From Interaction to Intersubjectivity: Facilitating online group discourse processes

This article examines the online discourse that took place in representative threads from two classes, seeking to document indicators that students did or did not engage in co‐construction of knowledge. Stahl's (2006 Stahl, G. 2006. Group cognition: Computer support for building collaborative knowledge, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.  [Google Scholar]) social theory of computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is used along with discourse analysis methods to examine these course dialogues. Findings show the class that had a peer‐like, consistent facilitative instructor and discussion anchored around questions and shared artifacts was more likely to engage in discussion leading to the negotiation of knowledge and understanding. This class relied on social acknowledgements, questions, and shared exploration of perspectives and theories throughout their discussion. These elements and strategies appear to be important components that make up for lower levels of tacit understanding in online environments, thus enabling learners to interact in social learning processes. The other class, which lacked a facilitative instructor, did not have the same results. Although interaction levels were equal and students carried topical motifs such as the phrase “faster, better, cheaper” from message to message, students in this other class did not engage deeply or develop new understanding of the course material through the discussion.     

促进区域性教师网络学习共同体知识共享的策略研究

构建区域性教师网络学习共同体对于提高教师专业化水平具有重要作用.区域性教师网络学习共同体知识共享可以提高团队之间的竞争力、促进教师个人专业的发展力、增强学生的学习力.我们可通过重视教师个人特性、增加教师之间交流的机会、构建良好的团队激励机制和创设多种共享方式,来促进区域性教师网络学习共同体的知识共享.     

论促进知识建构的学习环境设计

本文从理解知识和知识建构的概念出发,分析了知识建构的特点,比较了知识建构与传统学习的差异,阐述了知识建构的方式,从建构主义学习环境设计理论的角度讨论了有效促进知识建构的学习环境设计方法。文章认为,有效促进知识建构的学习环境设计必须围绕活动、情境、资源、工具、支架、学习共同体和评价等七大基本要素来进行。这一学习环境设计方法为知识建构提供了一种思考和实践框架,有益于教师帮促学习者运用高阶思维开展有意义的学习,实现高阶能力的发展。     

Embodied Knowing in Online Environments

In higher education, the conventional design of educational programs emphasises imparting knowledge and skills, in line with traditional Western epistemology. This emphasis is particularly evident in the design and implementation of many undergraduate programs in which bodies of knowledge and skills are decontextualised from the practices to which they belong.

In contrast, the notion of knowledge as foundational and absolute has been extensively challenged. A transformation and pluralisation has occurred: knowledge has come to be seen as situated and localized into various ‘knowledges’, and the status of the body has taken on renewed significance in epistemological debates. Rather than thinking of knowledge as transcending the body, the embodiment of knowledge has become a key factor in understanding the nature of knowledge and what it means to know.

In this paper, we adopt a phenomenological perspective in exploring the notion of embodied knowing as it relates to higher education programs and, more specifically, the ways in which information and communication technologies (ICTs) are used in these programs.     

Immersion in a Digital Pool: Training Prospective Online Instructors in Online Environments

This article argues that the online environment is optimal for teaching prospective instructors how to develop and implement online courses. To support this claim, the author draws on hypertext theories to define the online course archive as a constructive hypertext and to describe the work the course archive is able to do when used to instruct prospective online instructors. The claim is further supported through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a course archive.     

Immersion in a Digital Pool: Training Prospective Online Instructors in Online Environments

This article argues that the online environment is optimal for teaching prospective instructors how to develop and implement online courses. To support this claim, the author draws on hypertext theories to define the online course archive as a constructive hypertext and to describe the work the course archive is able to do when used to instruct prospective online instructors. The claim is further supported through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of a course archive.     

Facilitating Place-Based Learning in Outdoor Informal Environments with Mobile Computers

This paper advocates for place-based education to guide research and design for mobile computers used in outdoor informal environments (e.g., backyards, nature centers and parks). By bringing together research on place-based education with research on location awareness, we developed three design guidelines to support learners to develop robust science-related understandings within local communities. The three empirically- derived design guidelines are: (1) Facilitate participation in disciplinary conversations and practices within personally-relevant places, (2) Amplifying observations to see the disciplinary-relevant aspects of a place, and (3) Extending experiences through exploring new perspectives, representations, conversations, or knowledge artifacts. Last, we link theory to practice by illustrating how the three guidelines were applied in one outdoor science learning project called Tree Investigators.     

自我分裂与主体间性:《宠儿》中的主体建构

美国黑人女作家托尼·莫里森在小说<宠儿>中着重塑造了塞丝和宠儿两个人物形象.作品的情节和涉及的其他人物形象大都是围绕这两个人物间的关系展开的.塞丝和宠儿互为主体,共同建构并结构着对方的主体性.因此,二者的主体间性是贯穿小说<宠儿>的一条主线.     

