浅析体能训练对防治田径运动损伤的作用及措施

田径运动和其他所有运动项目一样,需要通过长期的日积月累训练才能取得优异的成绩,即其训练过程具有不间断性,如果运动员在训练或比赛中出现损伤,就意味着有可能中断训练或比赛,轻者要数天或数月,重者甚至再也不能重返赛场。因此,运动损伤对训练和比赛影响巨大。在田径运动训练和比赛中,一定要加强运动损伤的预防意识,明确地认识到防重于治。体能训练,尤其是身体素质训练对预防田径运动损伤非常有效,合理有效的身体机能训练和身体素质训练,可在很大程度上减少运动损伤出现的概率,即便出现损伤,程度也会较轻。而且,良好的体能有利于损伤的快速恢复。     

高校排球运动中运动员损伤的综合分析

目的：通过分析高校排球运动中运动员的损伤情况,为提高排球教学质量及预防运动损伤提供参考。方法：运用文献法及调查问卷法等调查部分高校排球运动中运动员损伤情况,并进行综合分析。结论：针对高校排球运动存在的潜在损伤隐患因素,采取有针对性的训练方法及预防措施,对提高比赛及教学训练质量有重要的意义。     

试论柔道运动常见损伤的预防

在柔道运动训练和比赛中,掌握正确的预防措施,主动的预防损伤比伤后再去治疗显得更为重要。本文对柔道运动员常见损伤提出一些预防措施,力求把损伤率降低到最低的程度,为迅速提高我国柔道技术水平赶超世界积累经验。     

浅谈足球运动员踝关节损伤的预防及处理

现代足球比赛竞争日趋激烈,在训练及比赛过程中,其激烈的身体对抗及错误的技术动作等原因造成运动员踝关节损伤的情况非常普遍,在一定程度上影响了运动员正常水平的发挥。本文通过文献调查对踝关节损伤原因进行分析,并提出相对应的预防与处理措施,以便为足球教学及训练提供科学依据。     

优秀乒乓球运动员运动损伤的调查分析及对策研究

本文通过对乒乓球运动员运动损伤的调查,研究了乒乓球运动员的患病率及损伤特点,分析损伤原因,提出了相应的对策,以便在今后的乒乓球训练和比赛中,预防和减少乒乓球运动员运动损伤的发生。     

足球运动员膝关节半月板的损伤及预防机制

半月板损伤在膝关节损伤中是最常见的,它严重影响足球运动员的生理机能,影响了运动员的正常训练和比赛,甚至减少运动寿命,在足球的训练和比赛中积极的防止膝关节半月板损伤显得非常关键。本研究的目的旨在探讨膝关节半月板损伤的机制及预防方法,以便从事足球运动的运动员加强自我保护,防患于未然。     

体操运动员的损伤研究（综述）

通过对我国体操运动员常见运动损伤的学习研究,归纳了体操运动员的损伤部位,分析了损伤原因、性质,掌握损伤发病规律,并提出相应的对策与建议,以便在今后的体操训练和比赛中,有效地预防和减少运动创伤的发生。     

足球运动员损伤现状及对策研究综述

由于足球运动的对抗性与特殊性,在比赛与训练的过程中都有可能发生不同程度的损伤,除了运动员自身的行为之外,许多外在的因素都可能造成损伤的发生,并在一定程度内限制运动能力的提高.据中外统计数据反应,不同人群的足球运动损伤严重的影响了运动员正常的训练和生活,阻碍运动员运动水平的提高.不同阶段的人群损伤的规律也不尽相同,所以通过整理和归纳,总结出运动损伤常见部位、类型的规律以及预防方法.     

对大学生田径业余训练中常见运动损伤的分析

对高校大学生在田径业余训练中运动损伤进行了调查,并对损伤在项目上的分布情况、损伤性质及损伤原因作了重点分析.大学生在田径业余训练和比赛中,发生运动损伤的情况较多,不同项目受伤的情况各有不同.笔者从96年开始,对安徽省部分高校田径队业余训练期间队员受伤情况进行了调查,对调查结果做了一般性数理统计.     

