Migration,Knowledge Transfer,and the Emergence of Australian Post-War Skiing: The Story of Charles William Anton

Skiing underwent substantial changes during the post-war years when the sport turned into a multi-billion dollar industry and a leisure activity for the masses. Despite its global nature and popularity, skiing in academic writing has not gained much recognition. This paper explores the role of knowledge transfer during the pioneering phase of post-war skiing in Australia. It describes the life of Charles William Anton, an Austrian refugee from the Anschluss who migrated to Sydney and subsequently became one of the founding fathers of Australian post-war skiing. The following pages show the multi-layered nature of skiing as a global sport by exemplifying how ideas spread from pre-war Europe to post-war Australia. The paper will also provide a case study about refugee knowledge transfer and the ‘productive process of absorption, adoption or rejection of knowledge’ that takes place once an idea has been introduced into a new environment.     

‘Discipline Your Ladies … So They Become Independent’: A Discourse on the Beginnings of Women’s Skiing in the Black Forest,Germany

Abstract

The Black Forest is considered to be the cradle of skiing in Germany. In 2016, the 125th anniversary of the beginning of skiing in the Black Forest is being celebrated. Over the decades, skiing developed into a very popular sport for men and women in Germany and spread to the Alps. Presently, the German Ski Federation (Deutscher Skiverband, DSV) has over 500,000 members, about 40% being women. This paper will concentrate on the first decades of women’s skiing in the Black Forest until the First World War. To present a wider picture, in some sections, it will be necessary to relate to other parts of Germany. A special focus will be put on competitive skiing, skiing as a social event and the discourse about women’s ski clothes.     

Quantifying instantaneous performance in alpine ski racing

Alpine ski racing is a popular sport in many countries and a lot of research has gone into optimising athlete performance. Two factors influence athlete performance in a ski race: speed and the chosen path between the gates. However, to date there is no objective, quantitative method to determine instantaneous skiing performance that takes both of these factors into account. The purpose of this short communication was to define a variable quantifying instantaneous skiing performance and to study how this variable depended on the skiers' speed and on their chosen path. Instantaneous skiing performance was defined as time loss per elevation difference dt/dz, which depends on the skier's speed v(z), and the distance travelled per elevation difference ds/dz. Using kinematic data collected in an earlier study, it was evaluated how these variables can be used to assess the individual performance of six ski racers in two slalom turns. The performance analysis conducted in this study might be a useful tool not only for athletes and coaches preparing for competition, but also for sports scientists investigating skiing techniques or engineers developing and testing skiing equipment.     

我国滑雪运动现状分析及其可持续发展的研究

文章采用文献资料、实地调查及数理统计法,对我国滑雪运动发展现状、特征及影响因素进行研究,认为：我国滑雪运动有着深远的历史文化背景;伴随社会政治、经济、文化活动的繁荣发展,竞技性滑雪运动、社会性滑雪运动及学校滑雪运动教学逐渐成为我国体育文化的重要组成部分;我国在国际比赛中形成了自由式滑雪空中技巧、单板滑雪＂U＂型槽等雪上项目的竞争优势,对滑雪运动的普及与提高起到积极的促进作用。同时,滑雪运动的可持续发展提出相应建议。     

大众滑雪运动的健身作用及运动损伤的预防

大众滑雪是一项冬季健身运动项目，也是一种社会文化现象。参加滑雪运动即可以增强体质、增进健康，又可以丰富人们的业余生活。而在滑雪运动中，如果忽视运动损伤的预防方法，极有可能发生各种伤害事故。本文重点阐述大众滑雪运动对人体健康的促进作用和运动损伤的预防方法，供滑雪教学及广大滑雪爱好者参考。     

多媒体与微型教学在高山滑雪教学中的应用

北方高校是我国最早将滑雪运动列入冬季体育教学内容的教育单位,部分体育院校将其视为重点学科进行发展。针对传统高山滑雪教学方法存在的课时内容分配不合理、场地条件的制约和动作技术难度高等不利因素,提出利用现代教育理念与多媒体技术克服传统高山滑雪教学方法中的缺陷。旨在打破传统教学方法,有效提高高山滑雪教学质量。     

Quantifying instantaneous performance in alpine ski racing

Abstract

Alpine ski racing is a popular sport in many countries and a lot of research has gone into optimising athlete performance. Two factors influence athlete performance in a ski race: speed and the chosen path between the gates. However, to date there is no objective, quantitative method to determine instantaneous skiing performance that takes both of these factors into account. The purpose of this short communication was to define a variable quantifying instantaneous skiing performance and to study how this variable depended on the skiers' speed and on their chosen path. Instantaneous skiing performance was defined astime loss per elevation difference dt/dz, which depends on the skier's speed v(z), and the distance travelled per elevation difference ds/dz. Using kinematic data collected in an earlier study, it was evaluated how these variables can be used to assess the individual performance of six ski racers in two slalom turns. The performance analysis conducted in this study might be a useful tool not only for athletes and coaches preparing for competition, but also for sports scientists investigating skiing techniques or engineers developing and testing skiing equipment.     