构建基于网络的合作学习环境

在信息与通讯技术越来越发达的今天，基于网络的远程学习已变得越来越重要。该介绍的是如何构建基于网络的合作学习环境，着重介绍了网络学习环境的三个基本要素：学习内容、通讯工具及协同合作，并对每一要素的特点及可利用的工具进行了分析，章最后呈现了一个基于网络的合作学习环境实例。     

Facilitating Grounded Online Interactions in Video-Case-Based Teacher Professional Development

The use of interactive video cases for teacher professional development is an emergent medium inspired by case study methods used extensively in law, management, and medicine, and by the advent of multimedia technology available to support online discussions. This paper focuses on Web-based grounded discussions—in which the participants base their contributions on specific events portrayed in the case—and the role facilitators play in these online interactions. This paper analyzes the online exchange of messages in one school district that participated in a video-case-based program of teacher professional development and derives principles that will help facilitators lead grounded online interactions.     

基于知识建构的在线异步交流评价

时于在线学习环境下以计算机为媒介的交流的质量评价已经成为教育研究的一个热点.本文综合多个在线交流评价的相关研究,设计了一种具有可操作性的异步交流知识建构的评价框架.该框架能够直观、快捷地评价异步交流参与者的知识建构.通过三个案例的应用,说明该框架能适用于许多场合的在线交流评价.     

构建基于知识管理的网络教育资源库

随着网络知识经济时代的到来,仅从现代教育媒体传递教育信息的视角来考虑教育信息化的问题已经不够.针对我国网络教育资源库目前存在的问题,本文提出构建基于知识管理的网络教育资源库,并从知识管理的角度,阐述构建的基本理念和主要流程.     

The Framework for DIRECTED Online Learning Environments

A steady increase in the development and use of online instructional delivery systems in higher education institutions is expected to occur over the next few years. Online learning environments (OLEs) will emerge to provide comprehensive support for the process of learning and instruction. Currently, educators and administrators are seeking guidance for conceptualizing and implementing OLEs. A framework is needed to represent the essential aspects of OLE development and use, and to address the complex nature of OLEs. This paper offers a definition for OLEs. Also, a framework is presented to support a “directed” approach to OLEs that provides a basis for planning, designing, implementing and evaluating OLEs, and for online courses contained within OLEs. The elements of the framework for DIRECTED OLEs, Delivery, Interaction, Resources, Evaluation, Culture, Technology, Education, and Design, are defined and issues concerning the elements are presented.     

Exploring Factors Influencing Collaborative Knowledge Construction in Online Discussions: Student Facilitation and Quality of Initial Postings

Although lots of studies have investigated collaborative knowledge construction in online courses, the factors influencing this process are yet to be fully determined. This study provides quantitative and qualitative types of evidence on how (naturally emerged) student facilitation and quality of initial postings influence collaborative knowledge construction in online discussions. We analyzed the discourse of nine student groups (N = 34) working on a case problem in an online discussion forum. We found that student facilitation was an important contributor to the process. In contrast, the contribution of low-quality postings in early stages of the discussion can jeopardize the process. This work is an attempt to address quality in online learning by helping instructors decide on encouraging student facilitation in online discussions as well as structuring and carefully monitoring the content of initial discussion postings.     

Analytic Frameworks for Assessing Dialogic Argumentation in Online Learning Environments

Over the last decade, researchers have developed sophisticated online learning environments to support students engaging in dialogic argumentation. This review examines five categories of analytic frameworks for measuring participant interactions within these environments focusing on (1) formal argumentation structure, (2) conceptual quality, (3) nature and function of contributions within the dialogue, (4) epistemic nature of reasoning, and (5) argumentation sequences and interaction patterns. Ultimately, the review underscores the diversity of theoretical perspectives represented within this research, the nature of dialogic interaction within these environments, the importance of clearly specifying theoretical and environmental commitments throughout the process of developing or adopting an analytic framework, and the role of analytic frameworks in the future development of online learning environments for argumentation.

西部远程开放学习者的网络学习环境的调查与分析

本文通过对中国西部远程开放学习者的网络学习环境的考察和分析,指出探索具有本土化特色的网络远 程开放教育模式是西部广播电视大学所面对的一个重要的文化教育主题。     

情绪交互对在线协作学习者知识建构的影响

情绪交互可以在一定程度上决定在线学习者协作知识建构的成效。为了探究情绪交互的网络结构特征及其对在线学习者协作知识建构的影响程度,研究综合采用社会网络分析法和内容分析法,从整体网络视角分析在线协作讨论中情绪交互的网络结构特征,并依据Gunawardena提出的知识建构模型对在线学习者协作知识建构水平进行了分析。研究发现,情绪交互的连通性较低、密度整体不高、中心势偏高,而且在线学习者的协作知识建构总体水平也不高,主要集中于知识分享和知识分析层次。其次,情绪交互密度和中心势不仅与知识协商和知识修改之间存在显著相关关系,而且在一定程度上可以预测在线协作知识建构水平。鉴于此,文章从情绪交互视角提出了提升在线学习者协作知识建构水平的策略。