竞技健美操腕关节损伤的机制、治疗及预防

腕关节是竞技健美操运动员在长期的训练和比赛中出现损伤的部位,这种损伤的治疗方法多种多样,它的治疗与预防也需要建立在对其损伤机制了解的基础上。本文通过文献资料法,梳理近年来竞技健美操项目中关于腕关节损伤的机制、治疗及预防的研究,并进行总结,给出自己的建议。     

全国足球甲级联赛期间部分足球运动员赛中重度损伤的原因及预防措施

对足球甲级联赛赛中重度损伤的成因进行追踪，通过对部分损伤实例的报道及对其机制的分析发现：加强足球运动员全面身体素质的平衡发展及技术动作的合理应用，开展对运动员的职业道德和文明精神教育，提高球队医务人员的业务素质和专业技术水平是防止足球运动员重度损伤的重要因素。     

Science and Gaelic football: a review

This review focuses on Gaelic football and scientific reports of the characteristics of its players and the demands of the game. Anthropometric characteristics vary according to positional role, but top players display high muscularity and good all-round fitness at the peak of the competitive season. Match analysis indicates that exercise intensity is roughly equivalent to that for professional soccer. Average heart rates are approximately 160 beats x min(-1) during competitive matches, and average oxygen consumption is about 72% of maximum. Metabolic fatigue in active muscles is unlikely. Conventional biomechanical and electromyographic techniques are useful in gaining insight into individual games skills. Inadequate attention has been given to injury prevention and to psychological aspects of the game. Although possessing unique characteristics, Gaelic football has many similarities with other football codes, especially Australian Rules football where the ball is played by both hands and feet and where tackling is permitted.     

Science and Gaelic football: A review

This review focuses on Gaelic football and scientific reports of the characteristics of its players and the demands of the game. Anthropometric characteristics vary according to positional role, but top players display high muscularity and good all-round fitness at the peak of the competitive season. Match analysis indicates that exercise intensity is roughly equivalent to that for professional soccer. Average heart rates are approximately 160 beats· min-1 during competitive matches, and average oxygen consumption is about 72% of maximum. Metabolic fatigue in active muscles is unlikely. Conventional biomechanical and electromyographic techniques are useful in gaining insight into individual games skills. Inadequate attention has been given to injury prevention and to psychological aspects of the game. Although possessing unique characteristics, Gaelic football has many similarities with other football codes, especially Australian Rules football where the ball is played by both hands and feet and where tackling is permitted.     

Science and football: a review of applied research in the football codes

Over the last two decades there has been a growth in research directly related to football. Although most of this research is focused on soccer (association football), there has been a steady increase in publications related to the other football codes. There is evidence of more systematic training and selection influencing the anthropometric profiles of players who compete at the highest level. Fitness is being optimized to cope with match demands while accommodating the need for specific requirements of positional roles. There is evidence of work rate being higher in contemporary football games than in previous decades, with consequences for training and dietary practices. Notation analysis of actions during matches is now used regularly to provide detailed objective feedback on performance to players and coaches. Training regimens are designed for game-specific purposes where possible. Sports psychologists working in a football context have a more eclectic body of knowledge to draw from. In the professional soccer clubs, the rewards associated with a successful investment in youth academies have helped to focus attention on talent identification and development models. It is a challenge to those specializing in science and football to contribute to the success of such schemes.     

Science of rugby league football: a review

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30 - 40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10 min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1 mmol . l(-1) have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats . min(-1) (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats . min(-1) (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats . min(-1) (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted.     

