抗体,人们认为Aβ肽聚集在阿尔茨海默病的神经退行过程中发挥了作用。近年来,多种阿尔茨海默病药物都未能成功研发,因此任何新发现都会引起人们的强烈兴趣。一项新的研究报告了每月向先兆或轻微阿尔茨海默病被     

阿尔茨海默病的多重迷失

<正>前不久,不满60岁的科幻作家韩松在微博上透露自己可能罹患阿尔茨海默病（俗称老年性痴呆,也称失智症）,但还没确诊。他想趁记忆还没有完全消失,记录并分享自己的病程,让更多人认识并预防这种疾病。目前,阿尔茨海默病是一种无法治愈的疾病,但通过对症治疗可以缓解症状。     

作用于VEGF靶点的治疗药物现状分析

靶向药物将肿瘤治疗从化疗推向个体化精准治疗时代，显著提高了患者的生存期和生活质量。VEGF是一种明星靶点，开发作用于VEGF靶点的治疗药物已经成为了国内外研究热点。文章基于已发表的文献证据、数据库、国内外药品说明书，重点针对抗VEGF药物的作用机制、产品现状和我国自主研发的抗VEGF药物现状进行综述，以期为靶向治疗药物研发和临床用药提供参考。     

基于网络药理学及分子对接联合GEO芯片分析红花治疗冠心病的作用机制

运用网络药理学及分子对接联合GEO芯片分析的方法，分析红花治疗冠心病的分子靶点和作用机制。通过TCMSP平台筛选红花的有效成分和靶点；在GEO芯片数据库检索、分析、筛选芯片数据并提取冠心病的差异表达基因；将获得的药物靶点与疾病靶点取交集基因，使用STRING平台对关键靶点构建蛋白互作网络；利用Metascape数据库对关键靶点进行GO和KEGG富集分析，应用AutoDockTools软件进行分子对接，预测作用机制。共获得红花17个有效成分，对应218个作用靶点，药物靶点与疾病靶点交集基因22个；筛选到核心活性成分黄芩素、β-胡萝卜素、β-谷甾醇等，核心靶点VEGFA、MMP9、JUN等；GO和KEGG分析呈现生物过程199个，细胞组分17个，分子功能19个，富集通路涉及到IL-17信号通路、糖尿病并发症相关AGE-RAGE信号通路等；分子对接结果β-胡萝卜素、豆甾醇等与核心基因结合良好。文章初步揭示红花治疗冠心病的活性成分、作用靶点及信号通路，红花通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的方式发挥治疗冠心病的效用。     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨护肝宁片治疗乙型肝炎的作用机制

目的：通过网络药理学研究护肝宁片治疗乙型肝炎的作用机制。方法：利用TCMSP数据库收集护肝宁片活性成分，构建化合物—靶点图。通过GeneCards和OMIM数据库获取乙型肝炎相关靶点，将护肝宁片活性成分靶点与乙型肝炎疾病靶点取交集，得到关键靶点。通过对共有核心靶点进行蛋白质相互作用分析，分析蛋白相互作用（PPI）中度中心度（DC）、中间性中心性（BC）、紧密性中心性（CC）筛选核心靶基因。选取的护肝宁片主要活性成分与关键靶点进行分子对接。结果：筛选到护肝宁片中木樨草素、槲皮苷、隐丹参酮、丹参酮等81种主要化学成分和198个相关靶点，其中关键靶点有TP53、AKT1、VEGFA、STAT3等。护肝宁片中的活性成分可能通过线粒体、膜筏等细胞组分参与DNA生物合成、细胞凋亡、星形胶质细胞的激活等多种生物学过程，作用通路为乙型肝炎、PI3K-AKT等。分子对接结果显示主要化学成分与核心靶点的结合力均较强，蛋白结晶复合物构象稳定。结论：研究初步表明了护肝宁片通过多成分、多靶点、多通路发挥治疗乙型肝炎的作用机制。     

中医药治疗阿尔茨海默病临床研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是以不可逆进行性记忆减退和认知、语言功能障碍为主要临床表现的一种神经系统变性疾病,它的主要发病机制与神经递质紊乱、基因变异、蛋白质异常修复、自由基损伤、神经细胞凋亡、β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积等有关,而临床上用药种类繁多,疗效均不确定,且副作用大,而中医药作为我国的传统医药,有着独特的诊疗特色,文章就阿尔茨海默病的中医药治疗作综述。     

浅谈中医“治未病”在农村的推广实施——以防治阿尔茨海默病为例

随着中国人口老龄化的趋势,中国阿尔茨海默病的发病率逐年上升,农村尤为如此。面对诸如阿尔茨海默病一类难以治疗、经济消耗大、对家庭破坏深的疾病,普及"治未病"思想以及建立农村"治未病"体系是应对此难题的一个切入点。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.