市场细分儿童与老年人滑雪消费群体的意义与建议

自1996年第3届亚冬会以来我国滑雪产业蓬勃发展,在近10年的时间里涌现出了不同规模的滑雪场约180家,促进了我国滑雪运动的普及和发展。但由于总体上我国仍处于培育市场、产业化经营的初级阶段,因此在管理、经营上存在着诸多的问题。在市场开发方面,消费群体单一、结构不合理等比较突出的问题,阻碍了滑雪市场健康有序的发展。儿童与老年人是庞大的滑雪消费群体,但又往往受到人们的忽视。重视和开发儿童与老年人滑雪群体将对我国的滑雪事业的发展起到巨大的推动作用。     

我国大众滑雪指导员的现状与发展

伴随着我国大众高山滑雪运动的异常迅猛的发展,许多始料不及的问题出现在我们面前了,如何解决好诸多问题是引导大众滑雪运动健康发展的关键。其中,滑雪指导员在引导大众滑雪运动持续发展,正确指导滑雪技术,有效地指导安全滑雪及创建和谐、融洽的滑雪者之间人际方面的独特作用不容忽视。     

黑龙江省滑雪场所消费者特点分析与行销策略

了解滑雪消费者特点、提高滑雪消费水平是滑雪产业发展和繁荣的关键因素。采用文献资料查询法及问卷调查法等,对黑龙江省滑雪消费者特点进行分析研究。结果显示:黑龙江省滑雪消费者客源格局,近几年没有得到改变,滑雪消费者以青壮年为主、中高收入者居多和受教育程度较高,滑雪消费的主要动机是休闲娱乐、强身健体和体验刺激等特点。针对滑雪产品交易过程、市场定位,从产品、价格、销售和宣传等几方面提出滑雪行销策略。     

低碳环境下黑龙江省大众滑雪旅游业现状和发展对策

黑龙江省大众滑雪旅游业已得到迅猛发展,而如何能在“低碳”环境下实现黑龙江省大众滑雪旅游业可持续发展是需要亟待解决的问题。通过分析,总结出黑龙江省大众滑雪旅游业存在政府监管不力,开发缺乏统一规划;滑雪场的滥建严重破坏了黑龙江省生态环境;公民低碳环保意识淡薄等现状。并有针对性地提出加强政府低碳环保标准体系建设,构建政府、市场、企业三级监管体制;合理开发、建设大众滑雪场地,贯彻生态文明的体育发展理念;加大宣传力度,倡导公民的低碳环保意识等发展对策,以期为政府相关部门提供有价值的参考和借鉴。     

论发展大众滑雪旅游对构建和谐社会的作用

采用理论与实际调研相结合的方法,对发展大众滑雪旅游与构建和谐社会的关系进行了理性分析和实际考察。认为大众滑雪旅游作为现代社会中一种文明、积极、健康的生活方式对构建和谐社会具有积极作用,而和谐社会的构建又为大众滑雪旅游的发展提供经济基础和稳定的社会环境。构建和谐社会大众滑雪旅游的发展应致力于构建和谐社会大众滑雪旅游的科学发展观,建立和完善大众滑雪旅游的法规及其运作机制,经营理念大众化,注重旅游形象的塑造。充分认识发展大众滑雪旅游对于促进和谐社会人的现代化观念的建立,培养和谐的全面发展的人,促进社会成员之间和谐的人际关系,促进有利于巩固社会和谐的精神文明建设,消除社会等级差异,感受和谐社会氛围,促进社会的安定等起积极作用,并为世界文化的发展做出贡献。     

中国高山滑雪男子运动员创伤特点与预防对策

在高水平运动员竞争激烈的今天,对参赛高山滑雪运动员动作的难度、准确性等都提出了更高、更细的要求,所有这些的前提是保证高山滑雪运动员健康的身体基础,进一步避免专项运动的各种损伤,这是重中之重。为了研究中国优秀男子高山滑雪运动员的创伤特征与规律,研究对策,尽量预防和减少伤病或避免伤病的发生,深入国家一线对高山滑雪运动员30名运动员的运动创伤情况逐一的进行了身体损伤的专题医学检查,用软件对数据进行了统计学分析(Spss13.0)。总结出高山滑雪运动员的运动损伤的部位主要集中在踝关节、膝关节、腰背部及肘关节;损伤类型主要是肌肉损伤等6种类型,并针对于发病诱因分析总结出了相应对策。对运动损伤的发病原因与防治提出了建议,特别提倡支持带在运动损伤的预防中的普及。     

Taking Ski Tracks to the North. The Invention and Reinvention of Norwegian Polar Skiing: Sportisation,Manliness and National Identities

Norwegian explorers have for more than a century made a strong presence in the polar areas. One of their distinctions was their dedicated use of skis. This article examines the Norwegian affection for skiing in the polar areas. The will to quest and conquer the polar extremes, as well as the inland glaciers of Greenland, has been a part of Norwegian polar history, to such a degree that it can be termed a national characteristic. Through primary and secondary literature and other sources, the article discusses the historical background of this cultural practice, and how it has been able to survive into modern times. What is the significance of these modern expeditions which might otherwise be seen as mere repetitions of historic ventures? The article discusses polar skiing in the perspectives of modern sport, national identities and manliness.     