奥运会足球赛参赛队员的职业化

奥运会足球赛参赛队员经历了杜绝参赛阶段、“非职业化”动摇阶段、全面职业化阶段。由于“非职业化”的原因,使奥运会足球赛的比赛不够激烈,观众越来越少。承办奥运会的经费压力和观众欣赏一流比赛的渴望,促使了奥运会足球赛参赛队员的职业化进程。     

Age-ordered shirt numbering reduces the selection bias associated with the relative age effect

When placed into age groups for junior sporting competition, the relative differences in age between children leads to a bias in who is evaluated as being talented. While the impact of this relative age effect (RAE) is clear, until now there has been no evidence to show how to reduce it. The aim of this study was to determine whether the selection bias associated with the RAE could be reduced. Talent scouts from an elite football club watched junior games and ranked players on the basis of their potential. Scouts were allocated to one of three groups provided with contrasting information about the age of the players: (1) no age information, (2) players’ birthdates or (3) knowledge that the numbers on the playing shirts corresponded to the relative age of the players. Results revealed a significant selection bias for the scouts in the no-age information group, and that bias remained when scouts knew the players’ dates-of-birth. Strikingly though, the selection bias was eliminated when scouts watched the games knowing the shirt numbers corresponded to the relative ages of the players. The selection bias associated with the RAE can be reduced if information about age is presented appropriately.     

Science of rugby league football: A review

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the science of rugby league football at all levels of competition (i.e. junior, amateur, semi-professional, professional), with special reference to all discipline-specific scientific research performed in rugby league (i.e. physiological, psychological, injury epidemiology, strength and conditioning, performance analysis). Rugby league football is played at junior and senior levels in several countries worldwide. A rugby league team consists of 13 players (6 forwards and 7 backs). The game is played over two 30?–?40 min halves (depending on the standard of competition) separated by a 10?min rest interval. Several studies have documented the physiological capacities and injury rates of rugby league players. More recently, studies have investigated the physiological demands of competition. Interestingly, the physiological capacities of players, the incidence of injury and the physiological demands of competition all increase as the playing standard is increased. Mean blood lactate concentrations of 5.2, 7.2 and 9.1?mmol?·?l^?1 have been reported during competition for amateur, semi-professional and professional rugby league players respectively. Mean heart rates of 152 beats?·?min^?1 (78% of maximal heart rate), 166 beats?·?min^?1 (84% of maximal heart rate) and 172 beats?·?min^?1 (93% of maximal heart rate) have been recorded for amateur, semi-professional and junior elite rugby league players respectively. Skill-based conditioning games have been used to develop the skill and fitness of rugby league players, with mean heart rate and blood lactate responses during these activities almost identical to those obtained during competition. In addition, recent studies have shown that most training injuries are sustained in traditional conditioning activities that involve no skill component (i.e. running without the ball), whereas the incidence of injuries while participating in skill-based conditioning games is low. Collaborative research among the various sport science disciplines is required to identify strategies to reduce the incidence of injury and enhance the performance of rugby league players. An understanding of the movement patterns and physiological demands of different positions at all standards of competition would allow the development of strength and conditioning programmes to meet the precise requirements of these positions. Finally, studies investigating the impact of improvements in physiological capacities (including the effect of different strength and conditioning programmes) on rugby league playing performance are warranted.     

对足球比赛中合理性防守的探析

通过对足球比赛的分析，认为合理调度兵力和合理分配体能是足球比赛中取得胜利需要重点考虑的问题。在比赛中只有采用合理性的防守，才能避免防守时不必要的兵力和体能浪费，从而增加进攻的实力。     

Physical exercises for preventing injuries among adult male football players: A systematic review

Background:Football is the most practised sport in the world and is associated with the risk of injuries in the players.Some studies have been published that identify injury prevention programs,but there is no review of the full body of evidence on injury prevention programs for use by football coaches.The aim of this article was to carry out a systematic review of published studies on injury prevention programs for adult male footballers,identify points of common understanding and establish recommendations that should be considered in the design of injury prevention strategies.Methods:PubMed and EMBASE databases were used to identify relevant published articles using the following keywords:"soccer"AND"injury"AND"prevention".Results:A total of 2512 studies were identified initially,but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria,and their outcomes are presented.Results revealed that injury prevention programs in football have focused on strength training,proprioceptive training,multicomponent programs(balance,core stability,and functional strength and mobility),and warm-up programs.Conclusion:Based on results from the studies analyzed,football players can lower the incidence of match and training injuries by participating in dynamic warm-up programs that include preventive exercises before games or during training sessions,and by adding strength,balance,and mobility training to the training sessions.