黑龙江省普通高校滑雪体育课的现状调查及对策研究

研究目的:随着滑雪体育课的发展,在教学中越来越多的问题和矛盾出现了,现行的教学理念和方法不能满足滑雪体育课的要求,引起有关方面的广泛重视。如何解决滑雪课教学存在问题,增强学生的身心健康和滑雪体育课教学质量是非常有意义的。采用文献资料、数理统计等方法对黑龙江普通高校冰雪体育课的现状进行分析和研究,研究表明:黑龙江省普通高校滑雪体育课的场地器材是非常先进的,能够满足教学的需要和要求,但教学时间不能满足学生的需求,建议增加8课时,达到18课时;黑龙江省普通高校滑雪体育课教师在滑雪教学业务上还需进一步提高,滑雪体育课的教师教学经验较丰富,能在一定程度上弥补滑雪技能上的欠缺。根据黑龙江高校冰雪体育课的现状提出加强黑龙江省普通高校滑雪体育课程建设,加大滑雪体育师资的建设,合理地利用周末进行滑雪体育课的教学等发展对策。     

我国滑雪旅游产业的可持续发展研究

滑雪旅游产业是我国体育产业的重要组成部分.认为我国滑雪旅游产业的现状及存在着缺乏政府主导,市场培育滞后,滑雪旅游产品单一,专业性人才缺乏,滑雪场管理模式及营销策略落后,滑雪装备业和用品业发展缓慢等诸多问题.根据存在的问题提出:加强政府主导与市场培育,拓展政府扶持力度;大力提高滑雪场的科学管理水平;完善滑雪旅游保障措施;借鉴国外经验,加强国际合作;延伸滑雪旅游产业链;加强滑雪旅游企业跨区域合作机制等促进我国滑雪旅游产业可持续发展的战略.     

意向置换教学在滑雪课中的应用

目的：滑雪是一项难度高、危险性大的体育运动,如何提高教学和训练质量,使初学者能在短时间内,以最快的速度牢固地掌握滑雪运动技术是滑雪教学中首要解决的问题。方法：通过文献资料法、现场访谈法、教育实验法和数理统计法对意向置换教学运用于滑雪教学和训练进行探讨。结果：通过实验对比,反复变换练习条件、练习内容、时间和强度,实验组在牢固掌握滑雪运动技能、消除恐惧心理和场地的适应能力上均明显好于对照组。结论：意向置换教学是教学规定与个性发展融为一体,符合教学规律,具有可行性。     

黑龙江省越野滑雪后备人才现状分析与发展对策研究

黑龙江省作为我国越野滑雪项目的优势大省,加强对黑龙江省越野滑雪后备人才培养的研究,已成为保证越野滑雪项目可持续发展的重要举措。借助2022年北京市和张家口市联合举办第24届冬季奥运会的良好契机,改善黑龙江省越野滑雪运动后备人才培养现状,是一个值得深入研究和探讨的课题。通过对黑龙江省2011年～2014年经注册的越野滑雪运动员进行定量与定性分析,深入地研究黑龙江省越野滑雪后备人才的培养现状。结果表明,黑龙江省越野滑雪项目存在运动员人数小幅度萎缩,人才匮乏;青少年基础薄弱,选材困难;场地缺乏、器材昂贵等问题。提出改革越野滑雪后备人才培养体制,借鉴先进的训练模式;优化青少年选材标准,选择科学的评价指标;加快场地建设和器材国产化、量产化;加强教练员运动员队伍建设等对策。以期缩小差距,为促进黑龙江省越野滑雪运动项目的可持续发展提供参考。     

高山滑雪教学理论授课的要点

高校开展高山滑雪教学对培养大学生冬季体育锻炼的兴趣、爱好,以及锻炼行的养成具有重要的促进作用,是改变黑龙江省大学生体质逐年减弱趋势的主要冬季体育活动之一。高山滑雪教学的理论授课是预防滑雪运动损伤的有效手段,从熟悉滑雪器材与掌握技术概念,遵守禁止在滑雪道上停留、掌控自己滑行的速度、不准许超速滑行、保持安全的滑行距离、按自己的技术水平选择滑行的滑雪道的滑雪规则,掌握安全摔倒的时机、方法等几个方面构建、设计高山滑雪教学理论授课的要点,在寓教于乐中灌输安全滑雪、终身体育的理念,提高黑龙江省大学生体质健康水平。